Tools for making correct decisions regarding hormone therapy. Part I: Background and drugs

Fertility and Sterility

Volumn 81, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 1447-1457

  Shoham, Zeev ^a,b   Kopernik, Gideon ^a,b  

^a KAPLAN MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^b HEBREW UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

aging process; dermal gel; dermal patches; estrogen; hormone therapy; intracrinology; Menopause; progesterone

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; EQUILIN; ESTRADIOL; ESTRADIOL VALERATE; ESTRIOL; ESTROGEN; ESTRONE; ESTRONE SULFATE; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; GONADORELIN; PROGESTERONE; RECOMBINANT HUMAN INSULIN; SEX HORMONE;

AGING; BIOSYNTHESIS; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; DATA ANALYSIS; DECISION MAKING; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIMERIZATION; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG NOMENCLATURE; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MEDLINE; MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; OVULATION; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; RECEPTOR DOWN REGULATION; REVIEW; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TITRIMETRY; TRANSDERMAL PATCH;

EID: 2942603122     PISSN: 00150282     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.052     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Rossouw J.E., Anderson G.L., Prentice R.L., LaCroix A.Z., Kooperberg C., Stefanick M.L., et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. JAMA. 288:2002;321-333
2. Fremont-Smith M., Meigs J.V., Graham R.M., Gilbert H.H. Cancer of endometrium and prolonged estrogen therapy. JAMA. 131:1946;805-808
3. Colditz G.A., Hankinson S.E., Hunter D.J., Willett W.C., Mason J.E., Stampfer M.J., et al. The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 332:1995;1589-1593
4. Hulley S., Grady D., Bush T., Furberg C., Herrington D., Riggs B., et al. Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. JAMA. 280:1998;605-613
5. Nelson H.D., Humphrey L.L., Nygren P., Teutsch S.M., Allan J.D. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy scientific review. JAMA. 288:2002;872-881
6. Pines A. Hormone therapy and the cardiovascular system. Maturitas. 43:(Suppl 1):2002;S3-S10
7. Guaschino S., Grimaldi E., Sartore A., Mugittu R., Mangino F., Bortoli P., et al. Visual function in menopause the role of hormone replacement therapy. Menopause. 10:2003;53-57
8. Knauer E. Einige versuche uber ovarietransplantation beim kaninchen. Zentralbl Gynakol. 20:1896;524-528
9. Fraenkel L. Die function des corpus luteum. Arch Gynakol. 68:1903;491-497
10. Geist S.H.S.F. The therapeutic use of amniotin in the menopause. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 23:1932;697-707
11. Albright F. Studies on ovarian dysfunction. III. The menopause. Endocrinology. 20:1936;24-29
12. Siiteri P.K., MacDonald P.C. Role of extraglandular estrogens in human endocrinology. Greep E.B. Handbook of physiology. Vol. II:1973;615 Oxford University Press, New York
13. Judd H.L., Judd G.E., Lucas W.E., Yen S.S. Endocrine function of the postmenopausal ovary concentration of androgens and estrogens in ovarian and peripheral vein blood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 39:1974;1020-1024
14. Longcope C., Pratt J.H., Schneider S.H., Fineberg S.E. Aromatization of androgens by muscle and adipose tissue in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 46:1978;146-152
15. Allen E., Doisy E.A. An ovarian hormone. A preliminary report on its localization, extraction and partial purification and action in testis animals. JAMA. 81:1923;819-821
16. Neumann F. Prof. Karl Junkmann. [in German] Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 101:1976;1625-1626
17. Marrian G.F. The chemistry of oestrin III An approved method of preparation and the isolation of active crystalline material. Biochem J. 24:1930;435-441
18. Schwenk E., Hildebrandt F. Reduktion des folliklhmone. Naturrwissensch. 21:1933;177
19. Jordan V.C., Mittal S., Gosden B., Koch R., Lieberman M.E. Structure-activity relationships of estrogens. Environ Health Perspect. 61:1985;97-110
20. Duax W.L., Griffin J.F., Weeks C.M., Wawrzak Z. The mechanism of action of steroid antagonists insights from crystallographic studies. J Steroid Biochem. 31:1988;481-492
