Cr-spinel compositions, metadunite petrology, and the petrotectonic history of Blue Ridge ophiolites, Southern Appalachian Orogen, USA

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 218, Issue , 2004, Pages 253-278

  Raymond, Loren A ^a   Swanson, Samuel E ^b   Love, Anthony B ^a   Allan, James F ^a  

^a APPALACHIAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DUNITE; METAMORPHISM; OPHIOLITE; SPINEL; TACONIC OROGENY; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;

APPALACHIANS; BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

IMPLETA;

EID: 2942640014     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.218.01.14     Document Type: Article

References (135)

1. ABBOTT, R.N. JR & GREENWOOD, J.P. 2001. Retrograde metamorphism of eclogite in the southern Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A.-a case involving seamount subduction? Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 19, 433-443.
2. ABBOTT, R.N. JR & RAYMOND, L.A. 1984. The Ashe Metamorphic Suite, northwest North Carolina; metamorphism and observations on geologic history, American Journal of Science, 284, 350-375.
3. ABBOTT, R.N. JR & RAYMOND, L.A. 1997. Petrology of pelitic and mafic rocks in the Ashe and Alligator Back Metamorphic Suites, northwest of the Grandfather Mountain Window. In: STEWART, K.G., ADAMS, M.G. & TRUPE, C.H. (eds) Paleozoic Structure, Metamorphism, and Tectonics of the Blue Ridge of Western North Carolina. Carolina Geological Society, 1997 Field Trip and Annual Meeting, 87-101.
4. ABSHER, B.S. & MCSWEEN, H.Y. JR 1985. Granulites at Winding Stair Gap, North Carolina: the thermal axis of Paleozoic metamorphism in the southern Appalachians. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 96, 588-599.
5. ADAMS, M.G. & TRUPE, C.H. 1997. Conditions and timing of metamorphism in the Blue Ridge Thrust Complex, northwestern North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. In: STEWART, K.G., ADAMS, M.G. & TRUPE, C.H. (eds) Paleozoic Structure, Metamorphism, and Tectonics of the Blue Ridge of Western North Carolina. Carolina Geological Society, 1997 Field Trip Guidebook, 33-47.
6. ADAMS, M.G., STEWART, K.G., TRUPE, C.H. & WILLARD, R.A. 1995. Tectonic significance of high-pressure metamorphic rocks and dextral strike-slip faulting in the southern Appalachians. In: HIBBARD, J., VAN STAAL, C.R., CAWOOD, P. & COLMANSADD, S. (eds) Current Perspectives in the Appalachian-Coledonian Orogen. Geological Association of Canada, Special Papers, 41, 21-42.
7. ALLAN, J.F. & DICK, H.J.B. 1996. Cr-rich spinel as a tracer for melt migration and melt-wall rock interaction in the mantle: Hess Deep, leg 147. In: GILLIS, M.C., ALLAN, J.F. & MEYER, P.S. (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 147. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 157-172.
8. ARAI, S. 1997a. Control of wall-rock composition on the formation of podiform chromitites as a result of magma/peridotite interaction. Resource Geology, 47, 77-187.
9. ARAI, S. 1997b. Origin of podiform chromitites. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 15, 303-310.
10. ARAI, S. & MATSUKAGE, K. 1996. Petrology of the gabbro-troctolite-peridotite complex from Hess Deep, equatorial Pacific: implications for mantle-melt interaction within the oceanic lithosphere. In: MEVEL, C., GILLIS, K.M., ALLAN, J.F. & MEYER, P.S. (eds) Proceeding of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 147. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 135-155.
11. ASTWOOD, P.M., CARPENTER, J.R. & SHARP, W.E. 1972. A petrofabric study of the Dark Ridge and Balsam Gap dunites, Jackson County, North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, 14, 183-194.
12. BARNES, S.J. & ROEDER, P.L. 2001. The range of spinel compositions in terrestrial mafic and ultramafic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 42, 2279-2302.
13. Basaltic Volcanism Study Project 1981. Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets. Pergamon, New York.
14. BERGER, S., COCHRANE, D., SIMONS, K., SAVOV, I., RYAN, J.G. & PETERSON, V.L. 2001. Insights from rare earth elements into the genesis of the Buck Creek Complex, Clay County, NC. Southeastern Geology, 40, 201-212.
