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Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 289-335

All but war is simulation: The military-entertainment complex

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EID: 2942619734     PISSN: 10631801     EISSN: 10806520     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/con.2000.0022     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (109)

References (96)
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    • Other noteworthy graduates of the Utah program in the late seventies include Jim Kajiya, Ph.D. 1979, who developed the frame buffer concept for storing and displaying single-raster images; and Gary Demos, who started several major computer graphics production companies and had a big impact on the introduction of computer graphics technology in the film industry.
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    • During this period, Kahn advanced from chief scientist to deputy director of DARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) in 1976, and he became its director in November 1979.
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    • ed. Nathaniel I. Durlach and Anne S. Mavor Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, fig.8-4
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    • McCracken also noted: "While there have been incredible advances across many areas of science and technology, the new Craylink architecture for supercomputers, new improvements on the space shuttle, sheep cloning-no advance has been more prolific, more ubiquitous, more wide reaching than consumer oriented entertainment developments
    • Edward McCracken, "Inspired by Vision: A Letter from Ed McCracken," in National Association of Broadcasters '97 and National Association of Broadcasters MultiMedia World, 1997: http://www.sgi.com/fcatiires/studio/nab/indcx.html. McCracken also noted: "While there have been incredible advances across many areas of science and technology, the new Craylink architecture for supercomputers, new improvements on the space shuttle, sheep cloning-no advance has been more prolific, more ubiquitous, more wide reaching than consumer oriented entertainment developments."
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    • note
    • The training concept was to provide a means of cueing individual behavior, with the armored vehicle being part of the cueing. When individuals and crews reacted, they would provide additional cues to which others would react. Thus, the technology was to play a subservient role in the battle-engagement simulations, making no decisions for the crews, but simply and faithfully reproducing battlefield cues.
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    • Once the decision had been made to remove BBN from the graphics portion of the project, Cyrus left Boeing and formed an independent company. Delta Graphics, in order to devote his full energies to developing the graphics technology for SIMNET. The initial contractor, BBN, continued with responsibility for the network technology, but with the needed change in architecture-i.e., with the use of microprocessor-based graphics generators.
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    • note
    • DOD Directive 5000.1, March 15, 1996, section D: Policy, para 2: Acquiring Quality Products, item (0: Modeling and Simulation.
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    • note
    • In 1999, video games alone grossed $6 billion. According to a recent survey by Entertainment Weekly of entertainment preferences in American households, 35% listed reading books as their favorite entertainment; in second place was playing video games, at 30%, while watching a video ranked 17%.
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    • According to responses in interviews I have done for a project on the development of computers in medicine, and frequently mentioned in articles for the popular press.
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    • above, n. 39
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    • Also see http://www.rcal3d.com/sega.html.
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    • For the program description, see http://www.stricom.army.miIJ.STRlCOM/PM-ADS/ ADST11J.
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    • note
    • The R3D/100 chipset directly interfaces with MicrosoftO-compliant APIs (application programming interfaces), such as OpenGL'.
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    • Company
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    • Interview on the Future of AI Technology and the Impact of Multiplayer Network-Capable Games
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    • Also see Steven Woodcock, "Interview on the Future of AI Technology and the Impact of Multiplayer Network-Capable Games," in \Vail Street Journal luteracth-e Edition (May 19, 1997);
    • (1997) Vail Street Journal Luteracth-e Edition
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    • Creating Intelligent Creatures: Game Developers Are Turning to AI to Give Their Characters Personalities and to Distinguish Their Titles from the Pack
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    • For the PC-Wargames Catalog, see http://vvww.tediv.usmc.mil/dlh/iTiiltriink/catalog/ titlc.html.
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    • Doom Goes to War: The Marines Are Looking for a Few Good Games
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    • The book is published by Addison-Wesley. For more information
    • The book is published by Addison-Wesley. For more information, visit http://www. aw.com/csengJ.
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    • Cited in Committee on Modeling and Simulation
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    • Andrew Pollack, "Trying to Improve Training, Army Turns to Hollywood," New York Times August 18, 1999. Online at http:/Avww.isi.edu/nyt uarc.html.
    • (1999) New York Times August 18
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    • For interesting discussions of the Battle of 73 Easting, see Sterling, "War Is Virtual Hell" (above, n. 4), esp. pp. 6-7
    • War Is Virtual Hell , pp. 6-7
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    • Victory Misunderstood: What the Gulf War Tells Us about the Future of Conflict
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    • (1996) International Security , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-179
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    • Alexandria, Va.: Institute for Defense Analyses, 1992
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    • God Games: Memorex Warfare
    • New York: Addison Wesley
    • See Kevin Kelly, "God Games: Memorex Warfare," from Out of Control (New York: Addison Wesley, 1994): http://p3niishka.absolutvodka.com/kclly/chl3-e.html.
    • (1994) Out of Control
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    • Thomas P. Hughes, ed., Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press
    • On the role of the military in creating and sustaining the computer revolution, see Thomas P. Hughes, ed., Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999);
    • (1999) Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research
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    • idem, New York: Pantheon Books
    • idem, Rescuing Prometheus (New York: Pantheon Books, 1998).
    • (1998) Rescuing Prometheus
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    • See the Interactive Digital Software Association's
    • See the Interactive Digital Software Association's 1999 State of the Industry Report: http://www.idsa.comJ.
    • 1999 State of the Industry Report
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    • See descriptions of Perceptronics' recent work at http://www.perccptronics.com.
  • 95
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    • CIA Press Release, September 29
    • CIA Press Release, September 29, 1999: http://vvww.oc1ci.gov/cia/puhlic affairs/ press release/index.html.
    • (1999)
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    • High-Tech Advances Push C.I.A. into New Company
    • September 29
    • See John Markoff, "High-Tech Advances Push C.I.A. into New Company," New York Times, September 29, 1999.
    • (1999) New York Times
    • Markoff, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.