21. Ackerman G.E., Carr B.R. Estrogens. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 3:2002;225-230
22. Stanczyk F.Z. Estrogens: different types and properties. Lobo R.A., Kelsey J., Marcus R. Menopause biology and pathobiology. 2000;421-428 Academic Press, San Diego
23. Miller W.L. Molecular biology of steroid hormone synthesis. Endocr Rev. 9:1988;295-318
24. Fawcett D.W., Long J.A., Jones A.L. The ultrastructure of endocrine glands. Recent Prog Horm Res. 25:1969;315-380
25. Ansbacher R. The pharmacokinetics and efficacy of different estrogens are not equivalent. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 184:2001;255-263
26. Inhoffen H.H., Hohlweg W. Neue per os wirksame weibliche Keimdrusenhormonderivate 17-Aethinyl-estradiol und Pregnen-in-on-2-ol-17. Naturwissensch. 26:1938;96-101
27. Junkmann K. Uberprotrahiert wirksame oestrogene. NaunynSchmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol. 220:1953;358-364
28. Anderson A.B., Sklovsky E., Sayers L., Steele P.A., Turnbull A.C. Comparison of serum oestrogen concentrations in post-menopausal women taking oestrone sulphate and oestradiol. BMJ. 1:1978;140-142
29. Yen S.S., Martin P.L., Burnier A.M., Czekala N.M., Greaney M.O. Jr, Callantine M.R. Circulating estradiol, estrone and gonadotropin levels following the administration of orally active 17beta-estradiol in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 40:1975;518-521
30. Barnes D., Lobo B.A. Pharmacology of estrogen. Mishell D.R.J. Menopause: physiology and pharmacology. 1975;301-315 Year Book Medical, Chicago
31. Sitruk-Ware R., de Lignieres B., Basdevant A., Mauvais-Jarvis P. Absorption of percutaneous oestradiol in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2:1980;207-211
32. Sitruk-Ware R. Estrogen therapy during menopause. Practical treatment recommendations. Drugs. 39:1990;203-217
33. Holst J. Percutaneous estrogen therapy. Endometrial response and metabolic effects. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 115:1983;1-30
34. Ramachandran C., Fleisher D. Transdermal delivery of drugs for the treatment of bone diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 42:2000;197-223
35. Powers M.S., Schenkel L., Darley P.E., Good W.R., Balestra J.C., Place V.A. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of transdermal dosage forms of 17 beta-estradiol comparison with conventional oral estrogens used for hormone replacement. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 152:1985;1099-1106
36. Corson S.L. A decade of experience with transdermal estrogen replacement therapy overview of key pharmacologic and clinical findings. Int J Fertil. 38:1993;79-91
37. The Transdermal HRT Investigators Group. A randomized study to compare the effectiveness, tolerability, and acceptability of two different transdermal estradiol replacement therapies. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. 38:1993;5-11
38. Buch A.B., Shen L.Z., Kelly S.C., Russell D.A., Sahota R.S., Bixler C.A., et al. Significant differences in estradiol bioavailability from two similarly labelled estradiol matrix transdermal systems. Climacteric. 2:1999;248-253
39. Gordon S.F. Clinical experience with a seven-day estradiol transdermal system for estrogen replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 173:1995;998-1004
40. Campagnoli C., Biglia N., Altare F., Lanza M.G., Lesca L., Cantamessa C., et al. Differential effects of oral conjugated estrogens and transdermal estradiol on insulin-like growth factor 1, growth hormone and sex hormone binding globulin serum levels. Gynecol Endocrinol. 7:1993;251-258
41. Johansson A.G., Lindh E., Ljunghall S. Insulin-like growth factor I stimulates bone turnover in osteoporosis. Lancet. 339:1992;1619
42. Yamamoto K.R. Steroid receptor regulated transcription of specific genes and gene networks. Annu Rev Genet. 19:1985;209-252
43. Watson C.S., Norfleet A.M., Pappas T.C., Gametchu B. Rapid actions of estrogens in GH3/B6 pituitary tumor cells via a plasma membrane version of estrogen receptor-alpha. Steroids. 64:1999;5-13
44. Schlegel A., Wang C., Katzenellenbogen B.S., Pestell R.G., Lisanti M.P. Caveolin-1 potentiates estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) signaling. caveolin-1 drives ligand-independent nuclear translocation and activation of ERalpha. J Biol Chem. 274:1999;33551-33556
45. Speroff L, Glass RH, Kase NG. Hormone biosynthesis, metabolism and mechanism of action. In: Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. Baltimore: William & Wilkins, 1982:1-41
46. Kim H.P., Lee J.Y., Jeong J.K., Bae S.W., Lee H.K., Jo I. Nongenomic stimulation of nitric oxide release by estrogen is mediated by estrogen receptor alpha localized in caveolae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 263:1999;257-262
47. Jensen E.V., DeSombre E.R. Estrogen-receptor interaction. Science. 182:1973;126-134
48. Kuiper G.G., Enmark E., Pelto-Huikko M., Nilsson S., Gustafsson J.A. Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;5925-5930
49. King A.C., Cuatrecasas P. Peptide hormone-induced receptor mobility, aggregation, and internalization. N Engl J Med. 305:1981;77-88
50. Goldstein J.L., Anderson R.G., Brown M.S. Coated pits, coated vesicles, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Nature. 279:1979;679-685
51. Gruber C.J., Tschugguel W., Schneeberger C., Huber J.C. Production and actions of estrogens. N Engl J Med. 346:2002;340-352
52. O'Connell M.B. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic variation between different estrogen products. J Clin Pharmacol. 35:(Suppl):1995;18S-24S
53. Mashchak C.A., Lobo R.A., Dozono-Takano R., Eggena P., Nakamura R.M., Brenner P.F., et al. Comparison of pharmacodynamic properties of various estrogen formulations. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 144:1982;511-518
54. Levitz M., Banerjee S., Raju U., Toniolo P.G., Shore R.E., Nachtigall L.E. Sex hormone-binding globulin in estrogen-dependent cancer and estrogen replacement therapy. Ann NY Acad Sci. 828:1997;358-365
55. Basbug M., Aygen E., Tayyar M., Muhtaroglu S., Demir I., Okten S. Twenty two weeks of transdermal estradiol increases sex hormone-binding globulin in surgical menopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 73:1997;149-152
56. Adami S., Rossini M., Zamberlan N., Bertoldo F., Dorizzi R., Lo Cascio V. Long-term effects of transdermal and oral estrogens on serum lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 17:1993;191-196
57. McManus J., McEneny J., Thompson W., Young I.S. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on the oxidation of low density lipoprotein in postmenopausal women. Atherosclerosis. 135:1997;73-81
58. Jensen J., Christiansen C., Rodbro P. Cigarette smoking, serum estrogens, and bone loss during hormone-replacement therapy early after menopause. N Engl J Med. 313:1985;973-975
59. Jensen J., Christiansen C. Effects of smoking on serum lipoproteins and bone mineral content during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 159:1988;820-825
60. Stanczyk F.Z. Pharmacokinetics of progesterone administered orally and parenterally. Sitruk-Ware R., Mishell D.R. Jr. Progestins and antiprogestins in clinical practice. 2000;393-400 Marcel-Dekker, New York
61. Simon J.A., Robinson D.E., Andrews M.C., Hildebrand J.R. 3rd, Rocci M.L. Jr, Blake R.E., et al. The absorption of oral micronized progesterone the effect of food, dose proportionality, and comparison with intramuscular progesterone. Fertil Steril. 60:1993;26-33
62. Padwick M.L., Endacott J., Matson C., Whitehead M.I. Absorption and metabolism of oral progesterone when administered twice daily. Fertil Contracept. 46:1986;402-407
63. Sitruk-Ware R. Progestogens in hormonal replacement therapy new molecules, risks, and benefits. Menopause. 9:2002;6-15
64. Stanczyk F.Z. Pharmacokinetics and potency of progestins used for hormone replacement therapy and contraception. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 3:2002;211-224
65. Victor A., Johansson E.D. Pharmacokinetic observations on medroxyprogesterone acetate administered orally and intravaginally. Contraception. 14:1976;319-329
66. McPhail M.K. The assay of progestin. J Physiol. 83:1934;145-156
67. Kumar N., Koide S.S., Tsong Y., Sundaram K. Nestorone a progestin with a unique pharmacological profile. Steroids. 65:2000;629-636
68. King R.J., Whitehead M.I. Assessment of the potency of orally administered progestins in women. Fertil Steril. 46:1986;1062-1066
69. Herkert O., Kuhl H., Sandow J., Busse R., Schini-Kerth V.B. Sex steroids used in hormonal treatment increase vascular procoagulant activity by inducing thrombin receptor (PAR-1) expression role of the glucocorticoid receptor. Circulation. 104:2001;2826-2831