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Volumn 14, Issue 45, 2005, Pages 599-629

'The Chinese and the Thais are brothers': The evolution of the Sino-Thai friendship

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEOPOLITICS; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS; POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT;

EID: 29344467479     PISSN: 10670564     EISSN: 14699400     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10670560500205100     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (223)
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    • See for example Morton Abramowitz and Stephen Bosworth, 'Adjusting to the new Asia', Foreign Affairs 82(4), (July/August 2003)
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    • Satu P. Limaye, 'Weighting for China, counting on the United States: Asia's China debate and US interests', in Satu P. Limaye, ed., Asia's China Debate (Honolulu: Asia-Pacific Center for Strategic Studies, Special Assessment Series, December 2003)
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    • Denny Roy, 'Rising China and US interests: Inevitable vs. contingent hazards', Orbis 47(1), (Winter 2003)
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    • 'The China factor in US alliances in East Asia and the Asia Pacific'
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    • Aileen San Pablo-Baviera, 'The China factor in US alliances in East Asia and the Asia Pacific', Australian Journal of International Affairs 57(2), (July 2003)
    • (2003) Australian Journal of International Affairs , vol.57 , Issue.2
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    • 'China and Southeast Asia: Asymmetry, leadership and normalcy'
    • (Winter)
    • and Brantly Womack, 'China and Southeast Asia: Asymmetry, leadership and normalcy', Pacific Affairs 76(4), (Winter 2003-2004).
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    • 0038345645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Getting Asia wrong: The need for new analytical frameworks'
    • Bandwagoning refers to siding with a rising power to gain benefits for oneself; balancing refers to taking steps to counter the potential or actual threat from another country (often involving alliance with a third country against the threatening country). For assertions of Southeast Asian bandwagoning with China, see (Spring)
    • Bandwagoning refers to siding with a rising power to gain benefits for oneself; balancing refers to taking steps to counter the potential or actual threat from another country (often involving alliance with a third country against the threatening country). For assertions of Southeast Asian bandwagoning with China, see David Kang, 'Getting Asia wrong: The need for new analytical frameworks', International Security 27(4), (Spring 2003)
    • (2003) International Security , vol.27 , Issue.4
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    • 'The US-China peace: Great power politics, spheres of influence, and the peace of East Asia'
    • (September-December). It should be noted that Ross sees mainland Southeast Asia bandwagoning with China, but maritime Southeast Asia is more likely to maintain close relations with the US
    • and Robert S. Ross, 'The US-China peace: Great power politics, spheres of influence, and the peace of East Asia', Journal of East Asian Studies 3(3), (September-December 2003). It should be noted that Ross sees mainland Southeast Asia bandwagoning with China, but maritime Southeast Asia is more likely to maintain close relations with the US.
    • (2003) Journal of East Asian Studies , vol.3 , Issue.3
    • Ross, R.S.1
  • 11
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    • 'Bandwagoning for profit: Bringing the revisionist state back in'
    • In his excellent discussion of bandwagoning behavior, Randall Schweller analyzes the reasons why a country would engage in such behavior. However, he does not address why the country that is the 'bandwagon' would accept other countries seeking to profit from its rise. See (Summer)
    • In his excellent discussion of bandwagoning behavior, Randall Schweller analyzes the reasons why a country would engage in such behavior. However, he does not address why the country that is the 'bandwagon' would accept other countries seeking to profit from its rise. See Randall L. Schweller, 'Bandwagoning for profit: Bringing the revisionist state back in', International Security 19(1), (Summer 1994).
    • (1994) International Security , vol.19 , Issue.1
    • Schweller, R.L.1
  • 12
    • 85050172906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Catching the dragon's tail: China and Southeast Asia in the 21st century'
    • (April)
    • Michael R. J. Vatikiotis, 'Catching the dragon's tail: China and Southeast Asia in the 21st century', Contemporary Southeast Asia 25(1), (April 2003)
    • (2003) Contemporary Southeast Asia , vol.25 , Issue.1
    • Vatikiotis, M.R.J.1
  • 13
    • 29344433787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Bangkok's fine balance: Thailand's China debate'
    • Limaye, ed
    • and Bradley Mathews, 'Bangkok's fine balance: Thailand's China debate', in Limaye, ed., Asia's China Debate.
    • Asia's China Debate
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    • 'Reflections on Theory of International Politics: A response to my critics'
    • Robert O. Keohane, ed., (New York: Columbia University Press)
    • Kenneth N. Waltz, 'Reflections on Theory of International Politics: A response to my critics', in Robert O. Keohane, ed., Neorealism and Its Critics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986), p. 329.
    • (1986) Neorealism and Its Critics , pp. 329
    • Waltz, K.N.1
  • 17
    • 0003964957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a discussion of ententes as informal alliances and how they differ from formal security alliances, see (Ithaca: Cornell University Press,)
    • For a discussion of ententes as informal alliances and how they differ from formal security alliances, see Glenn H. Snyder, Alliance Politics (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997), pp. 346-349
    • (1997) Alliance Politics , pp. 346-349
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    • 'Ententes versus alliances'
    • (July)
    • and Robert A. Kann, 'Ententes versus alliances', World Politics 28(4), (July 1976).
