Sea-level changes in the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) and their effects on the phenotype evolution and dimorphism of the ammonite genus Sowerbyceras (Phylloceratina) and other ammonoid faunas from the distal pelagic swell area of the "Trento Plateau" (Southern Alps, Northern Italy)

GeoActa

Volumn 2, Issue , 2003, Pages 115-144

  Sarti, Carlo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Ammonites; Evolution; Kimmeridgian; Northern Italy; Sea level changes; Sowerbyceras

Indexed keywords

AMMONITE; DIMORPHISM; EVOLUTION; JURASSIC; KIMMERIDGIAN; SEA LEVEL CHANGE;

EURASIA; EUROPE; ITALY; SOUTHERN EUROPE; TRENTINO-ALTO ADIGE; TRENTO;

EID: 2942748132     PISSN: 17218039     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. ALMERAS, Y., ELMI, S., 1982. Fluctuations des peuplements d'amanonites et de brachiopodes en liaison avec les variations bathymétriques pendant le Jurassique inférieur et moyen en Méditerranée occidentale. Bollettino Società Paleontologica Italiana 21 (2-3), 169-188.
2. ARKELL, W.J., 1950. A classification of the Jurassic Ammonites. Journal of Paleontology 24, 354-364.
3. BATT, R.J., 1989. Ammonite shell morphotype distributions in the Western Interior Greenhorn Sea and some paleoecological implications. Palaios 4, 32-42.
4. BAYER, U., MCGHEE, G.R. JR., 1984. Iterative evolution of middle Jurassic ammonite faunas. Lethaia 17, 1-16.
5. BECKER, R.T., 1993. Anoxia, eustatic changes, and Upper Devonian to lowermost Carboniferous global ammonoid diversity. In: House M.R. (Ed.), The Ammnonoidea: Environment, Ecology and Evolutionary Change. The Systematics Association Special Volume 47, 115-163.
6. BERNOULLI, D., PETERS, T., 1970. Traces of rhyolitic-trachytic volcanism in the Upper Jurassic of the Southern Alps. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae 63 (2), 609-621.
7. BERNOULLI, D., PETERS, T., 1974. Traces of rhyolitic-trachitic volcanism in the Upper Jurassic of the Southern Alps. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae 67 (1), 209-213.
8. BOLETZKY, S.V., 1974. Effet de la sous-nutrition prolongée sur le développement de la coquille de Sepia officinalis L. (Mollusca, Cephalopoda). Bullettin Societé Zoologique de France 99 (4), 667-673
9. BOLETZKY, S.V., 1981. Reflexion sur les strategies de reproduction chez les cephalopodes. Bullettin Société Zoologique de France 106 (3), 293-304.
10. BOLETZKY, S.V., 1983. Sepia officinalis. In: Boyle P.R. (Ed.), Cephalopod Life Cycles 1, 31-52. Academy Press, New York.
11. BUCHER, H., LANDMAN, N.H., KLOFAK, S.M., GUEK J., 1996. Mode and Rate of Growth in Ammonoids. In: Landman, N.H., et al. (eds), Ammonoid Paleobiology, 407-461. Plenum Press, New York.
12. CALLOMON, J.H., 1955. The ammonite succession in the Lower Oxford Clay and Kellaways beds at Kidlington, Oxfordshire, and the zones of the Callovian stage. Phylosophical Transaction (Biological Sciences) Royal Society 239, 215-264.
13. CALLOMON, J.H., 1985. The evolution of the Jurassic Ammonite family Cardioceratidae. Special Papers in Palaeontolology 33, 49-90.
14. CARACUEL, J., 1996. Asociaciones de Megainvertebrados, Evolucion Ecosedimentaria e Interpretacion Ecoestratigraficas en Umbrales Epiacearacos del Tethys Occidental (Jurasico Superior). PhD Thesis, Universidad Granada, 1-474.
15. CARACUEL, J., OLORIZ, F., SARTI, C., 1997. Environmental evolution during the Upper Jurassic at Lavatrone (Trento Plateau, Italy). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 135, 163-177.
