Heat flow through a basaltic outcrop on a sedimented young ridge flank

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Volumn 5, Issue 12, 2004, Pages

  Wheat, C Geoffrey ^a   Mottl, Michael J ^b   Fisher, Andrew T ^c   Kadko, David ^d   Davis, Earl E ^e   Baker, Edward ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^e Geological Survey of Canada Sidney   (Canada)

^f NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Baby Bare; Heat flow; Heat flux; Hydrothermal; Radon; Ridge flanks

Indexed keywords

EID: 29644435300     PISSN: 15252027     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2004GC000700     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Baker, E. T., Y. J. Chen, and J. P. Morgan (1996), The relationship between near-axis hydrothermal cooling and the spreading rate of mid-ocean ridge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 142, 137-145.
2. Becker, K., and E. E. Davis (2003), New evidence for age variation and scale effects of permeabilities of young oceanic crust from borehole thermal and pressure data, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 210, 499-508.
3. Becker, K., and R. P. Von Herzen (1983), Heat transfer through the sediments of the mounds hydrothermal area, Galapagos Spreading Center at 86°W, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 995-1008.
4. Becker, N. C., C. G. Wheat, M. J. Mottl, J. L. Karsten, and E. E. Davis (2000), A geological and geophysical investigation of Baby Bare, locus of a ridge-flank hydrothermal system in the Cascadia Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 23,557-23,568.
5. Bender, M. L. (1983), Pore water chemistry of the mounds hydrothermal field, Galapagos Spreading Center: Results from Glomar Challenger piston coring, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1049-1056.
6. Bredehoeft, J. D., and I. S. Papadopulos (1965), Rates of vertical groundwater movement estimated from the Earth's thermal profile, Water Resour. Res., 1, 325-328.
7. Bullard, E. C. (1954), The flow of heat through the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 222, 408-429.
8. Davis, E. E., and K. Becker (2002), Observations of natural-state fluid pressures and temperatures in young oceanic crust and inferences regarding hydrothermal circulation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 204, 231-248.
9. Davis, E. E., et al. (1992), FlankFlux: An experiment to study the nature of hydrothermal circulation in young sea floor, Can. J. Earth Sci., 29, 925-952.
10. Davis, E. E., et al. (1997a), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, vol.168, Ocean Drill. Program, College Station, Tex.
11. Davis,E.E.,D.S.Chapman,H.Villinger,S.Robinson, J. Grigel, A. Rosenberger, and D. Pribnow (1997b), Seafloor heat flow on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Data from "Flankflux" studies through 1995, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program, Initial Rep., 168, 22-33.
12. Davis, E. E., K. Wang, K. Becker, and R. E. Thomson (2000), Formation-scale hydraulic and mechanical properties of oceanic crust inferred from pore pressure response to periodic seafloor loading, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 13,423-13,435.
13. Davis, E. E., K. Wang, R. E. Thomson, K. Becker, and J. F. Cassidy (2001), An episode of seafloor spreading and associated plate deformation inferred from crustal fluid pressure transients, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 21,953-21,963.
14. 226Ra and 222Rn contents of Galapagos Rift hydro-thermal waters: The importance of low-temperature interactions with crustal rocks, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 64, 417-419.
15. Fisher, A. T. (1998), Permeability within basaltic oceanic crust, Rev. Geophys., 36, 143-182.
16. Fisher, A. T., and K. Becker (1995), Correlation between seafloor heat flow and basement relief: Observational and numerical examples and implications for upper crustal permeability, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12,641-12,657.
17. Fisher, A. T., K. Becker, and E. E. Davis (1997), The permeability of young oceanic crust east of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, as determined using borehole thermal measurements, Geo- phys. Res. Lett., 24, 1311-1314.
18. Fisher, A. T., et al. (2003a), Hydrothermal recharge and discharge across 50 km guided by seamounts on a young ridge flank, Nature, 421, 618-621.
19. Fisher, A. T., C. A. Stein, R. N. Harris, K. Wang, E. A. Silver, M. Pfender, M. Hutnak, A. Cherkaoui, R. Bodzin, and H. Villinger (2003b), Abrupt thermal transition reveals hydrothermal boundary and role of seamounts within the Cocos Plate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(11), 1550, doi:10.1029/2002GL016766.
20. Fornari, D. J., and R. W. Embley (1995), Tectonic and volcanic controls on hydrothermal processes at the mid-ocean ridge: An overview based on near-bottom and submersible studies, in Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geological Interactions, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.91, edited by S. Humphris et al., pp. 1-46, AGU, Washington, D. C.
21. 222Rn above the Cleft segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5007-5015.
22. Giambalvo, E. R., A. T. Fisher, J. T. Martin, L. Darty, and R. P. Lowell (2000), Origin of elevated sediment permeability in a hydrothermal seepage zone, eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and implications for transport of fluid and heat, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 913-928.