    • (1976) World Politics , vol.28 , Issue.4
    • Kann, R.A.1
  • 19
    • 29344441218 scopus 로고
    • 'Liu Huaqing meets Thai army general'
    • For examples of references to the Sino-Thai relationship as one of traditional friendship, see the comments of General Liu Huaqing, Vice Chair of the PRC's Central Military Commission, to General Wimol Wongwanich, Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army, reported in (22 March)
    • For examples of references to the Sino-Thai relationship as one of traditional friendship, see the comments of General Liu Huaqing, Vice Chair of the PRC's Central Military Commission, to General Wimol Wongwanich, Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army, reported in 'Liu Huaqing meets Thai army general', Xinhua, (22 March 1995)
    • (1995) Xinhua
  • 20
    • 29344470081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Vice premier Li Lanqing meets Thai Princess Sirindhorn'
    • the comments of Vice Premier Li Lanqing to Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, reported in (2 April), (via FBIS)
    • the comments of Vice Premier Li Lanqing to Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, reported in 'Vice premier Li Lanqing meets Thai Princess Sirindhorn', Beijing Xinhua, (2 April 1999), (via FBIS)
    • (1999) Beijing Xinhua
  • 21
    • 29344440759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • '"Full text" of Sino-Thai joint communique on Thaksin's PRC visit'
    • and the joint communiqué issued during Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra's August 2001 visit, reported in (29 August), (via FBIS)
    • and the joint communiqué issued during Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra's August 2001 visit, reported in '"Full text" of Sino-Thai joint communique on Thaksin's PRC visit', Xinhua Domestic Service, (29 August 2001), (via FBIS).
    • (2001) Xinhua Domestic Service
  • 22
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    • On these Sino-Siamese interactions, see 2nd edn (London: Macmillan & Co.,), ch. 7
    • On these Sino-Siamese interactions, see D. G. E. Hall, A History of South-East Asia, 2nd edn (London: Macmillan & Co., 1964), ch. 7
    • (1964) A History of South-East Asia
    • Hall, D.G.E.1
  • 24
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    • (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982,), chs 3 4
    • and David K. Wyatt, Thailand: A Short History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982, 1984), chs 3, 4.
    • (1984) Thailand: A Short History
    • Wyatt, D.K.1
  • 25
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    • Among these were Siamese efforts to counter Burmese expansionism in the late 1500s and their contributions to defeating the Tayson Rebellion in Vietnam, which was causing problems for China in the late 1700s as well as Siam. On these events, see (Cambridge, MA: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University,), Harvard East Asian Monograph
    • Among these were Siamese efforts to counter Burmese expansionism in the late 1500s and their contributions to defeating the Tayson Rebellion in Vietnam, which was causing problems for China in the late 1700s as well as Siam. On these events, see Jane Kate Leonard, Wei Yuan and China's Rediscovery of the Maritime World, Harvard East Asian Monograph no. 11 (Cambridge, MA: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1984), pp. 126-140
    • (1984) Wei Yuan and China's Rediscovery of the Maritime World , Issue.11 , pp. 126-140
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    • For a more detailed discussion of these events, see (Houndsmill and London: Macmillan,)
    • For a more detailed discussion of these events, see Anuson Chinvanno, Thailand's Policies towards China, 1949-54 (Houndsmill and London: Macmillan, 1992), pp. 27-37
    • (1992) Thailand's Policies Towards China, 1949-54 , pp. 27-37
    • Chinvanno, A.1
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    • 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations: A case study in contemporary application of the balance of power'
    • Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia
    • Boonchai Kosolthanakul, 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations: A case study in contemporary application of the balance of power', Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia, 1993, pp. 202-204
    • (1993) , pp. 202-204
    • Kosolthanakul, B.1
  • 31
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    • note
    • Phibun is sometimes romanized as 'Pibul'.
  • 35
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    • 'China, Thailand and the spirit of Bandung, part I'
    • (April-June)
    • David A. Wilson, 'China, Thailand and the spirit of Bandung, part I', China Quarterly no. 30, (April-June 1967), p. 152.
    • (1967) China Quarterly , Issue.30 , pp. 152
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    • 'Chou En-lai's diplomatic approach to the non-aligned states in Asia, 1953-60'
    • For China's efforts to create this 'zone of peace' along its southern borders, see (June)
    • For China's efforts to create this 'zone of peace' along its southern borders, see Kuo-kang Shao, 'Chou En-lai's diplomatic approach to the non-aligned states in Asia, 1953-60', China Quarterly no. 78, (June 1979).
    • (1979) China Quarterly , Issue.78
    • Shao, K.-K.1
  • 37
    • 29344448837 scopus 로고
    • 'Brief encounter: Sino-Thai rapprochement after Bandung, 1955-1957'
    • ISC Study Paper, International Studies Center, Institute of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok
    • Anuson Chinvanno, 'Brief encounter: Sino-Thai rapprochement after Bandung, 1955-1957', ISC Study Paper, International Studies Center, Institute of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok, 1991
    • (1991)
    • Chinvanno, A.1
  • 39
    • 29344468200 scopus 로고
    • (Ithaca: Cornell University Press,), especially and Zhou's supplementary speech of 19 April 1955, at pp. 52-56
    • George McT. Kahin, The Asian-African Conference: Bandung, Indonesia (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1956), especially pp. 13-15 and Zhou's supplementary speech of 19 April 1955, at pp. 52-56
    • (1956) The Asian-African Conference: Bandung, Indonesia , pp. 13-15
    • Kahin, G.McT.1
  • 40
    • 84974028811 scopus 로고
    • 'China, Thailand, and the spirit of Bandung, part II'
    • (July-September)
    • and David A. Wilson, 'China, Thailand, and the spirit of Bandung, part II', China Quarterly no. 31, (July-September 1967), p. 98.
