메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 884-894

Open forum: Are you ready for lead-free electronics?

Author keywords

Lead free; RoHS; Tin lead soldering

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURE; ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY; LAMINATES; MOISTURE; PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS; RELIABILITY; SOLDERING; SOLDERING ALLOYS; TIN ALLOYS;

EID: 29244480314     PISSN: 15213331     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TCAPT.2005.859353     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (39)

References (113)
  • 2
    • 14644415927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The impact of lead-free legislation exemptions on the electronics industry"
    • Oct
    • M. Pecht, Y. Fukuda, and S. Rajagopal, "The impact of lead-free legislation exemptions on the electronics industry," IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manufact., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 221-232, Oct. 2004.
    • (2004) IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manufact. , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 221-232
    • Pecht, M.1    Fukuda, Y.2    Rajagopal, S.3
  • 3
    • 0842333942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Questions concerning the migration to leadfree solder"
    • R. Ciocci and M. Pecht, "Questions concerning the migration to leadfree solder," Circuit World, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 34-40, 2004.
    • (2004) Circuit World , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 34-40
    • Ciocci, R.1    Pecht, M.2
  • 4
    • 10444264785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Directive 2002/96/EC on waste of electrical and electronic equipment"
    • European Parliament, Feb
    • European Parliament, "Directive 2002/96/EC on waste of electrical and electronic equipment," Official J. Eur. Union, pp. L37/24-L37/ 38, Feb. 2003.
    • (2003) Official J. Eur. Union
  • 5
    • 10444219851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Directive 2002/95/EC/on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment"
    • European Parliament, Feb
    • European Parliament, "Directive 2002/95/EC/on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment," Official J. Eur Union, pp. L37/19-L37/23, Feb. 2003.
    • (2003) Official J. Eur. Union
  • 6
    • 29244474458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RoHS in Europe - The Current Position - An Update to NEDA. Tech. Rep., National Electronic Distributors Association (NEDA), Lead-Free Summit Presentations. [Online]. Available
    • G. Nevison. (2005) RoHS in Europe - The Current Position - An Update to NEDA. Tech. Rep., National Electronic Distributors Association (NEDA), Lead-Free Summit Presentations. [Online]. Available: http://www.nedassoc. org/Nevison.ppt
    • (2005)
    • Nevison, G.1
  • 7
    • 29244439183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost of Intel's Lead-Free Move Hits $100 M, and Counting
    • Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • S. Lemmon. (2005) Cost of Intel's Lead-Free Move Hits $100 M, and Counting. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.itworld.com/Comp/ 2076/050316intellead/
    • (2005)
    • Lemmon, S.1
  • 9
    • 1242308824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Evaluation of selected Japanese lead-free consumer electronics"
    • Oct
    • Y. Fukuda, P. Casey, and M. Pecht, "Evaluation of selected Japanese lead-free consumer electronics," IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manufact., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 305-312, Oct. 2003.
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manufact. , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 305-312
    • Fukuda, Y.1    Casey, P.2    Pecht, M.3
  • 10
    • 29244463500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Commission decision of 18 August 2005 amending directive 2002/95/ EC for the purpose of establishing the maximum concentration values for certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment"
    • European Parliament, Aug
    • European Parliament, "Commission decision of 18 August 2005 amending directive 2002/95/EC for the purpose of establishing the maximum concentration values for certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment," Official J. Eur. Union, Aug. 2005.
    • (2005) Official J. Eur. Union
  • 11
    • 29244468406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brussels, Belgium: European Commission, Technical Adaptation Committee
    • M. Ghyssaert, Email Communication. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission, Technical Adaptation Committee, 2004.
    • (2004) Email Communication
    • Ghyssaert, M.1
  • 13
    • 46149142937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Directive 2000/53/EC of 18 September 2000 on end-of life vehicles"
    • European Parliament, Oct
    • European Parliament, "Directive 2000/53/EC of 18 September 2000 on end-of life vehicles," Official J. Eur. Communities, pp. L269/ 34-L269/42, Oct. 2000.
    • (2000) Official J. Eur. Communities
  • 14
    • 46149142937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Directive 2000/53/EC of 18 September 2000 on End-of Life Vehicles"
    • European Parliament, Oct
    • European Parliament, "Directive 2000/53/EC of 18 September 2000 on End-of Life Vehicles," Official J. Eur. Communities, pp. L269/ 34-L269/42, Oct. 2000.
