Effect of training on the muscle strength and dynamic balance ability of adults with down syndrome

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 343-347

  Tsimaras, Vassilios K ^a   Fotiadou, Eleni G ^a  

^a ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

Author keywords

Abilities; Health; Leg strength; Mental retardation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOWN SYNDROME; DYNAMOMETRY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LEG; MALE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TORQUE; TRAINING;

ADULT; DOWN SYNDROME; HUMANS; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; MUSCULOSKELETAL EQUILIBRIUM; PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING;

EID: 2942512803     PISSN: 10648011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1519/R-12832.1     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE. ACSM's Exercise Management for Persons With Chronic Diseases and Disabilities. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1997.
2. ANGELOPOULOU, N., F. GIANGOUDAKI, A. BOULI-KALAHANI, AND C. HAJISEVASTOY-LOUKIDOU. Motor skills in children with Down's syndrome. Paediatr. North. Greece 11:186-198. 1995.
3. ANGELOPOULOU, N., V. SOUFTAS, A. SAKADAMIS, AND K. MANDROUKAS. Bone mineral density in adults with Down's syndrome. Eur. Radiol. 9:648-651. 1999.
4. ANGELOPOULOU, N., V. TSIMARAS, K. CHRISTOULAS, D. KOKARIDAS, AND K. MANDROUKAS. Isokinetic knee muscle strength of individuals with mental retardation. A comparative study. Percept. Mot. Skills 88:849-855. 1999.
5. BARNES, W. The relationship between maximal isokinetic strength and isokinetic endurance. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 51:714-717. 1980.
6. BOSWELL, B. Comparison of two methods of improving dynamic balance of mentally retarded children. Percept. Mot. Skills 73: 759-764. 1991.
7. CAMPBELL, J. Improving the physical fitness of retarded boys. Ment. Retard. 12:31-35. 1974.
8. CARMELI, E., M. AVALON, S. BARCHAD, S.L. SHEKLOW, AND A.Z. REZNICK. Isokinetic leg strength of institutionalized older adults with mental retardation with and without Down's syndrome. J. Strength Cond. Res. 16:316-320. 2002.
9. CARMELI, E., S. KESSEL, R. COLEMAN, AND M. AVALON. Effects of a treadmill walking program on muscle strength and balance in elderly people with Down syndrome. Gerontology 57:106-110. 2002.
10. CARR, J. Mental and motor development in young mongoloid children. Am. J. Ment. Defic. 14:205-220. 1970.
11. CHU, D.A. Jumping Into Plyometrics (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1998.
12. CIONI, M., A. COCILOVO, F. DI PASQUALE, M. ARAUJO, C. SIQUEIRA, AND M. BIANCO. Strength deficit of knee extensor muscles of individuals with Down syndrome from childhood to adolescence. Am. J. Ment. Retard. 99:166-174. 1994.
13. CLARK, H. Muscular power of the legs. Phys. Fitness Res. Digest. 8:1-24. 1978.
14. CONNOLLY, B., AND B. MICHAEL. Performance of retarded children, with and without Down syndrome, on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Phys. Ther. 66:344-348. 1986.
15. CONNOLLY, B., S. MORGAN, AND F. RUSSELL. Evaluation of children with Down syndrome who participated in an early intervention program: Second follow-up study. Phys. Ther. 64:1515-1519. 1984.
16. COWIE, V. A Study of the Early Development of Mongols. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1970.
17. CRATTY, B. Motor Education and the Education of Retardates. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1969.
18. CROCE, R., AND M. HORVAT. Effects of reinforcement based exercise on fitness and work productivity in adults with mental retardation. Ad. Phy. Activ. Q. 9:148-178. 1992.
19. CROCE, R., K.H. PITETTI, M. HORVAT, AND J. MILLER. Peak-torque a average power, and hamstrings/quadriceps ratios in nondisabled adults and adults with mental retardation. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 77:369-372. 1996.
20. DUPPER, M. Effects of a 10-week aerobic exercise program on the physiological, cognitive and behavioral functioning of institutionalized retarded children. In: A. Vermeer, ed. Motor development, adapted physical activity and mental retardation. Med. Sport Sci. 30:94-102. 1990. Basel: Karger, 1990.
21. EYMAN, R., H. GROSSMAN, R. CHANEY, AND T. CALL. The life expectancy of profoundly handicapped people with mental retardation. N. English Med. 323:584-589. 1990.