    • (1967) China Quarterly , Issue.31 , pp. 98
    • Wilson, D.A.1
  • 41
    • 29344443005 scopus 로고
    • On these two secret missions, see with James Peck, (New York: Simon & Simon)
    • On these two secret missions, see Sirin Phathanothai, with James Peck, The Dragon's Pearl (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), pp. 45-53
    • (1994) The Dragon's Pearl , pp. 45-53
    • Phathanothai, S.1
  • 42
    • 29344448837 scopus 로고
    • 'Brief encounter: Sino-Thai rapprochment after Bandung, 1955-1957'
    • and ISC Study Paper, International Studies Center, Institute of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok
    • and Chinvanno, 'Brief encounter', pp. 23-28.
    • (1991) , pp. 23-28
    • Chinvanno, A.1
  • 43
    • 29344439996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Bashi Ganzhanayue yu Zhong-Tai guanxi'
    • Phathanothai's father led the secret delegation in the Rangoon discussions. For a summary of the secret Joint Declaration signed in Rangoon, see
    • Phathanothai's father led the secret delegation in the Rangoon discussions. For a summary of the secret Joint Declaration signed in Rangoon, see Zhu Zhenming, 'Bashi Ganzhanayue yu Zhong-Tai guanxi' ['Prasit Kanchanawat and Sino-Thai relations'], Dongnan Ya [Southeast Asia] no. 2, (1999), p. 52.
    • (1999) Dongnan Ya [Southeast Asia] , Issue.2 , pp. 52
    • Zhenming, Z.1
  • 44
    • 29344455236 scopus 로고
    • 'Women de yuanwang shi shi Zhong-Tai liangguo youhao'
    • PRC Foreign Ministry and Central Committee Documents Research Office, comps., (Beijing: Zhongyang Wenxian Chubanshe and Shijie Zhishi Chubanshe)
    • 'Women de yuanwang shi shi Zhong-Tai liangguo youhao' ['Our desire is for China and Thailand to become friends, part II'], in PRC Foreign Ministry and Central Committee Documents Research Office, comps., Mao Zedong Waijiao Wenxuan [Selected Diplomatic Works of Mao Zedong] (Beijing: Zhongyang Wenxian Chubanshe and Shijie Zhishi Chubanshe, 1994), p. 230.
    • (1994) Mao Zedong Waijiao Wenxuan [Selected Diplomatic Works of Mao Zedong] , pp. 230
  • 45
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    • According to Sirin Phathanothai, Zhou told the group: 'China is ready to sign a non-aggression treaty with Thailand. But the absence of such a treaty in no way detracts from the sincerity of our friendship'. However, David Wilson, quoting the published account of the trip by Klaew Norapat (one of the delegation members), has Zhou saying: 'It is our opinion that the Asian nations ought to have a treaty of peace and live together in peace without any aggression'. (New York: Simon & Schuster)
    • According to Sirin Phathanothai, Zhou told the group: 'China is ready to sign a non-aggression treaty with Thailand. But the absence of such a treaty in no way detracts from the sincerity of our friendship'. However, David Wilson, quoting the published account of the trip by Klaew Norapat (one of the delegation members), has Zhou saying: 'It is our opinion that the Asian nations ought to have a treaty of peace and live together in peace without any aggression'. Phathanothai, Dragon's Pearl, p. 54
    • (1994) The Dragon's Pearl , pp. 54
    • Phathanothai, S.1
  • 46
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    • 'China, Thailand, and the spirit of Bandung, part II'
    • (July-September)
    • Wilson, 'China, Thailand, and the spirit of Bandung, part II', p. 120.
    • (1967) China Quarterly , Issue.31 , pp. 120
    • Wilson, D.A.1
  • 47
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    • On this trade deal, see (New York: Simon & Schuster)
    • On this trade deal, see Phathanothai, Dragon's Pearl, pp. 56-57
    • (1994) The Dragon's Pearl , pp. 56-57
    • Phathanothai, S.1
  • 48
    • 29344448837 scopus 로고
    • 'Brief encounter: Sino-Thai rapprochment after Bandung, 1955-1957'
    • and ISC Study Paper, International Studies Center, Institute of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok
    • and Chinvanno, 'Brief encounter', pp. 29-30.
    • (1991) , pp. 29-30
    • Chinvanno, A.1
  • 50
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    • 'China, Thailand, and the spirit of Bandung, part II'
    • The Thai government was concerned about China promoting subversion in northeast Thailand, and Beijing's diplomatic presence in Cambodia and support for communist activities in Laos (and South Vietnam) would provide opportunities to carry out such subversion. See 101 (July-September)
    • The Thai government was concerned about China promoting subversion in northeast Thailand, and Beijing's diplomatic presence in Cambodia and support for communist activities in Laos (and South Vietnam) would provide opportunities to carry out such subversion. See Wilson, 'China, Thailand, and the spirit of Bandung, part II', pp. 101, 125-127
    • (1967) China Quarterly , Issue.31 , pp. 125-127
    • Wilson, D.A.1
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    • For discussions of these events, see (Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, University of California, Berkeley,) Chinese Research Monograph no. 8
    • For discussions of these events, see Daniel D. Lovelace, China and 'People's War' in Thailand, 1964-1969, Chinese Research Monograph no. 8 (Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 1971)
    • (1971) China and 'People's War' in Thailand, 1964-1969
    • Lovelace, D.D.1
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    • On China's lack of material support for the insurgency, see Chinese Research Monograph no. 8 (Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, University of California, Berkeley)
    • On China's lack of material support for the insurgency, see Lovelace, China and 'People's War', pp. 65-74
    • (1971) China and 'People's War' in Thailand, 1964-1969 , pp. 65-74
    • Lovelace, D.D.1
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    • 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations: A case study in contemporary application of the balance of power'
    • See Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia
    • See Kosolthanakul, 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations', pp. 286-287
    • (1993) , pp. 286-287
    • Kosolthanakul, B.1
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    • and (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,), To some extent, Thanat's moves to improve Thailand's relations with the PRC could be viewed as bandwagoning, albeit with a country that he felt might eventually dominate the region (it was far from able to do so at the time)
    • and Sarasin Viraphol, Directions in Thai Foreign Policy (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1976), pp. 12-14. To some extent, Thanat's moves to improve Thailand's relations with the PRC could be viewed as bandwagoning, albeit with a country that he felt might eventually dominate the region (it was far from able to do so at the time).