16. CARACUEL, J., OLORIZ, F., SARTI, C. (with the collaboration of Ceregato, A.), 1998. Updated biostratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian and Lower Tithonian at Lavarone (Trento Plateau, Italy). Correlation for epioceanic Western Tethys. Geologica et Palaeontologica 32, 235-251.
17. CARIOU, E., HANTZPERGUE, P., 1988. Modalités et taux d'evolution des Ammonoidea en relation avec les environments: examples dans le Jurassique de la marge européenne de la Téthys. Compte Rendus Académie de Sciences de Paris 307 (II), 1037-1043.
18. CATULLO, T.A., 1853. Intomo ad una nuova classificazione delle calcarie rosse ammonitiche delle Alpi Venete. Memorie Regio Istiluto Veneto Scienze, Letteratura ed Arti 5, 1-57.
19. CECCA, F., 1992. Ammonite habitats in the early Tithonian of Western Tethys. Lethaia 25, 257-267.
20. 0 Convegno Internazionale "Fossili, Evoluzione, Ambiente", 63-139, Ancona.
21. CECCA, F, FOZY, I., WIERZBOWSKY, A., 1990. Signification paléoécologique des faunes d'ammonites du Tithonique inférieur de la Téthys occidentale. Compte Rendus Académie de Sciences de Paris 311, 501-507.
22. CECCA, F, FOZY, I., WIERZBOWSKY, A., 1993. Ammonites et Paléoécologic: étude quantitative d'associations du Tithonien inférieur de la Tethys Occidentale. Geobios Mémoires Speciale 15, 39-48.
23. CHECA, A., OLOR1Z, F., 1988. Ecological dynamics of Upper Jurassic ammonites (Aspidoceratidae: AspIdoceratinae and Physodoceratinae). In: Wiedmann, J., Kullmann, J. (Eds.), Cephalopods Present and Past, 413424. Schaveizerbart, Stuttgart.
24. CHECA, A., WESTERMANN, G.E.G., 1989. Segmental growth in planulate ammonites: inferences on costal function. Lethaia 22, 95-100.
25. Q Convegno Internazionale "Fossili, Evoluzione, Ambiente", 151-162, Ancona.
26. CLARI, P.A., MARTIRE, L., PAVIA, G., 1991. Il significato stratigrafico della sezione di Cima Campo di Luserna (Giurassico delle Alpi Meridionali, Italia Nord orientate). Palaeopelagos 1, 56-65.
27. COOPER, M.R. , KENNEDY, W.J., 1987. A revision of the Puzosiinae (Cretaceous Ammonites) of the Cambridge Greensand. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 174 (1), 105-121.
28. DAGYS, A.S., WEITSCHAT, W., 1993. Extensive intraspecific variation in a Triassic ammonoid from Siberia. Lethaia 26,113-121.
29. DOYLE, P., MACDONALD, D.I.M., 1993. Belemnite Batflefields. Lethaia 26, 65-80.
30. DUMORTIER, E., FONTANNES, F., 1876. Description des ammonites de la Zone à Ammonites tenuilobatus de Crussol (Ardèche) et de quelques autres fossiles Jurassique nouveaux on peu connus. Memoires Academic de Lyon 31, 5-159.
31. FERNANDEZ-LOPEZ, S., MELENDEZ, G., 1994. Dispersion biogeografica y tafonomica de ammonoideos filoceratinos hacia la Cuenca Iberica durante el Jurasico Medio. Coloquias de Paleontologia 46, 129-149.
32. FERNANDEZ-LOPEZ, S. , MELENDEZ, G.,1996. Phylloceratina ammonoids in the Iberian Basin during the middle Jurassic: a model of biogeographical and taphonomic dispersal related to relative sea-level changes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 120, 291-302.
33. FRENCH GROUP FOR JURASSIC STUDIES, 1997. Biostratigraphie du Jurassique Ouest-Européen et Méditerranée (Cariou, E., Hantzpergue, P., Eds.). Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Elf Exploration Production 17.
34. GRACIANSKY, P.C., JACQUIN, T., HESSELBO, S.P., 1998. The Ligurian cycle: an overview of Lower Jurassic 2nd order transgressive-regressive facies cycles in western Europe. In: Graciansky. P. C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, T., Farley, M.,Vail, P.R. (eds), Mesozoic-Cenozoic Sequence Strangraphy of European Basins, Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication (SEPM) 60, 468-479.