    • (2000) Official J. Eur. Communities
  • 16
    • 33645499404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Are the Military and Telecommunications Industries off the Hook on RoHS?"
    • ESB, Article 20 050126, Jan
    • ESB, "Are the Military and Telecommunications Industries off the Hook on RoHS?," The Electronic Source Book, Article 20 050126, Jan. 2005.
    • (2005) The Electronic Source Book
  • 19
    • 29244445038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Motion for a Resolution, on the draft Commission Decision Amending for the Purposes of Adapting to the Technical Progress the Annex to Directive 2002/95/EC on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment"
    • European Parliament, Tech. Rep., Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, CMT-2005-151 and CMT-2005-642
    • European Parliament, "Motion for a Resolution, on the draft Commission Decision Amending for the Purposes of Adapting to the Technical Progress the Annex to Directive 2002/95/EC on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment," Tech. Rep., Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, CMT-2005-151 and CMT-2005-642, 2005.
    • (2005)
  • 21
    • 29244471159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stakeholder Consultation on Adaptation to Scientific and Technical Progress Under Directive 2002/95/EC on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment for the Purpose of a Possible Amendment of the Annex
    • European Parliament. Tech. Rep., European Commission. [Online]. Available
    • European Parliament. (2005) Stakeholder Consultation on Adaptation to Scientific and Technical Progress Under Directive 2002/95/EC on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment for the Purpose of a Possible Amendment of the Annex. Tech. Rep., European Commission. [Online]. Available: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/waste/rohs_3_consult.htm
    • (2005)
  • 23
    • 29244471158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "General Purpose Lead-Free Assembly System Implementation Guideline"
    • HDP User Group International, Inc., Tech. Rep, Document Pbf04001, 1 ed
    • HDP User Group International, Inc., "General Purpose Lead-Free Assembly System Implementation Guideline," Tech. Rep, Document Pbf04001, 1 ed., 2004.
    • (2004)
  • 24
  • 25
    • 29244456937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced Interconnections Corp. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Advanced Interconnections Corp. (2005) Policy Statement, Lead-Free Initiative and Elimination of Banned Substances. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.advintcorp.com/lead_freestart.html?http://www. advintcorp.com/leadfree_policy.html
    • (2005) Policy Statement, Lead-Free Initiative and Elimination of Banned Substances
  • 26
    • 33846296335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Euroquartz Ltd.. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Euroquartz Ltd.. (2005) RoHS Directive - Company Statement. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.euroquartz.co.uk
    • (2005) RoHS Directive - Company Statement
  • 27
    • 84889436744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ITT Industries, Cannon. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • ITT Industries, Cannon. (2005) Roadmap for RoHS Complying Product. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.ittcannon.com/RoHS/docs/ RoHS_Roadmap_Conn.pdf
    • (2005) Roadmap for RoHS Complying Product
  • 28
    • 33846322990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midcom Policy Statement on RoHS Compliance and Lead-Free Products
    • Midcom Inc.. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Midcom Inc.. (2005) Midcom Policy Statement on RoHS Compliance and Lead-Free Products. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.midcom- inc.com/leadfree/Lead-Free.pdf
    • (2005)
  • 29
    • 29244443335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position Statement on Lead-Free Products and RoHS Compliance
    • Pulse Engineering Inc.. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Pulse Engineering Inc.. (2005) Position Statement on Lead-Free Products and RoHS Compliance. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.ttiinc. com/object/LF_pulse_position.html
    • (2005)
  • 30
    • 29244468733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Texas Instruments Inc.. Certificate Concerning Pb-Free Semiconductor Products. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Texas Instruments Inc.. (2005) Certificate Concerning Pb-Free Semiconductor Products. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://focus. ti.com/download/qlty/presentation/RoHS_Certificate.pdf
    • (2005)
  • 31
    • 77953731447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Material composition declaration for electronic products (JIG-101)
    • EIA/EICTA/JGPSS. Tech. Rep., Joint Industry Guide. [Online]. Available
    • EIA/EICTA/JGPSS. (2005) Material composition declaration for electronic products (JIG-101). Tech. Rep., Joint Industry Guide. [Online]. Available: http://www.eia.org/resources/2003-09-19.10.pdf
    • (2005)
  • 32
    • 29244485772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IBM. IBM Environmental Requirements for Materials, Parts, and Products. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • IBM. (2005) IBM Environmental Requirements for Materials, Parts, and Products. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.ibm.com/ibm/ environment/products/46g3772_072803.pdf