23. Green, K. E., R. P. Von Herzen, and D. L. Williams (1981), The Galapagos Spreading Center at 86°W: A detailed geothermal field study, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 979-986.
24. Hardee, H. C., and D. W. Larson (1980), Thermal techniques for characterizing magma body geometries, Geothermics, 9, 237-249.
25. Henstock, T. J., A. W. Woods, and R. S. White (1993), The accretion of oceanic crust by episodic sill intrusion, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 4143-4161.
26. Kadko, D., and W. Moore (1988), Radiochemical constraints on the crustal residence time of submarine hydrothermal fluids: Endeavour Ridge, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 659-668.
27. Karsten, J. L., N. Becker, M. J. Mottl, and C. G. Wheat (1998), Petrology of Baby Bare and Mama Bare lavas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 117-120.
28. Li, Y.-H., and S. Gregory (1974), Diffusion of ions in sea water and in deep-sea sediments, Geochim. Cosmoshim. Acta, 38, 703-714.
29. Lister, C. R. B. (1972), On the thermal balance of a mid-ocean ridge, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 26, 515-535.
30. McManus, J., T. F. Nägler, C. Siebert, C. G. Wheat, and D. E. Hammond (2002), Oceanic molybdenum isotope fractionation: Diagenesis and hydrothermal ridge-flank alteration, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3, 1078, doi:10.1029/2002GC000356.
31. Mottl, M. J., et al. (1998), Warm springs discovered on 3.5 Ma-old oceanic crust, eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Geology, 26, 51-54.
32. Rosenberg, N., J. E. Lupton, D. Kadko, R. Collier, M. D. Lilley, and H. Pak (1988), Estimation of heat and chemical fluxes from a seafloor hydrothermal vent field using radon measurements, Nature, 334, 604-607.
33. Sclater, J. G., C. Jaupart, and D. Galson (1980), The heat flow through oceanic and continental crust and the heat loss of the earth, Rev. Geophys., 18, 269-311.
34. Sleep, N. H., and T. J. Wolery (1978), Egress of hot water from midocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Some thermal constraints, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5913-5922.
35. Spinelli, G. A., and A. T. Fisher (2004), Hydrothermal circulation within topographically rough basaltic basement on the Juan de Fuca Ridge flank, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q02001, doi:10.1029/2003GC000616.
36. Stein, C. A., and S. Stein (1994), Constraints on hydrothermal heat flux through the oceanic lithosphere from global heat flow, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3081-3095.
37. Stein, J. S., A. T. Fisher, M. Langseth, W. Jin, G. Iturrino, and E. Davis (1998), Fine-scale heat flow, shallow heat sources, and decoupled circulation systems at two sea-floor hydro-thermal sites, Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge, Geology, 26, 1115-1118.
38. Thompson, G. (1983), Basalt-seawater interaction, in Hydro-thermal Processes at Seafloor Spreading Centers, edited by P. A. Rona et al., pp. 225-278, Plenum, New York.
39. Thomson, R. E., E. E. Davis, and B. J. Burd (1995), Hydro-thermal venting and geothermal heating in Cascadia Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6121-6141.
40. Villinger, H., and E. E. Davis (1987), A new reduction algorithm for marine heat flow measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 12,846-12,856.
41. Villinger, H., I. Grevemeyer, N. Kaul, J. Hauschild, and M. Pfender (2002), Hydrothermal heat flux through aged oceanic crust: Where does the heat escape?, Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett., 202(1), 159-170.
42. Wang, K., J. He, and E. E. Davis (1997), Influence of basement topography on hydrothermal circulation in sediment- buried igneous oceanic crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 146, 151-164.
43. Wheat, C. G., and R. E. McDuff (1995), Mapping the fluid flow of the Mariana Mounds off-axis hydrothermal system: Pore water chemical tracers, J. Geophys. Res., 100,8115-8131.
44. Wheat, C. G., and M. J. Mottl (1994), Hydrothermal circulation, Juan de Fuca Ridge eastern flank: Factors controlling basement water composition, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3067-3080.
45. Wheat, C. G., and M. J. Mottl (2000), Composition of pore and spring waters from Baby Bare: Global implications of geochemical fluxes from a ridge flank hydrothermal system, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 64, 629-642.
46. Wheat, C. G., M. J. Mottl, E. T. Baker, R. A. Feely, J. E. Lupton, F. J. Sansone, J. A. Resing, G. T. Lebon, and N. C. Becker (1997), Chemical anomalies in the water column from low-temperature hydrothermal venting on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 15,433-15,446.
47. Wheat, C. G., H. Elderfield, M. J. Mottl, and C. Monnin (2000), Chemical composition of basement fluids within an oceanic ridge flank: Implications for along-strike and across-strike hydrothermal circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 13,437-13,447.
48. Wheat, C. G., M. J. Mottl, and M. Rudniki (2002), Trace element and REE composition of a low-temperature ridge flank hydrothermal spring, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 3693-3705.
49. Williams, D. L., K. Green, T. H. van Andel, R. P. Von Herzen, J. R. Dymond, and K. Crane (1979), The hydrothermal mounds of the Galapagos Rift: Observations with DSRV Alvin and detailed heat flow studies, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 7467-7484.