35. GUEX, J., 1981. Quelques cas de dimorphisme chez les ammonoides du Lias inférieur. Bulletin des Laboratoires de Géologie, Minéralogie et du Musée Geologique de l'Université de Lausanne 258, 239-248.
36. GUEX, J., 1992. Origine des sauts évolutifs chez les ammonites. Bulletin Societé Vaudoise Sciences Naturalles 82 (2),117-144.
37. HALLAM, A., 1975. Jurassic Environments. Cambridge Univ. Press, 269 pp., Cambridge.
38. HALLAM, A., 1977. Jurassic Bivalve biogeography. Paleobiology 3,58-73.
39. HALLAM, A., 1978. How rare is phyletic gradualism and what is its evolutionary significance ? Evidence from Jurassic bivalves. Paleobiolagy 4,16-25.
40. HALLAM, A., 1987. Radiations and extinctions in relation to environmental change in the marine Lower Jurassic of northwest Europe. Paleobiology 13(2),152-168.
41. HALLAM, A., 1990. Biotic and abiotic factors in the evolution of early Mesozoic marine molluscs. In: Ross R.M., Allmon W.D. (Eds.), Causes of Evolution: A Paleontological Perspective, 249-268. Univ. Chicago.
42. HALLAM, A., 2001. A review of the broad pattern of Jurassic sea-level changes and their possible causes in the light of current knowledge. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 167 (1-2), 23-37.
43. HANTZPERGUE, P., ATROPS, F., ENAY, R., 1997. Kimméridgien. In: Cariou, E., Hantzpergue, P. (Eds-), French Group for Jurassic Studies; Biostratigraphie du Jurassique Ouest-Européen et Méditerranéen. Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Elf Exploration Production 17, 87-96.
44. HAQ, B.U., HARDENBOL, J., VAIL, P., 1987. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science 235, 1156-1167.
45. HAQ, B.U., HARDENBOL, K., VAIL, P., 1988. Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and eustatic cycles. In: Wilgus, C.K. et al (Eds.), Sea-Level Changes. An Integrated Approach. Society Economic Paleontologist Mineralogist, Special Pubbication 42, 71-108.
46. HAVEN, N., 1977. The reproductive biology of Nautilus pompilus in the Philippines. Marine Biology 42, 177-194.
47. HEWITT, R.A., STAIT, B., 1988. Seasonal variation in septal spacing of Sepia officinalis and some Ordovician actinocerid nautiloids. Leduria 21, 383-394.
48. HEWITT, R.A., WESTERMANN G.E.G., 1986. Function of complexly fluted septa in ammonoid shells. II. Septal evolution and conclusions. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paléontologie - Abhandllungen 174,135-169.
49. rd order in the lowest Cretaceous. Cretaceous Research 16, 231-241.
50. HOUSE, M.R., 1993. Fluctuations in ammonoid evolution and possible environmental controls. In: House M.R. (Ed.), The Ammonoidea: Environment, Ecology and Evolutionary Change, The Systematics Association Special Volume 47, 13-34.
51. JABLONSKI, D., 1980. Apparent versus real biotic effects of transgressions and regressions. Paleobiology 6(4), 397-407.
52. JACOBS, D.K., 1992. Shape, drag and power in ammonoid swimming. Paleobiology 18 (2), 203-220.
53. JOLY, B., 1976. Les Phylloceratidae malgaches au Jurassique. Generalités sur les Phylloceratidae et quelques Juraphyllitidae.
54. Documents Laboratoires Giologie Faculté des Sciences de Lyon 67, 1-471.
55. JOLY, B., 2000. Les Juraphyllitidae, Phylloceratidae, Neophylloceratidae de France an Jurassique et an Crétacé. Mémoires Société Giologique de France 174 (co-édition avec Geabios 23), 5-204.
56. KENNEDY, W.J., COBBAN, W.A., 1976. Aspects of Ammonite biology, Biogeography, and Biostratigraphy. Special Papers in Palaeontology 17, 1-94.