15. BIRCH, F. 1966. Compressibility; elastic constants. In: CLARK, S.P. JR (ed.) Handbook of Physical Constants. Geological Society of America, Memoirs, 97, 97-173.
16. BLUHM, C.T. 1976. The structure of the Frank, Alpinetype dunite-lherzolite complex, Avery County, North Carolina. MS thesis, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.
17. BRAUN, M.G. & KELEMEN, P.B. 2001. Mapping dunite melt conduits in the mantle: constraints on dunite formation and MORB flux. EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 82(20), S430.
18. BROBST, D.A. 1962. Geology of the Spruce Pine District, Avery, Mitchell, and Yancey Counties, North Carolina. US Geological Survey Bulletin, 1122, 26.
19. BROWN, P.M. ET AL. 1985. Geologic Map of North Carolina. North Carolina Geologic Survey, Raleigh.
20. BUTLER, JR. 1973. Paleozoic deformation and metamorphism in part of the Blue Ridge thrust sheet, North Carolina, American Journal of Science, 273, 72-88.
21. CANNAT, M. 1993. Emplacement of mantle rocks in the seafloor at mid-ocean ridges. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 4163-4172.
22. CANNAT. M., KARSON, J.A., MILLER, D.J., et al. (eds) 1995. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, Sites 190-194. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX.
23. CANNAT, M., CHATIN, F., WHITECHURCH, H. & CEULENEER, G. 1997. Gabbroic rocks trapped in the upper mantle at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In: KARSON, J.A., CANNAT, M., MILLER, D.J. & ELTHON, D. (eds) Proceeding of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 153. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 243-264.
24. CARPENTER, J.R. & CHEN, H.S. 1978. Petrology and bulk rock geochemistry of the Frank ultramafic body, Avery county, N.C. and associated other ultramafic rock bodies of the southern Appalachians. Southeastern Geology, 20, 21-25.
25. CARPENTER, J.R. & PHYFER, D.W. 1969. Proposed origin of the 'alpine-type' ultramafics of the Appalachians. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 7, 261-263.
26. CASEY, J.F. 1997. Comparison of major- and trace-element geochemistry of abyssal peridotites and mafic plutonic rocks with basalts from the MARK region of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In: KARSON, J.A., CANNAT, M., MILLER, D.J. & ELTHON, D. (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 153. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 181-241.
27. CONSTANTIN, M. 1999. Gabbroic intrusions and magmatic metasomatism in harzburgites from the Garrett transform fault: implications for the nature of the mantle-crust transition at fast-spreading ridges. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 136, 111-130.
28. CORNEN, G., BESLIER, M. & GIRARDEAU, J. 1996. Petrologic characteristics of the ultramafic rocks from the ocean/continent transition in the Iberia Abyssal Plain. In: WHITMARSH, R.B., SAWYER, D.S., KLAUS, A. & MASSON, D.G. (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 149. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 377-395.
29. DAVIES, G.R., NIXON, P.H., PEARSON, D.G. & OBATA, M. 1993. Tectonic implications of graphitized diamonds from the Ronda peridotite massif, southern Spain. Geology, 21, 471-474.
30. DICK, H.J.B. 1977. Evidence of partial melting in the Josephine Peridotitc. In: DICK, H.J.B. (ed.) Magma Genesis, Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference on Partial Melting in the Earth's Upper Mantle. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Bulletin, 96, 59-62.
31. DICK, H.J.B. & BULLEN, T. 1984. Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator in abyssal and alpine-type peridotites and spatially associated lavas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 86, 54-76.
32. DICK, H.J.B. & NATLAND, J.H. 1996. Late-stage melt evolution and transport in the shallow mantle beneath the East Pacific Rise. In: MEVEL, C., GILLIS, K.M., ALLAN, J.F. & MEYER, P.S. (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 147. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 103-134.
33. DRIBUS, J.R., GODSON, W.L., HAHN, K.R., KAMMER, T.W., LAWTON, D.L., PESCH, H.G., SCHICK, J.T. & TATA, S.S. 1976. Comparative petrography of some alpine ultramafic plutons in western North Carolina. Compass, 53, 33-45.
34. EDWARDS, S.J. 1995. Boninitic and tholeiitic dykes in the Lewis Hills mantle section of the Bay of Islands ophiolite: implications for magmatism adjacent to a fracture zone in a back-arc spreading environment. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32, 2128-2146.
35. ESCARTIN, J., HIRTH, G. & EVANS, B. 2001. Strength of slightly serpentinized peridotites: implications for the tectonics of oceanic lithosphere. Geology, 29, 1023-1026.