    • (1976) Directions in Thai Foreign Policy , pp. 12-14
    • Viraphol, S.1
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    • 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations: A case study in contemporary application of the balance power'
    • Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia
    • Kosolthanakul, 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations', pp. 290-292
    • (1993) , pp. 290-292
    • Kosolthanakul, B.1
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    • 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations: A case study in contemporary application of the balance of power'
    • Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia
    • Kosolthanakul, 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations', pp. 301-302
    • (1993) , pp. 301-302
    • Kosolthanakul, B.1
  • 74
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    • note
    • Interview with a Thai scholar with access to Thai Foreign Ministry archives, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, August 1995. Sirin Phathanothai served as a translator for many of Prasit's meetings with the Chinese leadership.
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    • 'Bashi Ganzhanayue yu Zhong-Tai guanxi' ['Prasit Kanchanawat and Sino-Thai relations']
    • Zhu Zhenming, 'Bashi Ganzhanayue yu Zhong-Tai guanxi', pp. 53-54.
    • (1999) Dongnan Ya [Southeast Asia] , Issue.2 , pp. 53-54
    • Zhenming, Z.1
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    • For these developments, see also (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies)
    • For these developments, see also Viraphol, Directions in Thai Foreign Policy, p. 20
    • (1976) Directions in Thai Foreign Policy , pp. 20
    • Viraphol, S.1
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    • 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations: A case study in contemporary application of the balance power'
    • Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia
    • Kosolthanakul, 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations', p. 304
    • (1993) , pp. 304
    • Kosolthanakul, B.1
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    • 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations: A case study in contemporary application of the balance of power'
    • Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia
    • Kosolthanakul, 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations', pp. 306-307.
    • (1993) , pp. 306-307
    • Kosolthanakul, B.1
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    • 'Thai aide reports China's assurance on red insurgents'
    • (17 February)
    • 'Thai aide reports China's assurance on red insurgents', New York Times, (17 February 1974), p. 9
    • (1974) New York Times , pp. 9
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    • Interviews with Thai scholars, Chulalongkorn University and Thammasat University, Bangkok, August
    • Interviews with Thai scholars, Chulalongkorn University and Thammasat University, Bangkok, August 1995
    • (1995)
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    • 'Dictates of security: Thailand's relations with the PRC since the Vietnam War'
    • Joyce K. Kalgren, eds, Noordin Sopiee and Soedjati Djiwandono (Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley,), Research Papers and Policy Studies no. 24
    • Sukhumbhand Paribatra, 'Dictates of security: Thailand's relations with the PRC since the Vietnam War', in Joyce K. Kalgren, Noordin Sopiee and Soedjati Djiwandono, eds, ASEAN and China: An Evolving Relationship, Research Papers and Policy Studies no. 24 (Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 1988), pp. 297-298
    • (1988) ASEAN and China: An Evolving Relationship , pp. 297-298
    • Paribatra, S.1
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    • Interview with Thai scholars, Chulalongkorn University and Thammasat University, Bangkok, August
    • Interview with Thai scholars, Chulalongkorn University and Thammasat University, Bangkok, August 1995
    • (1995)
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    • 'Thailand joins the Peking ensemble'
    • (11 July)
    • and Norman Peagam, 'Thailand joins the Peking ensemble', Far Eastern Economic Review, (11 July 1975), pp. 20-21.
    • (1975) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 20-21
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    • The Chinese assurances are in article 4 of the joint communiqué see doc. 217, (New Delhi: Radiant Publishers)
    • The Chinese assurances are in article 4 of the joint communiqué see Jain, China and Thailand, doc. 217, pp. 203-205.
    • (1984) China and Thailand, 1949-1983 , pp. 203-205
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    • 'Showdown over Southeast Asia?'
    • (December)
    • Joseph Alsop, 'Showdown over Southeast Asia?', Reader's Digest, (December 1975), pp. 137-138.
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    • 0012844743 scopus 로고
    • Quoted in (Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley,), China Research Monograph no. 39
    • Quoted in Anne Gilks, The Breakdown of the Sino-Vietnamese Alliance, 1970-1979, China Research Monograph no. 39 (Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 1992), p. 146.
    • (1992) The Breakdown of the Sino-Vietnamese Alliance, 1970-1979 , pp. 46
    • Gilks, A.1
  • 99
    • 29344463223 scopus 로고
    • 'Tong Taiguo Zongli Kuli Bamo de tanhua'
    • PRC Foreign Ministry and Central Committee Documents Research office, comps., (Beijing: Zhongyang Wenxian Chubanshe)
    • Tong Taiguo Zongli Kuli Bamo de tanhua' ['Conversation with Thai Prime Minister Kukrit Pramoj'], in PRC Foreign Ministry and Central Committee Documents Research office, comps., Zhou Enlai Waijiao Wenxuan [Selected Diplomatic Works of Zhou Enlai] (Beijing: Zhongyang Wenxian Chubanshe, 1990), pp. 504-505.
