Oral mucosal pigmentation secondary to minocycline therapy: Report of two cases and a review of the literature

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics

Volumn 97, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 718-725

  Treister, Nathaniel S ^a,c   Magalnick, Daniel ^b   Woo, Sook Bin ^a  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF DENTAL MEDICINE   (United States)

^b School of Dental Medicine ^*

^c SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMODIAQUINE; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CHLOROQUINE; CLOFAZIMINE; CLONAZEPAM; HORMONE; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; KETOCONAZOLE; MACROLIDE; MEPACRINE; METHYLDOPA; MINOCYCLINE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PAROXETINE; TETRACYCLINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

ADULT; ANAMNESIS; BLUE BLACK MACULE; BLUE NAIL; BONE PIGMENTATION; CASE REPORT; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; EAR PIGMENTATION; HARD PALATE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPERPIGMENTATION; LIP PIGMENTATION; LOWER EXTREMITY PIGMENTATION; MALE; MELANOSIS; MOUTH LESION; MOUTH MUCOSA; MOUTH PIGMENTATION; NAIL PIGMENTATION; ORAL MUCOSAL PIGMENTATION; PIGMENT DISORDER; PIGMENTATION; REVIEW; ROSACEA; SCLERA PIGMENTATION; SIDE EFFECT; SKIN DISCOLORATION; THYROID PIGMENTATION; TOOTH COLOR;

