Iran and the Asian Games: The largest sports event in the middle east

Sport in Society

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 449-467

  Amirtash, Ali Mohammad ^a  

^a KHARAZMI UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 29344447316     PISSN: 17430437     EISSN: 17430445     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17430430500249191     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Iranian National Statistics Centre, 2005.
2. F. Barzegar, History of Sports in Iran (Tehran: Physical Education Organization, 1971), p.22.
3. I am grateful to Keyhan-e-Varzeshi and Donya-e-Varzesh, hereafter KV and DV, for allowing me to use their old issues for more than six months. The logo of the Seventh Asian Games is taken from KV, 31 August 1974, p.34 (9 Shahrivar 1353sy).
4. I was personally active as one of the members of the executive committee of the 1974 Tehran Asian Games.
5. KV, 24 Aug. 1974, p.37 (2 Shahrivar 1353 Solar Year).
6. DV, 20 July 1974, p.22 (29 Teer 1353sy).
7. DV Ibid., 13 April 1974, p.9. (24 Farvardin 1353sy).
8. KV, 6 July 1974, p.30 (15 Teer 1353sy).
9. DV, 24 Aug. 1974, p.16 (2 Shahrivar 1353sy).
10. 1974 Iran Asian Report, online at www.tennisextra.com/olympiccollection. html.
11. DV, 21 Sept. 1974, pp.1, 2 (30 Shahrivar 1353sy).
12. KV, 6 Sept. 1975, p.3 (15 Shahrivar 1354sy).
13. DV, 7 Sept. 1974, pp.l, 2 (16 Shahrivar 1353sy).
14. R. Behnam Fraz, Overview of Sport in Iran and Iran in the Asian Games (NOC Publications, 1985), section on 1974 Asian Games.
15. KV, 20 July 1974, pp.30-3 (29 Teer 1353sy).
16. KV Ibid., 7 Sept. 1974, pp.4-5, 26-27 (16 Shahrivar 1353sy).
17. DV, 31 Aug. 1974, pp.24, 25 (9 Shahrivar 1353sy).
18. The number of bronze medals was more in the boxing contests.
19. The count of medals awarded in each event was: athletics 165, basketball 72, badminton 60, boxing 44, cycling 36, fencing 72, gymnastics 72, hockey 54, shooting 165, soccer 60, swimming 180, table tennis 51, tennis 48, Volleyball 72, weightlifting 81 and wrestling 60.
20. The final classification from fourth to nineteenth places in order was as follows: North Korea, South Korea, Israel, India, Thailand, Indonesia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Burma, Iraq, the Philippines, Malaysia, Kuwait and Afghanistan. The other six participants, namely Bahrain, Hong Kong, Laos, Cambodia, Nepal and South Vietnam, were not medallists in these games.
21. DV, 14 Sept. 1974, p.35 (23 Shahrivar 1353sy).
22. DV Ibid., 3 Aug. 1974, pp.22, 23 (12 Mordad 1353sy).
23. DV Ibid., 3 Aug. 1974, p.15 (12 Mordad 1353sy).
24. DV Ibid., 3 Aug. 1974, p.26 (12 Mordad 1353sy).
25. It was the first time that Iran had ranked second, with 81 medals in the Asian Games.
26. Fraz, Overview of Sport in Iran, pp.51-68.
27. DV, 7 Sept. 1974. p.14 (16 Shahrivar 1353sy).
28. KV, 17 Nov. 1973, p.23 (26 Aban 1352sy).
29. KV, 27 July 1974, p.16 (5 Mordad 1353sy).
30. KV, 11 Jan. 1975, p.12 (21 Day 1353sy).
31. KV Ibid., 21 Sept. 1974, p.31 (30 Shahrivar 1353sy).
32. KV Ibid., 10 Nov. 1973, p.5 (19 Aban 1352sy).
33. KV Ibid., 11 Jan. 1975, p.13. (21 Day 1353sy).
34. The major contests for medals in the different sporting events were among the following countries: In wrestling: Iran, Japan and Mongolia. In soccer: Iran, Israel and South Korea. In gymnastics: China, Japan and South Korea. In water polo: Iran, China and Japan. In swimming: Japan, South Korea and China. In track and field: Japan, China and Iran. In table tennis: China, Japan and South Korea. In badminton: China, Indonesia and Japan. In tennis: Japan, Iran and South Korea. In fencing: Iran, Thailand and Japan. In boxing: Japan, Iran and North Korea. In weightlifting: Japan, Iran and South Korea. In basketball: Israel, South Korea and China. In Volleyball: Japan South Korea and China. In cycling: Iran, Japan and Mongolia. In hockey: Pakistan, India and Japan.
