Biotechnology - A challenge to the patent system

Current Opinion in Biotechnology

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 254-257

  Farnley, Sharon ^a   Morey Nase, Pamela ^a   Sternfeld, Diana ^a  

^a Rouse and Co International   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

EPO; EST; European Patent Office; expressed sequence tag

Indexed keywords

BIOINFORMATICS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HUMAN; HUMAN GENETICS; NONHUMAN; PATENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; STEM CELL;

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; BIOTECHNOLOGY; COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY; GENOME, HUMAN; HUMANS; PATENTS; STEM CELLS;

HESPERIS;

EID: 2942517914     PISSN: 09581669     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2004.04.004     Document Type: Review

References (11)

1. Howlett M.J., Christie A.J. An analysis of the approach of the European, Japanese and United States Patent Offices to partial DNA sequences (ESTs). International Review of Industrial Property and Copyright Law. 34:2003;581-710 The results of a detailed survey of actual practice of patent examiners in the three key patent offices. In contrast to speculation, it gives information about what is actually happening in relation to gene patenting and therefore provides a basis for informed decisions and policy development.
2. Bayer AG and Bayer Corporation v Housey Pharmaceuticals, Inc: 340 F.3d 1367; Fed Cir. 2003.
3. Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions. URL: http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc? smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=EN&numdoc=31998L0044&model= guichett This Directive came into force on 30 July 2000 and was intended to clarify the legal position for the granting of biotechnology patents. Its introduction involved many years of debate and even now has not been implemented in several Member States.
4. Shattuck-Eidens DM, Miki Y, Goldgar DE, Kamb A, Skolnick MH, Swenson J, Wiseman RW, Futreal PA, Harshman KD, Tavtigian SV: Method for diagnosing a predisposition for breast and ovarian cancer. European Patent 0 699 754.
5. European Parliament resolution on the patenting of BRCA1 and BRCA2 ('breast cancer') genes. Official reference OJ C 87E, 11.4.2002 p 265. URL: http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2002/ce087/ce08720020411en02650266. pdf
6. Convention on the grant of European patents (European Patent Convention). URL: http://www.european-patent-office.org/legal/epc/e/ma1.html
7. Moore S: Challenge to the biotechnology directive. Eur Intellectual Property Rev 2002:154.
8. The ethics of patenting DNA: A discussion paper, Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2002.
9. Smith AG, Mountford P: Isolation, selection and propagation of animal transgenic stem cells. European Patent 0 695 351.
10. Diamond: Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks v Chakrabarty, Certiorari to the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. 447 US 303, 308 (1980). URL: http://www.law.uconn.edu/homes/swilf/ip/cases/diamond_cha.htm
11. Proposal for a Directive on the European Parliament and of the Council on the Patentability of Computer-Implemented Inventions, COM (2002) 92. URL: http://europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/en/indprop/comp/com02-92en.pdf