    • (1990) Zhou Enlai Waijiao Wenxuan [Selected Diplomatic Works of Zhou Enlai] , pp. 504-505
  • 101
    • 29344471195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Dictates of security'
    • Economic data is from Table 2
    • Economic data is from Paribatra, 'Dictates of security', Table 2, p. 316
    • Paribatra1
  • 102
    • 29344431837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations'
    • the rice deal is from
    • the rice deal is from Kosolthanakul, 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations', p. 325.
    • Kosolthanakul1
  • 103
    • 29344474435 scopus 로고
    • 'Two neighbors on the same wavelength'
    • (15 August)
    • Michael Morrow, 'Two neighbors on the same wavelength', Far Eastern Economic Review, (15 August 1975), pp. 12-13
    • (1975) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 12-13
    • Morrow, M.1
  • 104
    • 0003493631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    • Ben Kiernan, The Pol Pot Regime (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996), p. 143
    • (1996) The Pol Pot Regime , pp. 143
    • Kiernan, B.1
  • 106
    • 29344470505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Explaining China's alliances: Balancing against regional and superpower threats'
    • For a fuller discussion of these events, see Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University
    • For a fuller discussion of these events, see Michael R. Chambers, 'Explaining China's alliances: Balancing against regional and superpower threats', Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 2000, pp. 173-186.
    • (2000) , pp. 173-186
    • Chambers, M.R.1
  • 107
    • 29344475181 scopus 로고
    • Interviews with Thai scholars, including one with access to Thai Foreign Ministry archives, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, August
    • Interviews with Thai scholars, including one with access to Thai Foreign Ministry archives, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, August 1995.
    • (1995)
  • 109
    • 29344457797 scopus 로고
    • 'Progress by negatives'
    • (1 October)
    • Richard Nations, 'Progress by negatives', Far Eastern Economic Review, (1 October 1976), pp. 81-82.
    • (1976) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 81-82
    • Nations, R.1
  • 111
    • 29344431837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations'
    • Kosolthanakul, 'Changing patterns of Sino-Thai relations', p. 334.
    • Kosolthanakul, B.1
  • 112
    • 29344465943 scopus 로고
    • 'Fang dashi furen Li Youduo'
    • Over the previous year, Kriangsak had become good friends with the PRC ambassador in Bangkok, Chai Zemin, and held many 'cordial' talks with the ambassador, including many on 'the Vietnam problem'. Cheng Hujun, ed., (Beijing: Renmin Tiyu Chubanshe,), Li Youduo was Chai Zemin's wife
    • Over the previous year, Kriangsak had become good friends with the PRC ambassador in Bangkok, Chai Zemin, and held many 'cordial' talks with the ambassador, including many on 'the Vietnam problem'. Wei Manlun, 'Fang dashi furen Li Youduo' ['A visit with ambassador's wife Li Youduo'], in Cheng Hujun, ed., Nu Waijiaoguan [Women Diplomats] (Beijing: Renmin Tiyu Chubanshe, 1995), p. 258. Li Youduo was Chai Zemin's wife.
    • (1995) Nu Waijiaoguan [Women Diplomats] , pp. 258
    • Manlun, W.1
  • 113
    • 29344445632 scopus 로고
    • 'The military muscle in'
    • (4 November)
    • Richard Nations, 'The military muscle in', Far Eastern Economic Review, (4 November 1977), pp. 12-14.
    • (1977) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 12-14
    • Nations, R.1
  • 114
    • 84971788998 scopus 로고
    • 'The two-year solution'
    • (4 November)
    • Nayan Chanda, 'The two-year solution', Far Eastern Economic Review, (4 November 1977), pp. 10-12
    • (1977) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 10-12
    • Chanda, N.1
  • 115
    • 29344435128 scopus 로고
    • 'The military muscle in'; 'The week'
    • (11 November)
    • Nations, 'The military muscle in'; 'The week', Far Eastern Economic Review, (11 November 1977), p. 5
    • (1977) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 5
    • Nations, R.1
  • 116
    • 29344448201 scopus 로고
    • 'Kriangsak hints at change'
    • (25 November)
    • Richard Nations, 'Kriangsak hints at change', Far Eastern Economic Review, (25 November 1977), p. 11.
    • (1977) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 11
    • Nations, R.1
  • 117
    • 29344464547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Explaining China's alliances'
    • For a detailed discussion of this visit, see
    • For a detailed discussion of this visit, see Chambers, 'Explaining China's alliances', pp. 368-372.
    • Chambers, M.R.1
  • 118
    • 29344439819 scopus 로고
    • Kriangsak hosts banquet', (31 March 1978), [in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: PRC (FBIS: PRC), 3 April]
    • Kriangsak hosts banquet', Xinhua, (31 March 1978), [in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: PRC (FBIS: PRC), 3 April 1978], p. A11
    • (1978) Xinhua
  • 119
    • 29344434424 scopus 로고
    • 'Kwangtung holds banquet for Thai prime minister'
    • (3 April 1978), (FBIS: PRC, 4 April)
    • 'Kwangtung holds banquet for Thai prime minister', Xinhua, (3 April 1978), (FBIS: PRC, 4 April 1978), p. A7.
    • (1978) Xinhua
  • 120
    • 29344442552 scopus 로고
    • 'The marxist and the monarchy'
    • Interviews with Thai scholars, Beijing, August 1993, and Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, August 1995
    • Interviews with Thai scholars, Beijing, August 1993, and Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, August 1995; David Bonavia, 'The marxist and the monarchy', Far Eastern Economic Review, (17 November 1978), pp. 10-12.
    • (1978) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 10-12
    • Bonavia, D.1
  • 124
    • 9644274747 scopus 로고
    • 'Condemnation but no confrontation'
    • (26 January)
    • Rodney Tasker, 'Condemnation but no confrontation', Far Eastern Economic Review, (26 January 1979), pp. 24-25.
    • (1979) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 24-25
    • Tasker, R.1
  • 125
    • 29344458501 scopus 로고
    • 'Meets with Deng Xiaoping'
    • (13 January), (FBIS: PRC, 15 January 1979)
    • 'Meets with Deng Xiaoping', Xinhua, (13 January 1979), (FBIS: PRC, 15 January 1979), p. A29
    • (1979) Xinhua
  • 126
    • 29344456622 scopus 로고
    • 'Report on the situation of the Indochinese peninsula'
    • (January)
    • Geng Biao, 'Report on the situation of the Indochinese peninsula', Issues and Studies 17(1), (January 1981), pp. 88-89.
    • (1981) Issues and Studies , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 88-89
    • Biao, G.1
  • 128
    • 29344471195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Dictates of security'
    • Paribatra, 'Dictates of security', p. 303.
    • Paribatra1
  • 129
    • 29344471195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Dictates of security'
    • and fn. 30
    • Ibid., p. 303 and fn. 30.
    • Paribatra1
  • 131
    • 29344464547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Explaining China's alliances'
    • For a more detailed discussion, see
    • For a more detailed discussion, see Chambers, 'Explaining China's alliances', pp. 398-400
    • Chambers, M.R.1
  • 132
    • 29344471195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Dictates of security'
    • see also
    • see also Paribatra, 'Dictates of security', p. 308.
    • Paribatra, S.1
  • 133
    • 29344464547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Explaining China's alliances'
    • For examples of subsequent Chinese warnings in 1980, 1983, and 1984-1985, see 410-411
    • For examples of subsequent Chinese warnings in 1980, 1983, and 1984-1985, see Chambers, 'Explaining China's alliances', pp. 410-411, 418-424.
    • Chambers, M.R.1
  • 134
    • 29344466653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Interview with former Supreme Commander, Bangkok, August 1995. One scholar with ties to the security establishment suggested that China probably never specified what it would do. Interview with Thai scholar, Thammasat University, Bangkok, August 1995.
  • 136
    • 29344471195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Dictates of security'
    • Paribatra, 'Dictates of security', p. 308.
    • Paribatra1
  • 137
    • 29344452888 scopus 로고
    • 'Intelligence'
    • (2 January)
    • 'Intelligence', Far Eastern Economic Review, (2 January 1986), p. 9.
    • (1986) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 9
  • 139
    • 29344471195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Dictates of security'
    • Paribatra, 'Dictates of security', p. 309.
    • Paribatra1
  • 140
    • 29344461702 scopus 로고
    • note
    • The rumor of the transfer of a few 130-mm artillery taking place circa 1980-1981 (i.e. soon after the Non Mark Moon incident) was relayed in interviews with Thai scholars, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, August 1995.
    • (1995)
  • 141
    • 0039959537 scopus 로고
    • For additional details on these arms transfers, see as well as Appendices 1-4, pp. 213-220. (Westport,;. CT: Praeger,)
    • For additional details on these arms transfers, see Gill, Chinese Arms Transfers, pp. 168-171, as well as Appendices 1-4, pp. 213-220.
    • (1992) Chinese Arms Transfers , pp. 168-171
    • Gill1
  • 142
    • 0039959537 scopus 로고
    • For additional details on these arms transfers, see as well as Appendices 1-4, pp. 213-220. (Westport,;. CT: Praeger,)
    • Ibid., pp. 173-174.
    • (1992) Chinese Arms Transfers , pp. 173-174
    • Gill1
  • 143
    • 29344471195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Dictates of security'
    • Paribatra, 'Dictates of security', p. 309
    • Paribatra1
  • 144
    • 29344449331 scopus 로고
    • interview with Thai scholar, Thammasat University, Bangkok, August
    • Chang, Kampuchea between China and Vietnam, p. 119; interview with Thai scholar, Thammasat University, Bangkok, August 1995.
    • (1995) Kampuchea Between China and Vietnam , pp. 119
    • Chang1
  • 145
    • 29344470733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a list of official exchange visits between China and Thailand during 1979-1983, see Appendix 1, General Serm Nanakorn was the first Supreme Commander to visit China, making the trip in May 1981, but there was no Chinese reciprocation until 1983
    • For a list of official exchange visits between China and Thailand during 1979-1983, see Jain, China and Thailand, Appendix 1, pp. 386-391. General Serm Nanakorn was the first Supreme Commander to visit China, making the trip in May 1981, but there was no Chinese reciprocation until 1983.
    • China and Thailand , pp. 386-391
    • Jain1
  • 146
    • 29344465562 scopus 로고
    • 'Intelligence'
    • (4 January)
    • 'Intelligence', Far Eastern Economic Review, (4 January 1980), p. 5
    • (1980) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 5
  • 147
    • 29344456923 scopus 로고
    • 'Seeking a cleaner image'
    • (4 January)
    • John McBeth, 'Seeking a cleaner image', Far Eastern Economic Review, (4 January 1980), pp. 11-12
    • (1980) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 11-12
    • McBeth, J.1
  • 148
    • 29344433003 scopus 로고
    • 'Intelligence'
    • (11 April)
    • 'Intelligence', Far Eastern Economic Review, (11 April 1980), p. 11.
    • (1980) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 11
  • 149
    • 29344447023 scopus 로고
    • 'The search for an alternative'
    • (31, October)
    • John McBeth, 'The search for an alternative', Far Eastern Economic Review, (31 October 1980), pp. 21-23
    • (1980) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 21-23
    • McBeth, J.1
  • 150
    • 29344457796 scopus 로고
    • 'Do you like my facelift?'