36. GAIR, J.E. & SLACK, J.F. 1984. Deformation, geochemistry, and origin of massive sulfide deposits, Gossan Lead District, Virginia. Economic Geology, 79, 1483-1520.
37. GILLIS, K., MÉVEL, C., ALLAN, J., et al. (eds) 1993. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Prognam, Initial Reports, 147, Sites 894-895. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX.
38. GIRARDEAU, J. & MERCIER, J.C.C. 1988. Petrology and texture of the ultramafic rocks of the Xigaze ophiolite (Tibet): constraints for mantle structure beneath slow-spreading ridges. Tectonophysics, 147, 33-58.
39. GIRARDEAU, J., MERCIER, J.C.C. & XIBIN, W. 1985. Petrology of the mafic rocks of the Xigaze ophiolite, Tibet: implications for the genesis of the oceanic lithosphere. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 90, 309-321.
40. GOLDBERG, S.A. & DALLMEYER, R.D. 1997. Chronology of Paleozoic metamorphism and deformation in the Blue Ridge Thrust Complex, North Carolina and Tennessee. American Journal of Science, 297, 488-526.
41. GREEN, H.W. II, DOBRZHINETSKAYA, L., RIGGS, E.M. & ZIN, Z.-M. 1997. Alpe Arami: a peridotite massif from the mantle transition zone. Tectonophysics, 279, 1-21.
42. HATCHER, R.D. JR 1978. Tectonics of the western Piedmont and Blue Ridge, Southern Appalachians: review and speculation. American Journal of Science, 278, 276-304.
43. HATCHER, R.D. JR 1980. Geologic Map and Mineral Resources Summary of the Prentiss Quadrangle, North Carolina. North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Geological Survey Section Map, GM 167-SW, MRS 167-SW.
44. HATCHER, R.D. JR 1987. Tectonics of the southern and central Appalachian internides. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 15, 337-362.
45. HATCHER, R.D. JR, HOOPER, R.J., PETTY, S.M. & WILLIS, J.D. 1984. Structure and chemical petrology of three southern Appalachian mafic-ultramafic complexes and their hearing upon the tectonics of emplacement and origin of Appalachian ultramafic bodies. American Journal of Science, 284, 484-506.
46. HESS, H.H. 1955. Serpentines, orogeny, and epeirogeny. In: POLDERVAART, A. (ed.) Crust of the Earth. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 62, 391-408.
47. HIBBARD, J. 2000. Docking Carolina; mid-Paleozoic accretion in the Southern Appalachians. Geology, 28, 127-130.
48. HONEYCUTT, F.M. & HEIMLICH, R.A. 1980. Petrology of the Balsam Gap Dunite, Jackson County, North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, 21, 251-260.
49. HONEYCUTT, F.M., HEIMLICH, R.A. & PALMER, D.F. 1981. Magnetic survey of the Balsam Gap Dunite, Jackson County, North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, 22, 223-231.
50. HOPSON, J.L., HATCHER, R.D. JR & STIEVE, A.L. 1989. Geology of the eastern Blue Ridge, northeastern Georgia and the adjacent Carolinas. In: FRITZ, W.J., HATCHER, R.D. JR & HOPSON, J.L. (eds) Geology of the Eastern Blue Ridge, Northeastern Georgia and the Adjacent Carolinas. Georgia Geological Society Guidebooks, 9(3), 1-40.
51. HUNTER, C.E. 1941. Forsterite olivine deposits of North Carolina and Georgia. North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin, 41, 117.
52. JACKSON, E.D. & THAYER, T.P. 1972. Some criteria for distinguishing between stratiform, concentric and alpine peridotite-gabbro complexes. 24th International Geological Congress, Section 2, 289-296.
53. JUTEAU, T., NICOLAS, A., DUBESSY, J., FRUCHARD, J.C. & BOUCHEZ, J.L. 1977. Structural relationships in the Antalya Ophiolite Complex, Turkey: possible model for an oceanic ridge. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 88, 1740-1748.
54. KAMENETSKY, V.S., CRAWFORD, A.J. & MEFFRE, S. 2001. Factors Controlling chemistry of magmatic spinel: an empirical study of associated olivine, Crspinel and melt inclusions from primitive rocks. Journal of Petrology, 42, 655-671.