22. FLINT, J., AND M. RUTTER. Behavioral phenotypes. In: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. M. Rutter, E. Taylor, and L. Hersow, eds. London: Blackell Scientific Publishers, 1994. pp. 674-675.
23. FRITH, U., AND C. FRITH. Specific motor disabilities in Down syndrome. J. Child Psychol Psychiatry 15:293-301. 1974.
24. HAYES, A., AND M. BATSHAW. Down syndrome. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 40:523-535. 1993.
25. HORVAT, M., R. CROCE, AND G. ROSWALL. Magnitude and reliability of measurements of muscle strength across trials for individuals with mental retardation. Percept. Mot. Skills 77: 643-649. 1993.
26. HORVAT, M., K.H. PITETTI, AND R. CROCE. Isokinetic torque, average power, and flexion/extension ratios in nondisabled adults and adults with mental retardation. J Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 25:395-399. 1997.
27. KANNUS, P., AND K YASUDA. Value of isokinetic angle specific torque measurement in normal and injured knees. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:292-297. 1992.
28. LE LANC, D., R. FRENCH, AND B. SCHULTZ. Static and dynamic balance skills of trainable children with Down's syndrome. Percept. Mot. Skills 45:641-642. 1977.
29. LOWER, R., AND A. REISS. Dual diagnosis, psychiatric disorders in developmental disabilities. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 40:579-592. 1993.
30. MORRIS, A., S. VAUGHAN, AND P. VACCARO. Measurement of neuromuscular tone and strength in Down's syndrome children. J. Ment. Defic. Res. 26:41-46. 1982.
31. NORDGREN, B. Physical capabilities in a group of mentally retarded adults. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. 2:125-132. 1970.
32. PERRIN, D.H. Isokinetic Exercise and Assessment. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1993.
33. PITETTI, K.H. A reliable isokinetic strength test for arm and leg musculature for mild mentally retarded adults. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 71:669-672. 1990.
34. PITETTI, K.H., M. CLIMSTEIN, M. MAYS, AND P. BARRETT. Isokinetic arm and leg strength of adults with Down syndrome: A comparative study. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 73:847-850. 1992.
35. PITETTI, K.H., J. RIMMER, AND B. FERNHALL. Physical fitness and adults with mental retardation: An overview of current research and future directions. Sports Med. 16:23-56. 1993.
36. ROSWALL, G., AND G. FRITH. The effect of a development play program on the motor proficiency of mildly handicapped children. Am. Corr. Ther. J. 37:105-108. 1983.
37. SAILORS, M., AND K. BERG. Comparison of responses to weight training in pubescent boys and men. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 27:30-37. 1987.
38. SEPULVEDA, D., D. ALLISON, J. GOMEZ, K. KREIBIECH, R. BROWN, R. PIERSON, AND S. HAYMSFIELD. Low spinal and pelvic bone mineral density among individuals with Down syndrome. Am. J. Ment. Retard. 100:109-114. 1995.
39. SHEPHARD, R. Human rights and the older worker: Changes in work capacity with age. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 19:168-173. 1987.
40. SHEPHARD, R. Physiological aspects of physical activity for children with disabilities. Phys. Educ. Rev. 17:33-44. 1994.
41. SKINNER, J. Exercise in Special Populations: Theoretical Basis and Clinical Application (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1993.
42. STADLER, L., AND K.H. PITETTI. Isometric and isokinetic leg strength of youths with and without mental retardation. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. Abstr. 28:849. 1996.
43. STOPKA, C., K. ZAMBITO, D. SURO, K. PEARSON, R. SIDERS, AND B. GOFF. Muscular endurance and physical capacity to perform work of adolescents with mental retardation. J. Sport Rehabil. 7:197-205. 1998.
44. THORNDIKE, R.L., E.P. HAGEN, AND J.M. SATTLER. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale - Revised (4th ed.). Chicago: Riverside, 1985.
45. TSIMARAS, V., N. ANGELOPOULOU, C. TSORBATZOUDIS, G. ABATZIDIS, AND K. MANDROUKAS. Effect of training in the dynamic balance ability of adults with mental retardation. Galenus 42:179-187. 2000.
46. WINTERS, P.C. Gross Motor Skills in Children With Down Syndrome: A Guide for Parents and Professionals. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House, 1997.