    • (2005)
  • 35
    • 29244432625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HAZMAT. (Sep.) Std. I2. [Online]. Available
    • HAZMAT. (2005, Sep.) Hazardous Materials Management. Std. I2. [Online]. Available: http://www.i2.com/solutionareas/sixone/content/hazmat.cfm
    • (2005) Hazardous Materials Management
  • 36
    • 29244485326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underwriters Laboratories Inc. UL iQ™ for Plastics. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (2005) UL iQ™ for Plastics. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://data.ul.com/ULiQ_Link/index.asp
    • (2005)
  • 37
    • 13844260519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Possible Compliance Approaches for Directive 2002/95/EC"
    • The RoHS Directive, ERA Rep. 2004-0134, ERA Project 043121262
    • P. Goodman, C. Robertson, R. Skipper, and J. Allen, "Possible Compliance Approaches for Directive 2002/95/EC," The RoHS Directive, ERA Rep. 2004-0134, ERA Project 043121262, 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Goodman, P.1    Robertson, C.2    Skipper, R.3    Allen, J.4
  • 38
    • 29244446123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CALCE Electronic Products Syst. Ctr., Univ. of Maryland. CALCE Test Services and Failure Analysis (TSFA) Laboratory. Tech. Rep., College Park, MD. [Online]. Available
    • CALCE Electronic Products Syst. Ctr., Univ. of Maryland. (2005) CALCE Test Services and Failure Analysis (TSFA) Laboratory. Tech. Rep., College Park, MD. [Online]. Available: http://www.calce.umd.edu/general/ Facilities
    • (2005)
  • 39
    • 29244441330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead-free Test and Inspection
    • Agilent Technologies. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Agilent Technologies. (2005) Lead-free Test and Inspection. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.agilent.com
    • (2005)
  • 40
    • 29244443844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systems integrity and test solutions
    • ERA Technology. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • ERA Technology. (2005) Systems integrity and test solutions. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.era.co.uk
    • (2005)
  • 41
    • 29244434416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled impedance test & design PCB test & troubleshooting systems
    • Polar. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Polar. (2005) Controlled impedance test & design PCB test & troubleshooting systems. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www. polarinstruments.com
    • (2005)
  • 42
    • 29244454914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead-Free
    • Soldertec. Tech. Rep, Hertfordshire, UK. [Online]. Available
    • Soldertec. (2005) Lead-Free. Tech. Rep, Hertfordshire, UK. [Online]. Available: http://www.tintechnology.biz/soldertec/ soldertec.aspx?page_id=0
    • (2005)
  • 43
    • 29244488914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another reason to choose Benchmark
    • Benchmark Electronics. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Benchmark Electronics. (2005) Another reason to choose Benchmark. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.bench.com
    • (2005)
  • 44
    • 29244469815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Celestica acquires design services provider
    • Celestica. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Celestica. (2005) Celestica acquires design services provider. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.celestica.com
    • (2005)
  • 45
    • 29244470689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focused on excellence
    • Jabil. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Jabil. (2005) Focused on excellence. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.jabil.com
    • (2005)
  • 46
    • 29244450022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unlocking value
    • Solectron. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Solectron. (2005) Unlocking value. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.solectron.com
    • (2005)
  • 47
    • 29244479097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Electrical characterization of lead-free solder separable contact interfaces"
    • J. Wu, M. G. Pecht, and R. S. Mroczkowski, "Electrical characterization of lead-free solder separable contact interfaces," J. Surface Mount Technol., vol. 15, pp. 25-29, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Surface Mount Technol. , vol.15 , pp. 25-29
    • Wu, J.1    Pecht, M.G.2    Mroczkowski, R.S.3
  • 48
    • 2342527055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Contact resistance and fretting corrosion of lead-free alloy coated electrical contacts"
    • J. Wu and M. G. Pecht, "Contact resistance and fretting corrosion of lead-free alloy coated electrical contacts," in Proc. Int. IEEE Conf. Asian Green Electronics, 2004, pp. 127-135.
    • (2004) Proc. Int. IEEE Conf. Asian Green Electronics , pp. 127-135
    • Wu, J.1    Pecht, M.G.2
  • 49
    • 27144556318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Measuring whisker growth on tin and tin alloy surface finishes"
    • JEDEC, Tech. Rep., JEDEC/EAI JESD22A-121
    • JEDEC, "Measuring whisker growth on tin and tin alloy surface finishes," Tech. Rep., JEDEC/EAI JESD22A-121, 2005.