57. LANDMAN, N.H., WAAGE, K.M., 1993. Scaphitid ammonites of the upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Fox Hills Formation in South Dakota and Wyoming. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History 215, 3-257.
58. LANDMAN, N.H., DOMMERGUES, J.L., MARCHAND, D., 1991. The complex nature of progenetic species - examples from Mesozoic ammonites. Lethaia 24, 409-421.
59. LAURIN, B., 1986. Hétérochronies, variabilité morphologique et tendances évolutives chez les brachiopodes jurassiques. Colloquies Internation. CNRS Dijon, 299-314.
60. LEHMANN, U., 1981. The Ammonites, their life and their world, Cambridge University Press, 246 pp.
61. LEONARDO DA VINCI, 1505. Codice Leicester, 243 pp., G.Calvi Ed., Milan, 1909.
62. MAKOWSKY, H., 1962. Problem of Sexual Dimorphism in Ammonites, Palaeontologia Polonica 12, 1-92.
63. MARCHAND, D., THIERRY, J., TINTANT, H., 1985. Influence des seuils et des hauts-fonds sur la morphologic et l'évolution des Ammonoidés. Bulletin Section Science IX, 191-202.
64. MARCINOWSKY, R., 1980. Cenomanian ammonites from German Democratic Republic, Poland, and the Soviet Union. Acta Geologica Polonica 30 (3).
65. MARQUES, B., OLORIZ, F., RODRIGUEZ-TOVAR, F. J., 1991. Interaction between tectonics and eustasy during the Upper Jurassic and lowermost Cretaceous. Examples from the South of Iberia. Bulletin Société Gélogique de France 162 (6), 1009-1024.
66. MARTIRE, L., 1988. Etá, dinamica deposizionale e possibile organizzazione sequenziale del Rosso Ammonitico dell'Altopiano di Asiago (VI). Rendiconti Societŕe Geologica Italiana 11, 231-2,36.
67. MARTIRE, L., 1992. Sequence stratigraphy and condensed pelagic sediments - An example from the Ammonitico Rosso Veronese, northern Italy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 94, 169-191.
68. MATYIA, B.A., 1986. Developmental polymorphism in Oxfordian ammonites. Acta Geologica Polonica 36 (1-3), 37-68.
69. MATYIA, B.A., WIERZBOWSKL A., 2000. Biological response of ammonites to changing environmental conditions : an example of Boreal Amoebocenas invasions into Submediterranean province during Late Oxfordian. Acta Geologica Polonica 50 (1), 45-54.
70. MIGNOT, Y., 1993. Un problème de paléobiologie chez les Ammonoides (Cephalopoda): croissance et miniaturisation en liason avec les environments. Documents Laboratoires Géologie Faculté des Sciences de Lyon 124, 1-113.
71. MOUTERDE, R., CHEVALIER, T., CORNA, M., SADKI, D., 1990. Variations eustatiques et évolution des ammonites au Lias et au Bajocien. Bulletin Société Géologique de France 6/6, 985-988.
72. NEUMAYR, M., 1873. Die Fauna der Schichten mit Aspidocerus acanthicum.Abhandlungen der K.K. Geologische Reichsanstralt 5 (6), 141-258.
73. NIXON, M., 1983. Teuthowenia nugalops. In: Boyle P.R. (Ed.), Cephalopod Life Cycles 1, 233-247. Academy Press, New York.
74. O' DOR, R.K., 1983. Illex: illecebrosus. In : Boyle P.R. (Ed.), Cephalopod Life Cycles 1, 175-199 Academy Press, New York.
75. Q Convegno Internazionale "Fossili, Evoluzione, Ambiente", 1-9, Pergola.
76. Q Convegno Intemazionale "Fossi, Evoluzione, Ambiente", 417-426, Pergola.
77. OLORIZ, F., RODRIGUEZ-TOVAR, J.F., MARQUES, B., CARACUEL, J.E., 1993a. Ecostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy in high frequency sea level fluctuations: examples from Jurassic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 101, 131-145.
78. OLORIZ, F., SARTI, C., TAVERA, J.M., 1993b. Simospiticeras (Ammonitina): una forma rara ma tipica net Titoniano superiore della Tetide Mediterranea. Bollettino Società Paleontologica Italiana 3212, 265-275.