35. KV, 21 Sept. 1974, p.14 (30 Shahrivar 1353sy).
36. KV Ibid.., 25 Aug. 1973, p.3 (3 Shahrivar 1352sy).
37. KV Ibid., 26 Jan. 1974, p.24 (6 Bahman 1352sy).
38. DV, 7 Sept. 1974, pp.14, 22 (16 Shahrivar 1353sy).
39. KV, 13 July 1974, p.24 (22 Tir 1353sy).
40. KV Ibid., 7 Feb. 1976, pp.2, 3 (18 Bahman 1354sy).
41. KV Ibid., 11 Jan. 1975, p.18 (21 day 1353sy).
42. KV Ibid., 7 Sept. 1974. p.16 (16 Shahrivar 1353sy).
43. DV, 31 Aug. 1974, p.28 (9 Shahrivar 1353sy).
44. KV, 13 April 1974, p.15 (24 Farvardin 1353sy).
45. KV Ibid., 13 July 1974, pp.30-3 (29 Tir 1353sy).
46. KV Ibid., 13 April 1974. p.16 (24 Farvardin 1353sy).
47. Personal experience of the author.
48. A useful reference is 1974 Iran Asian Games Report, which is published by Olympic Ebay Collections, available at www.tennis-extra.com/olympiccollections. html.
49. KV, 13 July 1974, p.25 (22 Teer 1353sy).
50. DV; 24 Aug. 1974, p.3 (2 Shahrivar 1353sy).
51. KV, 13 July 1974, p.24 (22 Teer 1353sy).
52. KV Ibid., 28 Sept. 1974, p.8 (6 Mehr 1353sy).
53. KV Ibid., 17 Nov. 1973, p.23 (26 Aban 1352sy).
54. KV Ibid., 17 Nov. 1973, p.5 (26 Aban 1352sy).
55. KV Ibid., 16 Feb. 1974, p.32 (27 Bahman 1352sy).
56. KV Ibid., 11 Jan. 1975, p.13 (21 Day 1353sy).
57. DV; 7 Sept. 1974, pp.1, 2 (16 Shahrivar 1353sy).
58. KV, 11 Jan. 1975, p.12 (21 Day 1353sy).
59. KV Ibid., 21 Sept. 1974, p.31 (30 Shhrivar 1353sy).
60. KV Ibid., 26 Jan. 1974, p.14 (6 Bahman 1352sy).
61. KV Ibid., 27 July 1974, p.11 (5 Mordad 1353sy).
62. KV Ibid., 16 Feb. 1974, pp.3, 32 (27 Bahman 1352sy).
63. KV Ibid., 16 Feb. 1974, pp.2, 30, 31 (27 Bahman 1352sy).
64. KV Ibid., 28 Sept. 1974, p.8 (6 Mehr 1353sy).
65. KV Ibid., 21 Sept. 1974, p.3 (30 Shhrivar 1353sy).
66. KV Ibid., 5 October 1974, p.18 (13 Mehr 1353sy).
67. KV Ibid., 14 Sept. 1974, p.5 (23 Shahrivar 1353sy).
68. DV; 10 Aug., 1974, pp.1, 2 (19 Mordad 1353sy).
69. Fraz, Overview of Sport in Iran, pp.51-68.
70. William Morris (ed.), The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1976), p.77.
71. An official document on sport in the Islamic Republic of Iran will be published by the Physical Education Organization in Tehran in 2005.
72. DV; 20 July 1974, p.11-14 (29 Tir 1353).
73. Ali Akbar Dehkhoda, Loghatnameh (Tehran: Moassesseh Loghatnameh, 1973), pp.150-5 of letter F.
74. DV; 7 Sept. 1974. p.14 (16 Shahrivar 1353sy).
75. DV Ibid., 7 Sept. 1974, pp.1, 2 (16 Shahrivar 1353sy).
76. International Zurkhaneh Sports Federation, NOC Publications, Tehran, 2004.
77. An ancient Iranian school of rhythmical physical fitness that is thought to have been reformed to train underground militants for overthrowing the Arab invaders of Iran about 500 years ago.
78. KV, 7 Sept. 1974, p.14 (16 Shahrivar 1353sy).
79. KV Ibid., 24 Aug. 1974, p.3 (2 Shahrivar 1353sy).
80. KV Ibid., 6 April 1974. p.18 (17 Farvardin 1353sy).
81. KV Ibid., 26 Jan. 1974, p.24 (6 Bahman 1352sy);
82. KV Ibid., 17 Nov. 1973, p.23 (26 Aban 1352sy).
83. DV; 17 Aug. 1973, p.12 (26 Mordad 1353sy).
84. DV Ibid., 24 Aug. 1974, p.3 (2 Shahrivar 1353sy).
85. KV, 3 Aug. 1974, pp.20, 21 (12 Mordad 1353sy).
86. DV, 20 July 1974, p.11 (29 Tir 1353sy).
87. KV, 20 July 1974, pp.30-3 (29 Tir 1353sy).
88. KV Ibid., 5 Oct. 1974, p.3 (13 Mehr 1353sy).
89. See note 71.
90. KV, 28 Sept. 1974, p.5 (6 Mehr 1353sy).
91. KV Ibid., 25 Aug. 1973, p.3 (3 Shahrivar 1352sy).