    • (2005)
  • 52
    • 24144457938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations on lead-free finishes for components used in high-reliability products
    • NEMI. Tech. Rep., Tin Whisker User Group. [Online]. Available
    • NEMI. (2005) Recommendations on lead-free finishes for components used in high-reliability products. Tech. Rep., Tin Whisker User Group. [Online]. Available: http://thor.inemi.org/webdownload/projects/ese/ tin_whiskers/User_Group_mitigation_May05.pdf
    • (2005)
  • 53
    • 29244437726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Effect of heat treatment on tin whisker growth"
    • Chicago, IL, Sep. 26-30
    • Y. Fukuda, T. Fang, M. Pecht, and M. Osterman, "Effect of heat treatment on tin whisker growth," in Proc. Int. SMTA Conf., Chicago, IL, Sep. 26-30, 2004, pp. 717-723.
    • (2004) Proc. Int. SMTA Conf. , pp. 717-723
    • Fukuda, Y.1    Fang, T.2    Pecht, M.3    Osterman, M.4
  • 56
    • 29244457430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Tin whiskers: Their appearance and minimization in electronic connectors"
    • S. Lal, "Tin whiskers: Their appearance and minimization in electronic connectors," in Proc. AESF SUR/FIN, 2003, pp. 267-288.
    • (2003) Proc. AESF SUR/FIN , pp. 267-288
    • Lal, S.1
  • 57
    • 29244441558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Tin whisker qualification testing-eye-of-the-needle compliant pin products: Revision O"
    • Tech. Rep., Tyco-Electronics, Doc. 503-1006
    • R. D. Hilty, G. J. S. Chou, and M. K. Myers, "Tin whisker qualification testing-eye-of-the-needle compliant pin products: revision O," Tech. Rep., Tyco-Electronics, Doc. 503-1006, 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Hilty, R.D.1    Chou, G.J.S.2    Myers, M.K.3
  • 58
    • 0037651062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Field failure due to creep corrosion on components with palladium pre-plated leadframes"
    • P. Zhao and M. Pecht, "Field failure due to creep corrosion on components with palladium pre-plated leadframes," Microelectron. Reliab., vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 775-778, 2003.
    • (2003) Microelectron. Reliab. , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 775-778
    • Zhao, P.1    Pecht, M.2
  • 59
    • 23844550308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Mixed flowing gas studies of creep corrosion on plastic encapsulated microcircuit packages with noble metal pre-plated leadframes"
    • to be published
    • P. Zhao and M. Pecht, "Mixed flowing gas studies of creep corrosion on plastic encapsulated microcircuit packages with noble metal pre-plated leadframes," IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab., to be published.
    • IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab.
    • Zhao, P.1    Pecht, M.2
  • 61
    • 0003589784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Moisture/reflow sensitivity classification for nonhermetic solid state surface mount devices"
    • IPC, Tech. Rep., IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C
    • IPC, "Moisture/reflow sensitivity classification for nonhermetic solid state surface mount devices," Tech. Rep., IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C, 2004.
    • (2004)
  • 69
    • 29244479868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Manufacturing and reliability of Pb-free and mixed system assemblies (SnPb/Pb-Free) in avionics environments"
    • Chicago. IL, Sep. 21-25
    • D. Nelson, H. Pallavicini, Q. Zhang, P. Friesen, and A. Dasgupta, "Manufacturing and reliability of Pb-free and mixed system assemblies (SnPb/Pb-Free) in avionics environments," in Proc. SMTA Int. Annu. Conf., Chicago. IL, Sep. 21-25. 2003.
    • (2003) Proc. SMTA Int. Annu. Conf.
    • Nelson, D.1    Pallavicini, H.2    Zhang, Q.3    Friesen, P.4    Dasgupta, A.5
  • 70
    • 29244458021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "No HASL - What's the Hassle?"
    • J. O'Counell, "No HASL - What's the Hassle?," SMTnet, vol. 5, no. 12, 2003.
    • (2003) SMTnet , vol.5 , Issue.12
    • O'Counell, J.1
  • 72
    • 29244486334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "How lead-free solder affects PCB manufacturability"
    • Jan
    • S. Crum, "How lead-free solder affects PCB manufacturability," Electron. Packag. Prod., Jan. 2000.