79. OLORIZ, F., CARACUEL, J., RODRIGUEZ-TOVAR, F., 1995. Using Ecostraligraphic Trends in Sequence Stratigraphy. In: Haq, B.U. (ed.), Sequence Stratigraphy and Depositional Response to Eustatic, Tectonic and Climatic Forcing. Kluwer Acad. Publ., 59-85.
80. OLORIZ, F., CARACUEL, J., RUIZ-HERAS, J.J., RODRIGUEZ-TOVAR, F.J., MARQUES, B., 1996. Ecostratigraphic approaches, sequence stratigraphy proposals and block tectonics: Examples from epioceanic swell areas in South and East Iberia. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 121 (3-4), 273-295.
81. OLÓRIZ, F., PALMQVIST, P., PÉREZ-CLAROS, J.A.,1997. Shell features, main colonized environments, and fractal analysis of sutures in Late Jurassic ammonites. Lethaia 30, 191-204.
82. OLÓRIZ, F., VILLASEN̄OR, A.B., GONZÁLEZ-ARREOLA, C., 2000. Geographic control on phenotype expresión. The case of Hybonoticeras mundulum (Oppel) from the Mexican Altiplano. Lethaia 33, 157-174.
83. OPPEL, A., 1862-63. Ueber Jurassische Cephalopoden. Palaeontologische Mittelungen Kgl. Bayerische Staatsamulung 1 (3), 127-266.
84. PARONA, C.F. , BONARELLI, G.,1895. Sur la faune du Callovien inféricur (Chanazien) de Savoie. Mimaires de l'Académie de Savoie IV (6),183 pp.
85. PAVIA, G., BENETIT, A., MINETTI, C., 1987. Il Rosso Ammonitico dei Monti Lessini Veronesi (Italia NE). Faune ad ammoniti e discontinuità stratigrafiche net Kimmeridgiano inferiore. Bollettino Società Paleontologica Italiana 26 (1-2), 63-92,.
86. PILLET, L., FROMENTEL, E. de, 1875. Description géologique et paléontologique de la Colline de Lémenc sur Chambéry. Mémoires de l'Académie de Savoie 1, 1-193.
87. RAWSON, P.F., 1993. The influence of sea-level changes on the migration and evolution of early Cretaceous (pre-Aptian) ammonites. In: House M.R. (Ed.),The Ammonoidea: Environment, Ecology and Evolutionary Change. Systematic Association Special Volume 47, 227-242.
88. REILLY, S.M., WILEY, E.O, MEINHARD, D.J., 1997. An integrative approach to heterochrony: the distinction between interspecific and intraspecific phenomena. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 60/1, 119-143.
89. SADLER, P., 1993. Models of time-averaging as a maturation process: How soon do sedimentary sections escape reworking?. Paleontological Society Short Course Paleontology 6, 188-209.
90. SARTI, C., 1985. Biostratigraphie et faune a ammonites du Jurassique supérieur de la plate-forme atesine (Formation du Rosso Ammonitico, Véronais). Revuè de Paléobiologie, 4 (2 ), 321-330.
91. SARTI, C., 1986a. Fauna e biostratigrafia del Rosso Ammonitico del Trentino centrale (Kimmeridgiano - Titoniano). Bollettino Società Paleontologica Italiana 23 (3), 473-514.
92. Q Convegno Internazionale "Fossili, Evoluzione, Ambiente" , 63-66, Pergola.
93. SARTI, C., 1988. Biostratigraphic subdivision for the Upper Jurassic of the Venetian Alps (northern Italy) on the basis of ammonites. In: 2nd International Symposium on Jurassic Stratigraphy, 459-476, Lisboa.
94. SARTI, C., 1990a. Taxonomic revision of the Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) genus Mesosimoceras (Ammonoidea) and the institution of the new genus Presimoceras (Ammonitina, Idoceratinae). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 64 (1/2), 39-55.
95. 0 Convegno Intermazionale "Fossili, Evoluzione, Ambiente", Pergola, 427-439, Ostra Vetere (AN).