55. KELEMEN, P.B. 1990. Reaction between ultramafic rocks and fractionating basaltic magma I. Phase relations, the origin of calc-alkaline magma series, and the formation of discordant dunite. Journal of Petrology, 31, 51-98.
56. KELEMEN, P.B., JOYCE, D.B., WEBSTER, J.D. & HOLLOWAY, J.R. 1990. Reaction between ultramafic rock and fractionating basaltic magma; II, Experimental investigation of reaction between olivine tholeiite and harzburgite at 1150-1050°C and 5kb. Journal of Petrology, 31, 99-134.
57. KELEMEN, P.B., SHIMIZU, N. & SALTERS, V.J.M. 1995. Extraction of mid-ocean-ridge basalt from the upwelling mantle by focused flow of melt in dunite channels. Nature, 375, 747-753.
58. KINGSBURY, R.H. & HEIMLICH, R.A. 1978. Petrology of an ultramafic body near Micaville, Yancey County, North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, 20, 33-46.
59. KULP, J.L. & BROBST, D.A. 1954. Notes on the dunite and the geochemistry of vermiculite at the Day Book Dunite deposit, Yancey County, North Carolina. Economic Geology, 49, 211-220.
60. KUSHIRO, I. 1964. The system diopside-forsteriteenstatite at 20 kilobars. Carnegie Institution of Washington Yearbook, 63, 101-108.
61. LAGABRIELLE, Y. & LEMOINE, M. 1997. Alpine, Corsican, and Apennine ophiolites: the slow-spreading ridge model. Comptes Rendus de l'Acad-acemie des Sciences, Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes, 325, 909-920.
62. LARRABEE, D.M. 1966. Map showing distribution of ultramafic and intrusive mafic rocks from northern New Jersey to eastern Alabama. US Geological Survey Map, 1476.
63. LEBLANC, M. 1987. Chromite in oceanic arc environments: New Caledonia. In: STOWE, C.W. (ed.) Evolution of Chromium Ore Fields. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 265-297.
64. LIPIN, B.R. 1984. Chromite from the Blue Ridge Province of North Carolina. American Journal of Science, 284, 507-529.
65. LIPPARD, S.J., SHELTON, A.W. & GASS, I.G. 1986. The Ophiolite of Northern Oman. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 11.
66. LOCKNER, D.A. 1995. Rock failure. In: AHRENS, T.J. (ed.) Rock Physics and Phase Relations. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 127-147.
67. 2o at 700°C, 1 and 1.5 GPa: evidence for high Al mobility in deep metasomatic environments. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 31(7), A354.
68. McELHANEY, M.S. & MCSWEEN, H.Y. JR 1983. Petrology of the Chunky Gal Mountain mafic-ultramafic complex, North Carolina. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 94, 855-874.
69. MCSWEEN, H.Y. JR & HATCHER, R.D. JR 1985. Ophiolites(?) of the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge. In: WOODWARD, N.E. (ed.) Field Trips in the Southern Appalachians. University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Studies in Geology, 9, 144-170.
70. MCSWEEN, H.Y. JR, ABBOTT, R.N. JR & RAYMOND, L.A. 1989. Metamorphic conditions in the Ashe Metamorphic Suite, North Carolina Blue Ridge. Geology, 17, 1140-1143.
71. MILLER, B.N., STEWART, K.G., MILLER, C.F. & THOMAS, C.W. 2001. U-Pb ages from the Bakersville, North Carolina eclogite: Taconian eclogite metamorphism followed by Acadian and Alleghenian cooling. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 32(2), A62.
72. MISRA, K.C. & CONTE, J.A. 1991. Amphibolites of the Ashe and Alligator Back Formations, North Carolina. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 103, 737-750.
73. MISRA, B.C. & KELLER, F.B. 1978. Ultramafic bodies in the southern Appalachians: a review. American Journal of Science, 278, 389-418.
74. MOORES, E.M. 1970. Ultramafics and orogeny, with models of the US Cordillera and the Tethys. Nature, 228, 837-842.
75. MOORES, E.M. 1981. Ancient suture zones within continents. Science, 213, 41-46.
76. NICOLAS, A. 1989. Structures of Ophiolites and Dynamics of Oceanic Lithosphere. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
77. NICOLAS, A. 1990. Melt extraction from mantle peridotites: hydrofracturing and porous flow, with consequences for oceanic ridge activity. In: RYAN, M.P. (ed.) Magma Transport and Storage. Wiley, Chichester, 159-173.