    • (2000) Electron. Packag. Prod.
    • Crum, S.1
  • 74
    • 29244488915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPC. PCB Materials. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • IPC. (2005) PCB Materials. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://leadfree.ipc.org/RoHS_3-2-4.asp
    • (2005)
  • 79
    • 33846288029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • iNEMI Members Want Unique Part Numbers for RoHS-Compliant Components
    • iNEMI. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • iNEMI. (2005) iNEMI Members Want Unique Part Numbers for RoHS-Compliant Components. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.inemi.org/cms/ newsroom/PR/2005/PR04272005.html
    • (2005)
  • 80
    • 29244481020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Electronic Distributors Association (NEDA). Distributors' Position Paper on Lead-Free Product Transition and RoHS Compliance. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • National Electronic Distributors Association (NEDA). (2005) Distributors' Position Paper on Lead-Free Product Transition and RoHS Compliance. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.nedassoc.org/ leadfree.pdf
    • (2005)
  • 81
    • 29244452286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Progress on lead-free components spotty"
    • Tech. Rep. 20 041 117, [Online] Available
    • "Progress on lead-free components spotty," Tech. Rep. 20 041 117, The Electronic Source Book, [Online] Available: http://www.sourceesb. com/configurable/article20041117.html, 2004.
    • (2004) The Electronic Source Book
  • 86
    • 29244433923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RoHS compliance notice and roadmap, ACTION#2-RoHS compliant material identification, product change notice
    • NIC Components Corporations. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • NIC Components Corporations. (2005) RoHS compliance notice and roadmap, ACTION#2-RoHS compliant material identification, product change notice. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.niccomp.com/ NIC_RoHS_Compliance_Statement_1004.pdf
    • (2005)
  • 93
  • 104
    • 29244442467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACI. American Competitiveness Institute. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • ACI. (2005) American Competitiveness Institute. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.aciusa.org/wwwaci/html/frames.html
    • (2005)
  • 105
    • 29244489729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Sep.) Tech. Rep., National Physical Laboratory (NPL). [Online]. Available
    • M. Reynolds. (2005, Sep.) Lead-free: Recipe for compliance. Tech. Rep., National Physical Laboratory (NPL). [Online]. Available: http://www. electronicsweekly.com/Article37920.htm
    • (2005) Lead-free: Recipe for Compliance
    • Reynolds, M.1
  • 106
    • 29244466699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soldertec. Tin Technology. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Soldertec. (2005) Tin Technology. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.tintechnology.biz/soldertec/soldertec.aspx?page_id= 583&SelectedMenu_ID=179
    • (2005)
  • 107
    • 29244476703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead Free Implementation
    • Bolton Institute. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Bolton Institute. (2005) Lead Free Implementation. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.ami.ac.uk/courses/marketing/lfi/index.html
    • (2005)
  • 108
    • 29244485773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cookson Electronics and Partners Launch Suite of Lead-Free Electronic Assembly Training Courses
    • Cookson Electronics and Partners. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Cookson Electronics and Partners. (2005) Cookson Electronics and Partners Launch Suite of Lead-Free Electronic Assembly Training Courses. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.automatedlearning.com/ resources/cookson_press.cfm
    • (2005)
  • 109
    • 29244461289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FlipChips Dot Com. IPC Lead-free half-day courses. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • FlipChips Dot Com. (2005) IPC Lead-free half-day courses. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.flipchips.com/apnotes/ Hwangleadfreecourses.htm
    • (2005)
  • 110
    • 29244456938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circuit Technology Center. IPC Training Programs for Circuit Board Inspection, Soldering and Rework. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Circuit Technology Center. (2005) IPC Training Programs for Circuit Board Inspection, Soldering and Rework. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.circuittechctr.com/training/0250033.shtml
    • (2005)
  • 111
    • 29244436239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIM solder. Lead-Free Training. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • AIM solder. (2005) Lead-Free Training. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.aimsolder.com/lead_free.cfm?section=training
    • (2005)
  • 112
    • 29244484636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kester University. Lead-Free Solutions. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Kester University. (2005) Lead-Free Solutions. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.kester.com/en-us/leadfree/ lfsku-kesteruniversity.aspx
    • (2005)
  • 113
    • 29244470688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oki Inc.. Environmental Conservation Activities. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available
    • Oki Inc.. (2005) Environmental Conservation Activities. Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.oki.com/en/eco/2004/22.pdf
    • (2005)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.