    • (7 November)
    • Nayan Chanda, 'Do you like my facelift?', Far Eastern Economic Review, (7 November 1980), pp. 13-14.
    • (1980) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 13-14
    • Chanda, N.1
  • 151
    • 29344455449 scopus 로고
    • 'Peking prepares to dump Pol Pot and co.'
    • (6 February)
    • John McBeth, 'Peking prepares to dump Pol Pot and co.', Far Eastern Economic Review, (6 February 1981), pp. 8-10.
    • (1981) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 8-10
    • McBeth, J.1
  • 152
    • 29344457369 scopus 로고
    • 'Agreement to disagree'
    • (24 July)
    • Nayan Chanda, 'Agreement to disagree', Far Eastern Economic Review, (24 July 1981), pp. 13-15.
    • (1981) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 13-15
    • Chanda, N.1
  • 153
    • 0020360430 scopus 로고
    • 'Thailand: The erosion of a balanced foreign policy'
    • (November)
    • Lezcek Buszynski, 'Thailand: The erosion of a balanced foreign policy', Asian Survey 22(11), (November 1982), pp. 1050-1051.
    • (1982) Asian Survey , vol.22 , Issue.11 , pp. 1050-1051
    • Buszynski, L.1
  • 154
    • 0020360430 scopus 로고
    • 'Thailand: The erosion of a balanced foreign policy'
    • (November)
    • Ibid., pp. 1051-1052
    • (1982) Asian Survey , vol.22 , Issue.11 , pp. 1051-1052
    • Buszynski, L.1
  • 156
    • 84968223080 scopus 로고
    • 'New aspirations and old constraints in Thailand's foreign policy'
    • (November)
    • Leszek Buszynski, 'New aspirations and old constraints in Thailand's foreign policy', Asian Survey 29(11), (November 1989), pp. 10589-1061
    • (1989) Asian Survey , vol.29 , Issue.11 , pp. 10589-11061
    • Buszynski, L.1
  • 158
    • 29344464547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Explaining China's alliances'
    • On these developments, see
    • On these developments, see Chambers, 'Explaining China's alliances', pp. 425-430.
    • Chambers1
  • 160
    • 29344460382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Figs: Trade of China's mainland with major partners in Asia in 2004'
    • (9 February)
    • 'Figs.: Trade of China's mainland with major partners in Asia in 2004', Xinhua, (9 February 2005).
    • (2005) Xinhua
  • 161
    • 29344440234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Get on China's economic train: ASEAN-China cooperation on fast-track'
    • (English version), (26 May), (FBIS)
    • 'Get on China's economic train: ASEAN-China cooperation on fast-track', People's Daily Online (English version), (26 May 2004), (FBIS).
    • (2004) People's Daily Online
  • 162
    • 29344438611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Xinhua "roundup" examines economic, cultural cooperation between PRC, Thailand'
    • (22 January), (FBIS)
    • 'Xinhua "roundup" examines economic, cultural cooperation between PRC, Thailand', Beijing Xinhua, (22 January 2003), (FBIS).
    • (2003) Beijing Xinhua
  • 163
    • 29344455235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Zhong Tai jian jiao yilai Zhong Tai guanxi de huigu yu zhanwang'
    • See also the discussion of investments for 1990-1999 in
    • See also the discussion of investments for 1990-1999 in Zhu Zhenming, 'Zhong Tai jian jiao yilai Zhong Tai guanxi de huigu yu zhanwang' ['Retrospect and prospect of Sino-Thai relations since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two sides'], Dongnan Ya no. 2, (2000), p. 26.
    • (2000) Dongnan Ya , Issue.2 , pp. 26
    • Zhenming, Z.1
  • 164
    • 29344434648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Li Peng meets Thai crown prince'
    • (22 May) (FBIS)
    • 'Li Peng meets Thai crown prince', Beijing Xinhua, (22 May 1998), (FBIS).
    • (1998) Beijing Xinhua
  • 165
    • 29344472547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Thailand to give $10,000 in flood aid'
    • (26, August)
    • 'Thailand to give $10,000 in flood aid', Bangkok Post, (26 August 1998)
    • (1998) Bangkok Post
  • 166
    • 29344451175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'China threatens to put its money elsewhere'
    • (30 August)
    • Bhanravee Tansubhapol, 'China threatens to put its money elsewhere', Bangkok Post, (30 August 2001).
    • (2001) Bangkok Post
    • Tansubhapol, B.1
  • 167
    • 29344456924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'China donates 1b yuan to tsunami-hit countries'
    • See PRC Embassy in the US, available at
    • See 'China donates 1b yuan to tsunami-hit countries', PRC Embassy in the US, available at http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/xw/t181224.htm.
  • 168
    • 29344461701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Chinese tourists set to return to Phuket'
    • For example, see fnWeb.com, (29 March)
    • For example, see 'Chinese tourists set to return to Phuket', fnWeb.com, (29 March 2005).
    • (2005)
  • 169
    • 29344473040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Narcotics: Four-nation summit gets China boost; Surakiart buoyed by Beijing's response'
    • (21 July)
    • 'Narcotics: Four-nation summit gets China boost; Surakiart buoyed by Beijing's response', Bangkok Post, (21 July 2001)
    • (2001) Bangkok Post
  • 170
    • 29344435726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'China eager to host ACD's 2004 meeting'
    • (21 June); interview with Chinese scholars, Beijing, April 2004
    • Marisa Chimprabha, 'China eager to host ACD's 2004 meeting', The Nation, (21 June 2003); interview with Chinese scholars, Beijing, April 2004.