78. NICOLAS, A. & POIRIER, J.P. 1976. Crystalline Plasticity and Solid State Flow in Metamorphic Rocks. John Wiley, London.
79. NICOLAS, A., GIRARDEAU, J. & MARCOUX, J. ET AL. 1981. The Xigaze ophiolite (Tibet): a peculiar oceanic lithosphere. Nature, 294, 414-417.
80. NIIDA, K. 1997. Mineralogy of Mark peridotites: replacement through magma channeling examined from Hole 920D, Mark area. In: KARSON, J.A., CANNAT, M., MILLER, D.J. & ELTHON, D. (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 153. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 265-275.
81. ODOM, A.L. & FULLAGAR, P.D. 1973. Geochronologic and tectonic relationships between the Inner Piedmont, Brevard Zone, and Blue Ridge Belts, North Carolina. American Journal of Science, 273, 133-149.
82. O'HARA, M.J. 1968. Are ocean floor basalts primary magma? Nature, 220, 683-686.
83. OZAWA, K. 1983. Evaluation of olivine-spinel geothermometry as an indicator of thermal history for peridotites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82, 52-65.
84. PAGE, F.Z., ESSENE, E.J. & MUKASA, S.B. 2001. Thermobarometry of eclogites from the eastern Blue Ridge, North Carolina. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 33(6), 251.
85. PARKINSON, I.J. & PEARCE, J.A. 1998. Peridotites from the Izu-Bonin-Mariana forearc (ODP Leg 125): evidence for mantle melting and melt-mantle interaction in a supra-subduction zone setting. Journal of Petrology, 39, 1577-1618.
86. PEARCE, J.A., LIPPARD, S.J. & ROBERTS, S. 1984. Characteristics and tectonic significance of suprasubduction zone ophiolites. In: KOKELAAR, B.P. & HOWELLS, M.F. (eds) Marginal Basin Geology, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 16, 77-94.
87. PRATT, J.H. & LEWIS, J.V. 1905. Corundum and the Peridotites of North Carolina. North Carolina Geological Survey Bulletin, 1.
88. QUICK, J.E. 1981. The origin and significance of large, tabular dunite bodies in the Trinity peridotite, northern California. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 78, 413-422.
89. QUICK, J.E. & GREGORY, R.T. 1995. Significance of melt-wall rock reaction: comparative anatomy of three ophiolites. Journal of Geology, 103, 187-198.
90. QUINN, M.J. 1991. Two lithotectonic boundaries in western North Carolina: geologic interpretation of a region surrounding Sylva, Jackson County. MS thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
91. RANKIN, D.W. 1970. Stratigraphy and structure of Precambrian rocks in northwestern North Carolina. In: FISHER, G.W., PETTIJOHN, F.J., REED, J.C. JR & WEAVER, K.N. (eds) Studies of Appalachian Geology: Central and Southern. Interscience, New York, 227-246.
92. RANKIN, D.W., ESPENSHADE, G.H. & SHAW, K.W. 1973. Stratigraphy and structure of the metamorphic belt in northwestern North Carolina and Southwestern Virginia: a study from the Blue Ridge across the Brevand Fault Zone to the Sauratown Mountains Anticlinorium. American Journal of Science, 273, 1-40.
93. RAYMOND, L.A. 1995. Petrology: the Study of Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks. Brown, Dubuque.
94. RAYMOND, L.A. 1998. Geology of the Blue Ridge Belt of northwestern North Carolina. In: MILLS, H.H. (ed.) Deposits and Landforms on the Piedmont Slopes of Roan, Rich, and Snake Mountains, Northwestern North Carolina and Northeastern Tennessee. Southeastern Friends of the Pleistocene 1998 Field Trip (Guidebook). 1-8.
95. RAYMOND, L.A. 2002. Petrology: the Study of Igneous. Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks, 2nd. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Boston, MA.
96. RAYMOND, L.A. & ABBOTT, R.N. JR 1985. Metamorphism of Alpine ultramafic rocks, North Carolina Blue Ridge: I-observed metamorphic histories. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 17, 695.
97. RAYMOND, L.A. & ABBOTT, R.N. JR 1997. Petrology and tectonic significance of ultramafic rocks near the Grandfather Mountain Window in the Blue Ridge Belt, Toe Terrane, Western Piedmont Zone, North Carolina. In: STEWART, K.G., ADAMS, M.G. & TRUPE, C.H. (eds) Paleozoic Structure, Metamorphism, and Tectonics of the Blue Ridge of Western North Carolina. Carolina Geological Society, 1997 Field Trip and Annual Meeting, 67-85.