EID: 2942514861     PISSN: 10792104     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.11.006     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Klein N.C., Cunha B.A. Tetracyclines. Med Clin North Am. 79:1995;789-801
2. Humbert P., Treffel P., Chapuis J.F., Buchet S., Derancourt C., Agache P. The tetracyclines in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 25:1991;691-697
3. Walter J.F., Macknet K.D. Pigmentation of osteoma cutis caused by tetracycline. Arch Dermatol. 115:1979;1087-1088
4. Eady E.A., Cove J.H., Holland K.T., Cunliffe W.J. Superior antibacterial action and reduced incidence of bacterial resistance in minocycline compared to tetracycline-treated acne patients. Br J Dermatol. 122:1990;233-244
5. Ozog D.M., Gogstetter D.S., Scott G., Gaspari A.A. Minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation in patients with pemphigus and pemphigoid. Arch Dermatol. 136:2000;1133-1138
6. Tilley B.C., Alarcon G.S., Heyse S.P., Trentham D.E., Neuner R., Kaplan D.A., et al. Minocycline in rheumatoid arthritis. A48-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. MIRA Trial Group. Ann Intern Med. 122:1995;81-89
7. Cullen S.I., Cohan R.H. Minocycline therapy in acne vulgaris. Cutis. 17:1976;1208-1210. 1214
8. Freeman K. Therapeutic focus. Minocycline in the treatment of acne. Br J Clin Pract. 43:1989;112-115
9. Kim N.M., Freeman C.D. Minocycline for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Pharmacother. 29:1995;186-187
10. Kelly R.G., Kanegis L.A. Metabolism and tissue distribution of radioisotopically labelled minocycline. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 11:1967;171-183
11. Macdonald H., Kelly R.G., Allen E.S., Noble J.F., Kanegis L.A. Pharmacokinetic studies on minocycline in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 14:1973;852-861
12. Saivin S., Houin G. Clinical pharmacokinetics of doxycycline and minocycline. Clin Pharmacokinet. 15:1988;355-366
13. Wolfe I.D., Reichmister J. Minocycline hyperpigmentation: skin, tooth, nail, and bone involvement. Cutis. 33:1984;457-458
14. Morrow G.L., Abbott R.L. Minocycline-induced scleral, dental, and dermal pigmentation. Am J Ophthalmol. 125:1998;396-397
15. Eisen D., Hakim M.D. Minocycline-induced pigmentation. Incidence, prevention and management. Drug Saf. 18:1998;431-440
16. Hendrix J.D. Jr., Greer K.E. Cutaneous hyperpigmentation caused by systemic drugs. Int J Dermatol. 31:1992;458-466
17. Siller G.M., Tod M.A., Savage N.W. Minocycline-induced oral pigmentation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 30:1994;350-354
18. Ciancio S.G., Mather M.L., McMullen J.A. An evaluation of minocycline in patients with periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 51:1980;530-534
19. Berger R.S., Mandel E.B., Hayes T.J., Grimwood R.R. Minocycline staining of the oral cavity. J Am Acad Dermatol. 21:1989;1300-1301
20. Simons J.J., Morales A. Minocycline and generalized cutaneous pigmentation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 3:1980;244-247
21. Gordon G., Sparano B.M., Iatropoulos M.J. Hyperpigmentation of the skin associated with minocycline therapy. Arch Dermatol. 121:1985;618-623
22. Fenske N.A., Millns J.L., Greer K.E. Minocycline-induced pigmentation at sites of cutaneous inflammation. JAMA. 244:1980;1103-1106
23. Basler R.S., Kohnen P.W. Localized hemosiderosis as a sequela of acne. Arch Dermatol. 114:1978;1695-1697
24. Argenyi Z.B., Finelli L., Bergfeld W.F., Tuthill R.J., McMahon J.R., Ratz J.L., et al. Minocycline-related cutaneous hyperpigmentation as demonstrated by light microscopy, electron microscopy andX-ray energy spectroscopy. J Cutan Pathol. 14:1987;176-180
25. Ridgway H.A., Sonnex T.S., Kennedy C.T., Millard P.R., Henderson W.J., Gold S.C. Hyperpigmentation associated with oral minocycline. Br J Dermatol. 107:1982;95-102
26. Okada N., Sato S., Sasou T., Aoyama M., Nishida K., Yoshikawa K. Characterization of pigmented granules in minocycline-induced cutaneous pigmentation: observations using fluorescence microscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. Br J Dermatol. 129:1993;403-407
27. Pepine M., Flowers F.P., Ramos-Caro F.A. Extensive cutaneous hyperpigmentation caused by minocycline. J Am Acad Dermatol. 28:1993;292-295
28. Rosen T., Hoffmann T.J. Minocycline-induced discoloration of the permanent teeth. J Am Acad Dermatol. 21:1989;569
29. Patel K., Cheshire D., Vance A. Oral and systemic effects of prolonged minocycline therapy. Br Dent J. 185:1998;560-562
30. Poliak S.C., DiGiovanna J.J., Gross E.G., Gantt G., Peck G.L. Minocycline-associated tooth discoloration in young adults. JAMA. 254:1985;2930-2932
31. Parkins F.M., Furnish G., Bernstein M. Minocycline use discolors teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 123:1992;87-89
32. Hung P.H., Caldwell J.B., James W.D. Minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation. J Fam Pract. 41:1995;183-185
33. Ragucci B. Green bones and tooth roots: minocycline? The Schoch Letter. 3:1979
34. Fendrich P., Brooke R.I. An unusual case of oral pigmentation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 58:1984;288-289
35. Cale A.E., Freedman P.D., Lumerman H. Pigmentation of the jawbones and teeth secondary to minocycline hydrochloride therapy. J Periodontol. 59:1988;112-114