    • (2003) The Nation
    • Chimprabha, M.1
  • 171
    • 29344450599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Thai Falun Gong meeting shelved after pressure from China'
    • See Reuters, carried in on-line updates, (20 February)
    • See Reuters, 'Thai Falun Gong meeting shelved after pressure from China', carried in South China Morning Post on-line updates, (20 February 2001)
    • (2001) South China Morning Post
  • 172
  • 173
    • 29344447290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Caught between a rock and an awakening giant'
    • (8 September)
    • Songpol Kaopatumtip an Tunya Sukpanich, 'Caught between a rock and an awakening giant', Bangkok Post, (8 September 2002)
    • (2002) Bangkok Post
    • Kaopatumtip, S.1    Sukpanich, T.2
  • 174
    • 29344468849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Visa office denies bending to pressure'
    • (20 January)
    • 'Visa office denies bending to pressure', Bangkok Post, (20 January 2003).
    • (2003) Bangkok Post
  • 175
    • 29344436203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'China thanks Thailand for firm support'
    • See, for example, (22 June)
    • See, for example, Sermsuk Kasitipradit, 'China thanks Thailand for firm support', Bangkok Post, (22 June 2001)
    • (2001) Bangkok Post
    • Kasitipradit, S.1
  • 176
    • 29344440759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • '"Full text" of Sino-Thai joint communique on Thaksin's PRC visit'
    • and (29 August), (FBIS)
    • and '"Full text" of Sino-Thai joint communique on Thaksin's PRC visit', Xinhua Domestic Service, (29 August 2001), (FBIS).
    • (2001) Xinhua Domestic Service
  • 177
    • 0035171549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'China's foreign military relations with Asia-Pacific'
    • (November)
    • Kenneth W. Allen, 'China's foreign military relations with Asia-Pacific', Journal of Contemporary China 10(29), (November 2001), p. 661.
    • (2001) Journal of Contemporary China , vol.10 , Issue.29 , pp. 661
    • Allen, K.W.1
  • 178
    • 29344467386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'China assures Chavalit of its friendship'
    • (3 July)
    • Sermsuk Kasitipradit, 'China assures Chavalit of its friendship', Bangkok Post, (3 July 2001).
    • (2001) Bangkok Post
    • Kasitipradit, S.1
  • 179
    • 29344434881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'China ties might need a rethink'
    • (21 July)
    • Anuraj Manibhandu et al., 'China ties might need a rethink', Bangkok Post, (21 July 1997).
    • (1997) Bangkok Post
    • Manibhandu, A.1
  • 180
    • 29344436202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Close ties are no defence'
    • In October 2002, the Bangkok Post reported that General Thammarak Isarangkura na Ayudhaya, the newly appointed Thai defense minister, was alerted to his promotion when he was prematurely congratulated on it by General Zhang Wannian, Deputy Chairman of the PRC's Central Military Commission. Zhang is good friend of Chavalit's and Thammarak was Chavalit's choice to replace himself as defense minister. See
    • In October 2002, the Bangkok Post reported that General Thammarak Isarangkura na Ayudhaya, the newly appointed Thai defense minister, was alerted to his promotion when he was prematurely congratulated on it by General Zhang Wannian, Deputy Chairman of the PRC's Central Military Commission. Zhang is a good friend of Chavalit's, and Thammarak was Chavalit's choice to replace himself as defense minister. See 'Close ties are no defence', Bangkok Post, (10 October 2002).
    • (2002) Bangkok Post
  • 181
    • 29344462749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'High-ranking Chinese official in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region visiting Thailand'
    • One of the other officials was Deputy Prime Minister Wanmuhamatno Matha, who spearheaded security measures in the south as Minister of the Interior until March 2004, and who is himself a Muslim from southern Thailand. See (13 May),(FBIS)
    • One of the other officials was Deputy Prime Minister Wanmuhamatno Matha, who spearheaded security measures in the south as Minister of the Interior until March 2004, and who is himself a Muslim from southern Thailand. See Makoto Suzuki, 'High-ranking Chinese official in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region visiting Thailand', Sankei Shimbun, (13 May 2004), (FBIS).
    • (2004) Sankei Shimbun
    • Suzuki, M.1
  • 182
    • 29344439994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'China visit: Chinese president accepts invitation'
    • (6 December)
    • 'China visit: Chinese president accepts invitation', Bangkok Post, (6 December 1998)
    • (1998) Bangkok Post
  • 183
    • 29344463602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'In brief: Royal barge rehearsals start'
    • (2 September)
    • 'In brief: Royal barge rehearsals start', Bangkok Post, (2 September 1999)
    • (1999) Bangkok Post
  • 184
    • 29344455453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Buddha relic loaned to Thailand'
    • (16 December)
    • 'Buddha relic loaned to Thailand', South China Morning Post, (16 December 2002).
    • (2002) South China Morning Post
  • 185
    • 29344469523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Ministry of Education awards Thai princess'
    • (17 March),(FBIS)
    • 'Ministry of Education awards Thai princess', Beijing Xinhua, (17 March 2000), (FBIS)
    • (2000) Beijing Xinhua
  • 186
    • 29344465560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Chinese top legislator meets Thai princess'
    • (27 February), (FBIS)
    • 'Chinese top legislator meets Thai princess', Xinhua, (27 February 2004), (FBIS).
    • (2004) Xinhua
  • 187
    • 0004205937 scopus 로고
    • On this point, see for example (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley,)
    • On this point, see for example Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1979), pp. 125-127
    • (1979) Theory of International Politics , pp. 125-127
    • Waltz, K.1
  • 188
    • 84935995217 scopus 로고
    • (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,)
    • Stephen M. Walt, The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987)
    • (1987) The Origins of Alliances
    • Walt, S.M.1
  • 189
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* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.