96. SARTI, C., 1993. Il Kimmeridgiano delle Prealpi Veneto-Trentine. Fauna e Biostratigrafia. Memorie Museo Civico Storia Naturale Verona. Sezione Scienze della Terra 5, 204 pp., Verona.
97. SARTI, C., 1999. Whorl width in the body chamber of Ammonites as a sign of Dimorphism. In: Oloriz, F., Rodriguez-Tovar, F.J. (Eds.): Advancing Research on Living and Fossil Cephalopods, 315-332. Kluwer Acad. / Plenum Publ., New York.
98. SARTI, C., 2OD2. Revision of the upper Jurassic Ammonites of the Gemmellaro collections: Sowerbyceras, Glochiceras, Benacoceras, Trenerites, Presimoceras, Mesosimoceras, Nebrodites, Pseudosimoceras, Progeronia. In Pavia, G., Cresta, S. (Eds.): Revision of Jurassic Ammonites of the Gemmellaro collections, Quaderni Musea Geologico "G. G. Gemmellaro" 6, 406 pp., Palermo.
99. SAUNDERS, B.W., SPINOSA, C., 1978. Sexual dimorphism in Nautilus from Palau. Paleobiology 4/3, 349-358.
100. SILBERLING, N.J., 1959. Pre-Tertiary Stratigraphy and upper Triassic Palaeontology of the Union District, Shoshone Mountains, Nevada. Geological Survey Professional Papers 322, 1-67.
101. STANLEY, S.M., 1978. Macroevolution: Pattern and Process. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD.
102. STENZEL, H.B., 1952. Living Nautilus. In: Moore, R.C.(Ed.), Treatise invertebrate Paleontology, Nautiloidea H, 2-19.
103. STEVENS, G.R., 1990. The influence of palaeogeography, tectonism and eustasy on faunal development in the Jurassic of New Zealand. In: PALLINI, G. et al. (Eds), Atti 2○ Convegno Internazionale "Fossili, Evoluzione, Ambiente", 441-457; Ostra Vetere (AN).
104. STEVENS, G.R., 1997. The Late Jurassic Ammonite Fauna of New Zealand. Institute of Geology and Nuclear Sciences. Monograph 18, 260 pp., Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
105. VALENTINE, J.W.,1968. Climatic regulation of species diversification and extinction. Geological Society American Bulletin 79, 273-276.
106. VERMEIJ, G.J., 1978. Biogeography and Adaptation: Patterns of marine Life. Harvard Univ. Press, 332 pp., Cambridge.
107. 0 Convegno Internazionale "Fossili Evoluzione, Ambiente", Pergola, 459-478; Ostra Vetere (AN).
108. WESTERMANN, G.E.G., 1993. Global bio-events in mid-Jurassic ammonites controlled by seaways. In: House, M.R. (ed.), The Ammmonoidea: Environment, Ecology and Evolutionary change. Systematics Association Special Volume 47, 187-226
109. WESTERMANN, G.E.G., 1996. Ammonoid life and habitat. In: Landman, N. et al. (eds.), Ammonoid Paleobiology, Topics in Geobiology 13, 608-710. Plenum press; New York.
110. WIEDMANN, J., 1973. Evolution or revolution of ammonoids at mesozoic system boundaries. Biology Review 48, 159-194.
111. WIEDMANN, J., BOLETZKY, S.V., 1982. Wachstum und differenzierung des Schlups von Sepia officinalis unterkuenstlichen Aufzuchtbedingungen-Grenzen der Anwendung im palaolsologischen Modell. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie and Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 164 (1-2), 118-133.
112. WILLIAMSON, P.G., 1981. Paleontological dommentation of speciation in Cenozoic mollusks from Turkana bwin. Nature 293, 437-443.
113. YACOBUCCI, M.M., 1999. Plasticity of developmental timing as the underlying cause of high speciation rates in ammonoids. In: Oloriz, F., Rodriguez-Tovar, F.J. (Eds.): Advancing Research on Living and Fossil Cephalopods, 59-73. Kluwer Acad./Plenum PubL, New York.
114. ZITTEL, K. A., 1870. Die Fauna der Aefteren Cephalopodenfuehrenden Tithonbildungen. Palaentographica 1, 9-117.