Passive cigarette smoke exposure in primary school children in Liverpool

Public Health

Volumn 120, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 65-69

  Delpisheh, A ^a   Kelly, Y ^b   Brabin, B J ^a,c  

^a LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Children; Cotinine; Passive smoking

Indexed keywords

COTININE;

SMOKING;

ARTICLE; CHILD; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FATHER; FEMALE; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; MALE; MOTHER; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; PASSIVE SMOKING; PRIMARY SCHOOL; PUBLIC HEALTH; REGIONALIZATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SALIVA ANALYSIS; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIOECONOMICS; UNITED KINGDOM;

CHILD; CHILD WELFARE; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COTININE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ENGLAND; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; MALE; SALIVA; SCHOOLS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; TOBACCO SMOKE POLLUTION;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 29544436482     PISSN: 00333506     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2005.05.003     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Second hand smoke and family health. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco, 2003.
2. M.J. Jarvis E. Goddard V. Higgins C. Feyerabend A. Bryant D.G. Cook Children's exposure to passive smoking in England since the 1980s: cotinine evidence from population surveys BMJ 321 2000 343-345
3. Board of Science and Education and Tobacco Control, R.C. Smoking and reproductive life. The impact of smoking on sexual, reproductive and child health 2004 British Medical Association Edinburgh [http://www.bma.org.uk]
4. X. Wang I.B. Tager H. Van Vunakis F.E. Speizer J.P. Hanrahan Maternal smoking during pregnancy, urine cotinine concentrations, and birth outcomes. A prospective cohort study Int J Epidemiol 26 1997 978-988
5. World Health Organization Tobacco free initiative. International consolation on environmental tobacco smoke and child health report 1999 WHO Geneva
6. P. Tutka M. Wielosz W. Zatonski Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and children health Int J Occup Med Environ Health 15 2002 325-335
7. Royal College of Physicians Smoking and the young, London 1992
8. Chief Medical Officer (CMO) Annual Report 2002. Health check. Available at http://www.publications.doh.gov.uk/cmo/annualreport2002/pdf/smoke.pdf.
9. G. Cook P.H. Whincup M.J. Jarvis D.P. Strachan O. Papacosta A. Bryant Passive exposure to tobacco smoke in children aged 5-7 years: individual, family, and community factors BMJ 308 1994 384-389
10. General Household Survey Living in Britain 1998 Office of National Statistics London
11. M.Y. Chang A.D. Hogan G.P. Rakes J.M. Ingram G.E. Hoover T.A. Platts-Mills et al. Salivary cotinine levels in children presenting with wheezing to an emergency department Pediatr Pulmonol 29 2000 257-263
12. G.E. Matt D.R. Wahlgren M.F. Hovell J.M. Zakarian J.T. Bernert S.B. Meltzer Measuring environmental tobacco smoke exposure in infants and young children through urine cotinine and memory-based parental reports: empirical findings and discussion Tob Control 8 1999 282-289
13. L. Irvine I.K. Crombie R.A. Clark P.W. Slane K.E. Goodman C. Feyerabend et al. What determines levels of passive smoking in children with asthma? Thorax 52 1997 766-769
14. N.L. Benowitz Cotinine as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure Epidemiol Rev 18 1996 188-204
15. M.S. Jaakkola J. Ma G. Yang M.F. Chin N.L. Benowitz M. Ceraso et al. Determinants of salivary cotinine concentrations in Chinese male smokers Prev Med 36 2003 282-290
16. J. Kim U.S. Shin H.S. Shin Rapid monitoring method of active and passive smoker with saliva cotinine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Bull Korean Chem Soc 23 2002 1496-1498
17. K. Phillips M.C. Bentley M. Abrar D.A. Howard J. Cook Low level saliva cotinine determination and its application as a biomarker for environmental tobacco smoke exposure Hum Exp Toxicol 18 1999 291-296
18. L. Owen A. McNeill Saliva cotinine as indicator of cigarette smoking in pregnant women Addiction 96 2001 1001-1006
19. Kelly Y. Risk factors for respiratory morbidity in primary school children in Merseyside. PhD Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997.
20. P. Townsend P. Phillimore R. Saracci Health and deprivation. Inequality and the North 1988 Croom Helm London
21. Y. Kelly B.J. Brabin P.J. Milligan J.A. Reid D. Heaf M.G. Pearson Clinical significance of cough and wheeze in the diagnose of asthma Arch Dis Child 75 1996 489-493
22. A. Mielck H. Brenner Children's exposure to parental smoking in West Germany Int J Epidemiol 22 1993 818-823