36. Cohen B.D., Abrams B.L. An unusual case of stained roots of unerupted third molars. Gen Dent. 37:1989;342-343
37. Beehner M.E., Houston G.D., Young J.D. Oral pigmentation secondary to minocycline therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 44:1986;582-584
38. Odell E.W., Hodgson R.P., Haskell R. Oral presentation of minocycline-induced black bone disease. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 79:1995;459-461
39. Salman R.A., Salman D.G., Glickman R.S., Super S., Salman L. Minocycline induced pigmentation of the oral cavity. J Oral Med. 40:1985;154-157
40. Tanzi E.L., Hecker M.S. Minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation of the tongue. Arch Dermatol. 136:2000;427-428
41. Meyerson M.A., Cohen P.R., Hymes S.R. Lingual hyperpigmentation associated with minocycline therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 79:1995;180-184
42. Katz J., Barak S., Shemer J., Langevitz P., Livneh A. Black tongue associated with minocycline therapy. Arch Dermatol. 131:1995;620
43. Sato S., Murphy G.F., Bernhard J.D., Mihm M.C. Jr., Fitzpatrick T.B. Ultrastructural and x-ray microanalytical observations of minocycline-related hyperpigmentation of the skin. J Invest Dermatol. 77:1981;264-271
44. Westbury L.W., Najera A. Minocycline-induced intraoral pharmacogenic pigmentation: case reports and review of the literature. J Periodontol. 68:1997;84-91
45. Chu P., Van S.L., Yen T.S., Berger T.G. Minocycline hyperpigmentation localized to the lips: an unusual fixed drug reaction? J Am Acad Dermatol. 30:1994;802-803
46. Buchner A., Hansen L.S. Amalgam pigmentation (amalgam tattoo) of the oral mucosa. A clinicopathologic study of 268 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 49:1980;139-147
47. Ioffreda M.D., Gordon C.A., Adams D.R., Naides S.J., Miller J.J. Black tongue. Arch Dermatol. 137:2001;968-969
48. Langford A., Pohle H.D., Gelderblom H., Zhang X., Reichart P.A. Oral hyperpigmentation in HIV-infected patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 67:1989;301-307
49. Arbiser J.L., Moschella S.L. Clofazimine: a review of its medical uses and mechanisms of action. J Am Acad Dermatol. 32:1995;241-247
50. Kleinegger C.L., Hammond H.L., Finkelstein M.W. Oral mucosal hyperpigmentation secondary to antimalarial drug therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 90:2000;189-194
51. Tadini G., D'Orso M., Cusini M., Alessi E. Oral mucosa pigmentation: a new side effect of azidothymidine therapy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Dermatol. 127:1991;267-268
52. Perusse R., Morency R. Oral pigmentation induced by Premarin. Cutis. 48:1991;61-64
53. Hertz R.S., Beckstead P.C., Brown W.J. Epithelial melanosis of the gingiva possibly resulting from the use of oral contraceptives. J Am Dent Assoc. 100:1980;713-714
54. Solomon S. POMC-derived peptides and their biological action. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 885:1999;22-40
55. Brody H.J., Cohen M. Black tongue secondary to methyldopa therapy. Cutis. 38:1986;187-188
56. Dereure O. Drug-induced skin pigmentation. Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2:2001;253-262
57. Page L.R., Corio R.L., Crawford B.E., Giansanti J.S., Weathers D.R. The oral melanotic macule. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 44:1977;219-226
58. Goode R.K., Crawford B.E., Callihan M.D., Neville B.W. Oral melanoacanthoma. Review of the literature and report of ten cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 56:1983;622-628
59. Maize J.C. Mucosal melanosis. Dermatol Clin. 6:1988;283-293
60. Hedin C.A. Smokers' melanosis. Occurrence and localization in the attached gingiva. Arch Dermatol. 113:1977;1533-1538
61. Hedin C.A., Pindborg J.J., Axell T. Disappearance of smoker's melanosis after reducing smoking. J Oral Pathol Med. 22:1993;228-230
62. Buchner A., Hansen L.S. Pigmented nevi of the oral mucosa: a clinicopathologic study of 32 new cases and review of 75 cases from the literature. Part I. A clinicopathologic study of 32 new cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 48:1979;131-142
63. Buchner A., Hansen L.S. Pigmented nevi of the oral mucosa: a clinicopathologic study of 32 new cases and review of 75 cases from the literature Part II. Analysis of 107 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 49:1980;55-62
64. Manganaro A.M., Hammond H.L., Dalton M.J., Williams T.P. Oral melanoma: case reports and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 80:1995;670-676
65. Kitagawa S., Townsend B.L., Hebert A.A. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Dermatol Clin. 13:1995;127-133
66. Lucky A.W. Pigmentary abnormalities in genetic disorders. Dermatol Clin. 6:1988;193-203
67. Frantzis T.G., Sheridan P.J., Reeve C.M., Young L.L. Oral manifestations of hemochromatosis. Report of a case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 33:1972;186-190
68. Odabas A.R., Karakuzu A., Selcuk Y., Erdem T., Cetinkaya R. Alkaptonuria: a case report. J Dermatol. 28:2001;158-160
69. Gaines J.J. Jr. The pathology of alkaptonuric ochronosis. Hum Pathol. 20:1989;40-46
70. Caro I. Discoloration of the teeth related to minocycline therapy for acne. J Am Acad Dermatol. 3:1980;317-318
71. Bridges A.J., Graziano F.M., Calhoun W., Reizner G.T. Hyperpigmentation, neutrophilic alveolitis, and erythema nodosum resulting from minocycline. J Am Acad Dermatol. 22:1990;959-962