98. RAYMOND, L.A. & ALLAN, J.F. 2001. Spinel compositions as clues to the origin and tectonic significance of metadunite bodies in the Blue Ridge Belt of the Southern Appalachian Orogen. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 33(6), A227.
99. RAYMOND, L.A. & LOVE, A.B. 2002. Aspect ratios of Blue Ridge metaultramafic rocks and their significance. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 34, A92.
100. RAYMOND, L.A. & SWANSON, S.E. 1981. Deformation history of ultramafic rocks, Blue Ridge Belt, Southern Appalachian Mountains: correlations with Appalachian tectonic events. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 13, 535.
101. RAYMOND, L.A. & WARNER, R.D. 2001. Preface (to Selected Ultramafic and Related Rocks of the Southern Appalachian Orogen: Petrology and Tectonic Significance). Southeastern Geology, 40(3), 1.
102. RAYMOND, L.A., LEATHERMAN, L.E., VANCE, K., COOK, T. & ABBOTT, R.N. JR 1988. The Greer Hollow ultramafic body, eastern Blue Ridge Province, North Carolina: petrography, field relations, and implications for metamorphic history of the Blue Ridge Province. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 20, 310.
103. RAYMOND, L.A., YURKOVICH, S.P. & MCKINNEY, M. 1989. Block-in-matrix structures in the North Carolina Blue Ridge Belt and their significance for the tectonic history of the Southern Appalachian Orogen. In: HORTON, J.W. JR & RAST, N. (eds) Mélanges and Olistostromes of the US. Appalachians. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 228, 195-215.
104. RAYMOND, L.A., MCCARTER, R. & LOVE, A. 1998. Petrography and structure of the Hoots Ultramafic Body, Rich Mountain, northwestern North Carolina. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 30(4), 56.
105. RAYMOND, L.A., LOVE, A. & MCCARTER, R. 1999. Petrogenesis and mineral chemistry of the Hoots Ultramafic Body, Rich Mountain, northwestern North Carolina. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 31(3), 61.
106. RAYMOND, L.A., LOVE, A. & MCCARTER, R. 2001. Petrology of the Hoots Ultramafic Body, Blue Ridge Belt, northwestern North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, 40, 149-162.
107. RAYMOND, L.A., SWANSON, S.E. & LOVE, A.B. 2002. Physical, mineralogical, and chemical trends during retrograde metamorphism of metaultramafic, rocks, Blue Ridge Belt, North Carolina, USA. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 34(6), 431.
108. ROLLINSON, H.R. 1993. Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Longman, Harlow.
109. RYAN, J.G., PETERSON, V.L., YURKOVICH, S.P., BURR, J.L. & KRUSE, S.E. 2001. Mafic and ultramafic rocks of olistostromal assemblages of the Blue Ridge in SW NC: insights into convergent margin processes of the Paleozoic. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 33(6), 262.
110. SANDFORD, R.F. 1978. Metamorphism, diffusion and metasomatism in an ultramafic blackwall zone, Blandford, Massachusetts. Geological Society of America Abstracts, 10(2), 84.
111. SCHIERING, M.H., HEIMLICH, R.A. & PALMER, D.F 1982. Radiometric and magnetic surveys of the Dark Ridge Dunite, Jackson County, North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, 23, 89-98.
112. SCOTFORD, D.M. & WILLIAMS, J.R. 1983. Petrology and geochemistry of metamorphosed ultramafic bodies in a portion of the Blue Ridge of North Carolina and Virginia. American Mineralogist, 68, 78-94.
113. SPRINGER, R.K. 1974. Contact metamorphosed ultramafic rocks in the western Sierra Nevada foothills, California. Journal of Petrology, 15, 160-195.
114. STEVENS, R.K., STRONG, D.F. & KEANE, B.F. 1974. Do some eastern Appalachian ultramafic rocks represent mantle diapirs produced above a subduction zone? Geology 2, 175-178.
115. STEWART, K.G. & MILLER, B.V. 2001. The tectonic implications of 460 Ma eclogite along the Taconian suture in the eastern Blue Ridge of North Carolina. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 33(2), A65.
