Changes in leaf morphology and anatomy with tree age and height in the broadleaved evergreen species, Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell

Trees - Structure and Function

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 79-90

  England, Jacqueline R ^a,b   Attiwill, Peter M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Ageing; Cuticle thickness; Leaf morphology; Leaf waxiness; Stomatal frequency; Tree height

Indexed keywords

MORPHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANTS (BOTANY); WATER; WAXES;

CUTICLE THICKNESS; LEAF MORPHOLOGY; LEAF WAXINESS; STOMATAL FREQUENCY; TREE HEIGHT;

FORESTRY;

FORESTRY; WATER;

EUCALYPTUS; EUCALYPTUS REGNANS;

EID: 29244487879     PISSN: 09311890     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00468-005-0015-5     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Apple M, et al. (2002) Needle anatomy changes with increasing tree age in Douglas-fir. Tree Physiol 22:129-136
2. Ashton DH (1981) Tall open-forests. In: Groves RH (ed) Australian vegetation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 121-151
3. Ashton DH, Turner JS (1979) Studies on the light compensation point of Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell. Aust J Bot 27:589-607
4. Bauerle WL, Hinckley TM, Cermak J, Kucera J, Bible K (1999) The canopy water relations of old-growth Douglas-fir trees. Trees 13:211-217
5. Blakely WF (1955) A key to the eucalypts. Forestry and Timber Bureau, Canberra, Australia
6. Boland DJ et al. (1992) Forest trees of Australia, 4th edn. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia
7. Bond BJ (2000) Age-related changes in photosynthesis of woody plants. Trends Plant Sci 5:349-353
8. Boyer JS (1968) Relationship of water potential to growth of leaves. Plant Physiol 43:1056-1062
9. Busgen M (1929) The structure and life of forest trees. Chapman and Hall, London, UK
10. Carr DJ, Carr SGM (1980) Eucalyptus stomata with occluded anterior chambers. Protoplasma 104:239-251
11. Carr DJ, Carr SGM (1990) Staurocytic stomatal complexes in species of Monocalyptus sensu Carr and Carr (Eucalyptus: Myrtaceae). Aust J Bot 38:45-52
12. Cermák J (1989) Solar equivalent leaf area: an efficient biometrical parameter of individual leaves, trees and stands. Tree Physiol 5:269-289
13. Connor DJ, Legge NJ, Turner NC (1977) Water relations of mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell.) forests. Aust J Plant Physiol 4:753-762
14. Day ME, Greenwood MS, White AS (2001) Age-related changes in foliar morphology and physiology in red spruce and their influence on declining photosynthetic rates and productivity with tree age. Tree Physiol 21:1195-1204
15. Eldridge KG (1972) Genetic variation in growth of Eucalyptus regnans. Forestry and Timber Bureau Bulletin No. 46. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra
16. England JR (2001) Changes in the morphology and anatomy of leaves and sapwood of Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell. with age. PhD Thesis. School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
17. Franich RA, Wells LG, Barnett JR (1977) Variation with tree age of needle cuticle topography and stomatal structure in Pinus radiata D. Don. Ann Bot Lond 41:621-626
18. Frederickson TS, et al. (1996) Diel and seasonal patterns of leaf gas exchange and xylem water potentials of different-sized Prunus serotina Ehrh. trees. Forest Sci 42:359-365
19. Gutschick VP (1999) Biotic and abiotic consequences of differences in leaf structure. New Phytol 143:3-18
20. Hallam ND, Chambers TC (1970) The leaf waxes of the genus Eucalyptus L'Heritier. Aust J Bot 18:335-386
21. Hellkvist J, Richards GP, Jarvis PG (1974) Vertical gradients of water potential and tissue water relations in Sitka spruce trees measured with the pressure chamber. J Appl Ecol 11:637-667
22. Hickey JE, Kostaglou P, Sargison GJ (2000) Tasmania's tallest trees. Tasforests 12:105-122
23. Hill RS (1998) Fossil evidence for the onset of xeromorphy and scleromorphy in Australian Proteaceae. Aust Syst Bot 11:391-400
24. Holmgren P, Jarvis PG, Jarvis MS (1965) Resistances to carbon dioxide and water vapour transfer in leaves of different plant species. Plant Physiol 18:57-573
25. Hubbard RM, Bond BJ, Ryan MG (1999) Evidence that hydraulic conductance limits photosynthesis in old Pinus ponderosa trees. Tree Physiol 19:165-172
26. Jeffree CE, Johnson RPC, Jarvis PG (1971) Epicuticular wax in the stomatal antechamber of Sitka spruce and its effects on the diffusion of water vapour and carbon dioxide. Planta 98:1-10
27. Jordon GJ, Potts BM, Wiltshire RJE (1999) Strong, independent, quantitative genetic control of the timing of vegetative phase change and first flowering in Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus (Tasmanian Blue Gum)
28. Kerstiens G (1996) Signalling across the divide: a wider perspective of cuticular structure-function relationships. Trends Plant Sci 1:125-129
29. King DA (1990) The adaptive significance of tree height. Am Nat 135:809-829
30. Koch GW, Sillett SC, Jennings GM, Davis SD (2004) The limits to tree height. Nature 428:851-854
31. Kozlowski TT, Davies WJ, Carlson SD (1974) Transpiration rates of Fraxinus americana and Acer saccharum leaves. Can J For Res 4:259-267
32. Kozlowski TT, Pallardy SG (1997) Physiology of woody plants, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego
33. Küppers M (1994) Canopy gaps: competitive light interception and economic space filling - a matter of whole-plant allocation. In: Caldwell MM, Pearcy RW (eds) Physiological ecology. A series of monographs, texts, and treatises. Exploitation of Environmental Heterogeneity by Plants. Ecological Processes Above- and Belowground. Academic Press, San Diego
34. Marshall JD, Monserud RA (2003) Foliage height influences specific leaf area of three conifer species. Can J For Res 33:164-170
35. Martin JT, Juniper BE (1970) The Cuticles of Plants. Edward Arnold, London, UK
36. Niinemets U (1996) Plant growth-form alters the relationship between foliar morphology and species shade-tolerance ranking in temperate woody taxa. Vegetatio 124:145-153
37. Niinemets U (1997) Distribution patterns of foliar carbon and nitrogen as affected by tree dimensions and relative light conditions in the canopy of Picea abies. Trees 11:144-154
38. Niinemets U (1999) Components of leaf mass per area - thickness and density - alter leaf photosynthetic capacity in reverse directions in woody plants. New Phytol 144:35-47
39. Niinemets U, Kull O (1994) Leaf weight per area and leaf size of 85 Estonian woody species in relation to shade tolerance and light availability. Forest Ecol Manage 70:1-10
40. Niinemets U, Kull O (1995) Effects of light availability and tree size on the architecture of assimilative surface in the canopy of Picea abies - variation in needle morphology. Tree Physiol 15:307-315
41. Nobel PS (1999) Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
42. Oberbauer SF, Strain BR (1986) Effects of canopy position and irradiance on the leaf physiology and morphology of Pentaclethra macroloba (Mimosaceae). Am J Bot 73:409-416
43. O'Brien TP, McCully ME (1981) The study of plant structure: principles and selected methods. Termarcarphi Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
44. O'Sullivan S (1999) The relationship between leaf area index, rainfall interception and free water use in different age classes of Eucalyptus regnans. PhD Thesis. Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
45. Osborn JM, Taylor TN (1990) Morphological and ultrastructural studies of plant cuticular membranes I. Sun and shade leaves of Quercus velutina (Fagaceae). Bot Gaz 151:465-476
46. Pallardy SG (1981) Closely related woody plants. In: Kozlowski TT (ed) Water deficits and plant growth, VI: woody plant communities. Academic Press, New York, pp 511-548
47. Polglase PJ, Attiwill PM (1992) Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in relation to stand age of Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell.: I. Return from plant to soil in litterfall. Plant Soil 142:157-166
48. Rebbeck J, Jensen KF, Greenwood MS (1993) Ozone effects on grafted mature and juvenile red spruce: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll concentration. Can J For Res 23:450-456
49. Riederer M, Schreiber L (2001) Protecting against water loss: analysis of the barrier properties of plant cuticles. J Exp Bot 52:2023-2032
50. Richardson AD, Berlyn GP, Ashton PMS, Thadani R, Cameron IR (2000) Foliar plasticity of hybrid spruce in relation to crown position and stand age. Can J Bot 78:305-317
51. Ryan MG, Yoder BJ (1997) Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth: what keeps trees from growing beyond a certain height? Bioscience 47:235-242
52. Sack L, Cowan PD, Jaikumar N, Holbrook NM (2003) The 'hydrology' of leaves: co-ordination of structure and function in temperate woody species. Plant Cell Environ 26:1343-1356
53. Schäfer KVR, Oren R, Tenhunen JD (2000) The effect of tree height on crown level stomatal conductance. Plant Cell Environ 23:365-375
54. Seddon G (1974) Xerophytes, xeromorphs and sclerophylls: the history of some concepts in ecology. Biol J Linn Soc 6:65-87
55. Shipley B (1995) Structured interspecific determinants of specific leaf area in 34 species of herbaceous angiosperms. Funct Ecol 9:312-319
56. Slatyer RO (1967) Plant-water relationships. Academic Press, London, UK
57. Stace HCT et al. (1972) A handbook of Australian soils. Rellim, Adelaide, Australia
58. Steele MJ, Coutts MP, Yeoman MM (1989) Developmental changes in Sitka spruce as indices of physiological age I. Changes in needle morphology. New Phytol 113:367-376
59. Tyree MT, Ewers EW (1991) The hydraulic architecture of trees and other woody plants. New Phytol 119:345-360
60. Vertessy RA, Watson EGR, O'Sullivan SK (2001) Factors determining relations between stand age and catchment water balance in mountain ash forests. For Ecol Manage 143:13-26
61. Warming E (1909) Ecology of plants: An introduction to the study of plant communities. Clarendon, Oxford, UK
62. Wiltshire RJE, Potts BM, Reid JB (1998). Genetic control of reproductive and vegetative phase change in the Eucalyptus risdonii-E. tenuiramis complex reference.
63. Woodruff DR, Bond BJ, Meinzer FC (2004) Does turgor limit growth in tall trees? Plant Cell Environ 27:229-236
64. Yoder BJ, Ryan MG, Waring RH, Schoettle AW, Kaufmann MR (1994) Evidence of reduced photosynthetic rates in old trees. Forest Sci 40:513-527
65. Zimmerman RH (1972) Juvenility and flowering in woody plants: a review. HortScience 7:447-455
66. Zimmermann MH (1983) Xylem structure and the ascent of sap. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany