A case-control study of offenders with high functioning autistic spectrum disorders

Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 747-763

  Woodbury Smith, Marc R ^a,e   Clare, Isabel C H ^a   Holland, Anthony J ^a   Kearns, Anthony ^b   Staufenberg, Ekkehart ^c   Watson, Peter ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b CHASE FARM HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c Little Plumstead Hospital   (United Kingdom)

^d MRC COGNITION AND BRAIN SCIENCES UNIT   (United Kingdom)

^e YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

ASDs; Empathy; Executive function; Mental disorders; Offending; Theory of mind

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR; AUTISM; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRIME; EMOTION; FEAR; FEMALE; FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY; HUMAN; MALE; OFFENDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 29244469624     PISSN: 14789949     EISSN: 14789957     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14789940500302554     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Adshead, G. (1998) Psychiatric staff as attachment figures British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, pp. 64-69.
2. Baddeley, A. (1996) Exploring the central executive The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49, pp. 5-28.
3. Barnard, J. and Harvey, V. and Prior, A. and Potter, D. (2001) Ignored or ineligible? The reality for adults with autistic spectrum disorders. London: National Autistic Society.
4. Barnard, J. and Prior, A. and Potter, D. (2000) Inclusion and autism: Is it working?. London: National Autistic Society.
5. Baron-Cohen, S. (1988) An assessment of violence in a young man with Asperger's Syndrome Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29, pp. 351-360.
6. Baron-Cohen, S. (1995) Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind. Boston MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
7. Baron-Cohen, S. (2000) Theory of mind and autism: A fifteen-year review. In Understanding other minds. (Vol. 2). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
8. Baron-Cohen, S. and Mortimore, C. and Moriarty, J. and Izaguirre, J. and Robertson, M. (1999) The prevalence of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome in children and adolescents with autism Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, pp. 213-218.
9. Baron-Cohen, S. and Ring, H. and Bullmore, E. and Wheelwright, S. and Ashwin, C. and Williams, S. (2000) The amygdala theory of autism Neuroscience and Behavioural Reviews, 24, pp. 355-364.
10. Baron-Cohen, S. and Wheelwright, S. and Hill, J. (2001) The 'Reading The Mind in the Eyes' test revised version: A study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger Syndrome or high-functioning autism Journal of Child Psychiatry and Psychiatry, 42, pp. 241-252.
11. Barry-Walsh, J. and Mullen, P. (2004) Forensic aspects of Asperger's Syndrome The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 15, pp. 96-107.
12. Blair, J. (2003) Neurobiological basis of psychopathy British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, pp. 5-7.
13. Blair, J. and Sellers, C. and Strickland, I. and Clark, F. and Williams, A. and Smith, M. and Jones, L. (1996) Theory of mind in the psychopath The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 7, pp. 15-25.
14. Blair, R. (1995) A cognitive developmental approach to mortality: Investigating the psychopath Cognition, 57, pp. 1-29.
15. Blair, R. (1997) Moral reasoning and the child with psychopathic tendencies Personality and Individual Differences, 22, pp. 731-739.
16. Blair, R. and Coles, M. (2000) Expression recognition and behavioural problems in early adolescence Cognitive Development, 15, pp. 421-434.
17. Blair, R. and Colledge, E. and Murray, L. and Mitchell, D. (2001) A selective impairment in the processing of sad and fearful expressions in children with psychopathic tendencies Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, pp. 491-498.
18. Blair, R. and Jones, L. and Clark, F. and Smith, M. (1997) The psychopathic individual: A lack of responsiveness to distress cues Psychophysiology, 34, pp. 192-198.
19. Blair, R. and Mitchell, D. and Peschardt, K. and Colledge, E. and Leonard, R. and Shine, J. and (2004) Reduced sensitivity to others' fearful expressions in psychopathic individuals Personality and Individual Difference, 37, pp. 1111-1122.
20. Brower, M. and Price, B. (2001) Neuropsychiatry of frontal lobe dysfunction in violent and criminal behaviour: A critical review Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 71, pp. 720-726.
21. Burgess, P. and Alderman, N. and Evans, J. and Emslie, H. and Wilson, B. (1998) The ecological validity of tests of executive function Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, pp. 547-558.
22. Calder, A. and Keane, J. and Manly, T. and Sprengelmeyer, R. and Scott, S. and Nimmo-Smith, I. and Young, A. (2003) Facial expression recognition across the adult life span Neuropsychologia, 41, pp. 195-202.
23. Chen, P. and Chen, S. and Yang, Y. and Yeh, T. and Chen, C. and Lo, H. (2003) Asperger's disorder: A case report of repeated stealing and collecting behaviours of an adolescent patient Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 107, pp. 73-76.
24. Chesterman, P. and Rutter, S. (1993) Case report: Asperger's Syndrome and sexual offending Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 4, pp. 555-562.
25. Department of Health. (1992) Review of services for mentally disordered offenders. London: Department of Health.
26. Dinn, W. and Harris, C. (2000) Neurocognitive function in antisocial personality disorder Psychiatry Research, 97, pp. 173-190.
27. Dolan, M. (1994) Psychopathy: A neurobiological perspective British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, pp. 151-159.
28. Dolan, M. and Anderson, I. (2002) Executive and memory function and its relationship to trait impulsivity and aggression in personality disordered offenders Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 13, pp. 503-526.
29. Dolan, M. and Fullam, R. (2004) Theory of mind and mentalising ability in antisocial personality disorders with and without psychopathy Psychological Medicine, 34, pp. 1093-1102.
30. Dolan, M. and Park, I. (2002) The neuropsychology of antisocial personality disorder Psychological Medicine, 32, pp. 417-427.
31. Ekman, P. and Friesen, W. (1976) Pictures of facial affect. Palo Alto CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
32. Farrington, D. (2002) Key results from the first forty years of the Cambridge study in delinquent development. In Taking stock of delinquency: An overview of findings from contemporary longitudinal studies. (pp. 137-183). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
33. Farrington, D. (2003) Developmental and life course criminology: Key theoretical and clinical issues Criminology, 41, pp. 201-235.
34. Gillberg C. Billstedt E. 2000 Autism and Asperger syndrome: Coexistence with other clinical disorders Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 102 321-330
35. Happé, F. (1994) An advanced test of theory of mind: Understanding of story characters' thoughts and feelings by able autistic, mentally handicapped, and normal children and adults Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, pp. 129-154.
36. Hare, D. and Gould, J. and Mills, R. and Wing, L. (1999) A preliminary study of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders in three special hospitals in England. London: National Autistic Society.
37. Hare, R. (1984) Performance of psychopaths on cognitive tasks related to frontal lobe function Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, pp. 133-140.
38. Hare, R. (2003) The Hare Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (2nd ed.). Toronto ON: Multi-Health Systems.
39. Hill, E. (2004) Executive dysfunction in autism Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, pp. 26-32.
40. Hobson, R. (1986a) The autistic child's appraisal of expressions of emotion Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 27, pp. 321-342.
41. Hobson, R. (1986b) The autistic child's appraisal of expressions of emotion: A further study Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 27, pp. 671-680.
42. Hoffman, M. (2000) Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
43. Holland, A. and Clare, I. and Baron-Cohen, S. and Woodbury-Smith, M. (2000) Current issues surrounding the diagnosis, management and treatment of children and adults with Asperger's Syndrome. London: Department of Health.
44. Holland, T. and Clare, I. and Mukhopadhyay, T. (2002) Prevalence of 'criminal offending' by men and women with intellectual disability and the characteristics of 'offenders': Implications for research and service development Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46, pp. 6-20.
45. Hosmer, D. and Lemeshow, S. (2000) Applied logistic regression (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
46. Howlin, P. (2004) Autism and Asperger Syndrome (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
47. Hughes, C. and Russell, J. and Robbins, T. (1994) Evidence for executive dysfunction in autism Neuropsychologia, 32, pp. 477-492.
48. Hulburt, R. and Happé, F. and Frith, U. (1994) Sampling the inner experience of autism: A preliminary report Psychological Medicine, 24, pp. 385-395.
49. Jolliffe, D. and Farrington, D. (2004) Empathy and offending: A systematic review and meta-analysis Aggression and Violent Behaviour, 9, pp. 441-476.
50. Klin, A. and Jones, W. and Schultz, R. and Volkmar, F. and Cohen, D. (2002) Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social communication in individuals with autism Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, pp. 809-816.
51. Kohn, Y. and Fahum, T. and Ratzoni, G. and Apter, A. (1998) Aggression and sexual offence in Asperger's Syndrome Israeli Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 35, pp. 293-299.
52. Lapierre, D. and Braun, C. and Hodgins, S. (1995) Ventral frontal deficits in psychopathy: Neuropsychological test findings Neuropsychologia, 33, pp. 139-151. [Erratum in Neuropsychologia, 33, 1059]
53. Lord, C. and Rutter, M. and Le Couteur, A. (1994) Autism Diagnostic Interview - revised Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, pp. 659-686.
54. Mawson, D. and Grounds, A. and Tantam, D. (1985) Violence and Asperger's Syndrome: A case study British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, pp. 566-569.
55. Moore, D. (2001) Reassessing emotion recognition performance in people with mental retardation: A review American Journal of Mental Retardation, 106, pp. 481-502.
56. Morgan, A. and Lilienfeld, S. (2000) A meta-analytic review of the relation between antisocial behavior and neuropsychological measures of executive function Clinical Psychology Review, 20, pp. 113-136.
57. Murphy, D. (2003) Admission and cognitive details of male patients diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome detained in special hospital: Comparison with a schizophrenia and personality disorder sample Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 14, pp. 506-524.
58. Murrie, D. and Warren, J. and Kristiansson, M. and Dietz, P. (2002) Asperger's Syndrome in forensic settings International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 1, pp. 59-70.
59. Palermo, M. (2004) Pervasive developmental disorders, psychiatric comorbidities, and the law International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 48, pp. 40-48.
60. Pithers, W. (1999) Empathy: Definition, enhancement, and relevance to the treatment of sexual abuser Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, pp. 257-284.
61. Psychological Corporation, The. (1999) Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. San Antonio TX: The Psychological Corporation.
62. Richell, R. and Mitchell, D. and Newman, C. and Leonard, A. and Baron-Cohen, S. and Blair, R. (2003) Theory of mind and psychopathy: Can psychopathic individuals read the 'language of the eyes' Neuropsychologia, 41, pp. 523-526.
63. Scragg, P. and Shah, A. (1994) Prevalence of Asperger's Syndrome in a secure hospital British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, pp. 679-682.
64. Shallice, T. and Burgess, P. (1991) Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man Brain, 114, pp. 727-741.
65. Silva, J. and Ferrari, M. and Leong, G. (2002) The case of Jeffrey Dahmer: Sexual serial homicide from a neuropsychiatric perspective Journal of Forensic Sciences, 47, pp. 1-13.
66. Stata Corporation. (2003) Stata version 8. College Station TX: Stata Corporation.
67. Stone, V. and Baron-Cohen, S. and Knight, R. (1998) Frontal lobe contributions to theory of mind Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, pp. 640-656.
68. Tantam, D. (1991) Asperger Syndrome in adulthood. In U Frith (Ed.) Autism and Asperger Syndrome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
69. University of Cambridge. (2002) Mind reading: The interactive guide to emotions (release 1.0). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
70. Viding, E. (2004) Annotation: Understanding the development of psychopathy Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 45, pp. 1329-1337.
71. Wilson, B. and Alderman, N. and Burgess, P. and Emslie, H. and Evans, J. (1996) Behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome. Bury St Edmunds UK: Thames Valley Test Company.
72. Wing, L. (1997) Asperger's Syndrome: Management requires diagnosis Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 8, pp. 253-257.
73. Wolff, P. and Waber, D. and Bauermeister, M. and Cohen, C. and Ferber, R. (1982) The neuropsychological status of adolescent delinquent boys Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 23, pp. 267-279.
74. World Health Organisation. (1992) tenth edition International classification of diseases. Geneva: WHO.
75. Yeudall, L. and Fromm-Auch, D. and Davies, P. (1982) Neuropsychological impairment of persistent delinquency Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 170, pp. 257-265.
76. Young, A. and Perrett, D. and Calder, A. and Sprengelmeyer, R. and Ekman, P. (2001) Facial expressions of emotion: Stimuli and tests (FEEST). Bury St Edmonds: Thames Valley Test Company.