116. STEWART, K.G., ADAMS, M.G. & TRUPE, C.H. 1997. Paleozoic structural evolution of the Blue Ridge Thrust Complex, western North Carolina. In: STEWART, K.G., ADAMS, M.G. & TRUPE, C.H. (eds) Paleozoic Structure, Metamorphism, and Tectonics of the Blue Ridge of Western North Carolina. Carolina Geological Society, 1997 Field Trip and Annual Meeting, 21-31.
117. SUHR, G., SECK, H.A., SHIMIZU, N., GUNTHER, D. & JENNER, G. 1998. Infiltration of refractory melts into the lowermost oceanic crust: evidence from dunite- and gabbro-hosted clinopyroxenes in the Bay of Islands Ophiolite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 131, 136-154.
118. SWANSON, S.E. 1980. Petrology of the Rich Mountain ultramafic bodies and associated rocks, Watauga County, North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, 21, 209-225.
119. SWANSON, S.E. 1981. Mineralogy and petrology of the Day Book Dunite and associated rocks, western North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, 22, 53-77.
120. SWANSON, S.E. 1999. Mineral compositions from metaultramafic rocks in the Spruce Pine Thrust Sheet, western North Carolina. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 31(3), A70.
121. SWANSON, S.E. 2001. Ultramafic rocks of the Spruce Pine area, Western North Carolina: a sensitive guide to fluid migration and metamorphism. Southeastern Geology, 40, 163-182.
122. SWANSON, S.E. & RAYMOND, L.A. 1976. Alteration of the Day Book dunite, Spruce Pine District, western North Carolina. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 8, 282.
123. SWANSON, S.E. & RAYMOND, L.A. 2003. Petrogenesis of chromite in the metaultramafic, rocks of the Spruce Pine area, western North Carolina, USA. In preparation.
124. SWANSON, S.E. & WHITTIKOPP, R.W. 1976. Day Book Dunite: an alpine ultramafic in western North Carolina. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 57, 1025-1026.
125. SWANSON, S.E., MALOOF, T.L., CROSE, D.E., RICIPUTI, L.R. & HOCHELLA, M.F. 1999. Oxygen isotope analyses of olivine from the Blue Ridge of western North Carolina. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 31(7), A225.
126. TENTHOREY, E.A., RYAN, J.G. & SNOW, E.A. 1996. Petrogenesis of sapphirine-bearing metatroctolites from the Buck Creek ultramafic body, southern Appalachians. Journal of Metamorphic Petrology, 14, 103-114.
127. THOMAS, W.A. 1977. Evolution of Appalachian-Ouachita salients and recesses from reentrants and promontories in the continental margin. American Journal of Science, 277, 1233-1278.
128. VANCE, R.K. & RAYMOND, L.A. 1994. Field and geochemical constraints on the origin of Greer Hollow ultramafic rocks, Eastern Blue Ridge Province, North Carolina. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 26(4), 67.
129. VARFALVY, V., HEBERT, R., BEDARD, J.H. & LAFLECHE, M.R. 1997. Petrology and geochemistry of pyroxenite dykes in upper mantle peridotites of the North Arm Mountain massif, Bay of Islands ophiolite, Newfoundland: implications of the genesis of boninitic and related magmas. Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 543-570.
130. VRONA, J.P. 1977. Structure of the Newdate ultramafite, Yancey County, North Carolina. MS thesis, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.
131. WARNER, R.D. 2001. Mineralogy and petrology of metaultramafic rocks at Buck Creek, North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, 40, 201-212.
132. WATERS, C.L., HEWITT, L.K., STEWART, K.G. & MILLER, B.V. 2000. Tectonothermal evolution of the Ashe Metamorphic Suite south of the Grandfather Mountain Window, NC: implications for Paleozoic orogenic events in the eastern Blue Ridge. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 32(2), A81.
133. WEHR, F. & GLOVER, L. III 1985. Stratigraphy and tectonics of the Virginia-North Carolina Blue Ridge: evolution of a late Proterozoic - early Paleozoic hinge zone. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 96, 285-295.
134. WILLARD, R.A. & ADAMS, M.G. 1994. Newly discovered eclogite in the southern Appalachian Orogen, northwestern North Carolina. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 123, 61-70.
135. ZHOU, M.-F., ROBINSON, P.T., MALPAS, J. & LI, Z. 1996. Podiform chromitites in the Luobusa Ophiolite (southern Tibet): implications for melt-rock interaction and chromite segregation in the upper mantle. Journal of Petrology, 37, 3-21.