A fatal intoxication following the ingestion of 5-methoxy-N,N- dimethyltryptamine in an ayahuasca preparation

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

Volumn 29, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 838-841

  Sklerov, Jason ^a   Levine, Barry ^a,b   Moore, Karla A ^b   King, Theodore ^b   Fowler, David ^b  

^a Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner   (United States)

^b OFFICE OF THE CHIEF MEDICAL EXAMINER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

5 METHOXY N,N DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE; AYAHUASCA EXTRACT; BETA CARBOLINE; BORIC ACID; BUFFER; HARMINE; PLANT EXTRACT; PSYCHEDELIC AGENT; TETRAHYDROHARMINE; TRYPTAMINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; ALKALINIZATION; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; CASE REPORT; DEATH; ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY; EXTRACTION; HUMAN; INTOXICATION; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MALE; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS;

BANISTERIOPSIS CAAPI;

EID: 29144529744     PISSN: 01464760     EISSN: 01464760     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jat/29.8.838     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. J.H. Halpern. Hallucinogens and dissociative agents naturally growing in the United States. Pharmacol. Ther. 102: 131-138 (2004).
2. J.C. Callaway and C.S. Grob. Ayahuasca preparations and serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a potential combination for severe adverse interactions. J. Psychoactive Drugs 30: 367-369 (1998).
3. M.J. Schwartz, P.J. Houghton, S. Rose, P. Jenner, and A.D. Lees. Activities of extract and constituents of Banisteriopsis caapi relevant to parkinsonism. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 75: 627-633 (2003).
4. K.P. Lippke, W.G. Schunack, W. Wenning, and W.E. Muller. β-Carbolines as benzodiazepines receptor ligands: 1. Synthesis and benzodiazepines receptor interaction of esters of β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid. J. Med. Chem. 26: 499-503 (1983).
5. M. Yritia, J. Riba, J. Ortuño, A. Ramirez, A. Castillo, Y. Alfaro, R. de la Torre, and M.J. Barbanoj. Determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carboline alkaloids in human plasma following oral administration of Ayahuasca. J. Chromatogr. B 779: 271-281 (2002).
6. C.P. O'Brien. Drug addiction and abuse. In Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed., J.G. Hardman, L.E. Limbird, P.M. Molinoff, R.W. Ruddon, and A. GiIman, Eds. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1996, p 573.
7. J. Riba, M. Valle, G. Urbano, M. Yritia, A. Morte, and M.J. Barbanoj. Human pharmacology of ayahuasca: Subjective and cardiovascular effects, monoamine metabolite excretion, and pharmacokinetics. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 306: 73-83 (2003).
8. J. Ott. Pharmahuasca: Human pharmacology of oral DMT plus harmine. J. Psychoactive Drugs 31: 171-177 (1999).
9. J. Riba, A. Rodriguez-Fornells, G. Urbano, A. Morte, R. Antonijoan, M. Montero, J.C. Callaway, and M.J. Barbanoj. Subjective effects and tolerability of the South American psychoactive beverage Ayahuasca in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology 154: 85-95 (2001).
10. D.J. McKenna. Clinical investigations of the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca: rationale and regulatory challenges. Pharmacol. Ther. 102: 111-129 (2004).
11. J.C. Callaway, D.J. McKenna, C.S. Grob, G.S. Brito, L.P. Raymon, R.E. Poland, E.N. Andrade, E.O. Andrade, and D.C. Mash. Pharmacokinetics of Hoasca alkaloids in healthy humans. J. Ethnopharmacol. 65: 243-256 (1999).
12. A. Shulgin and A. Shulgin. Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved: The Continuation, D. Joy, Ed. Transform Press, Berkeley, CA, 1997.
13. J.C. Callaway, L.P. Raymond, W.L. Hearn, D.J. McKenna, C.S. Grob, G.S. Brito, and D.C. Mash. Quantitation of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmala alkaloids in human plasma after oral dosing with Ayahuasca. J. Anal. Toxicol. 20: 492-497 (1996).
14. K. Pfleger, H.H. Maurer, and A. Weber. Mass Spectral and GC Data of Drugs, Poisons, Pesticides, Pollutants and Their Metabo - lites Part II. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1992, p 74.
15. R.A. Morano, C. Spies, F.B. Walker, and S.M. Plank. Fatal intoxication involving ethyltryptamine. J. Forensic Sci. 38: 721-725 (1993)
16. R.J. Warren. Fatal intoxication resulting from the ingestion of "Ayahuasca". Abstract. J. Anal. Toxicol. 28: 287 (2004).
17. R. Meatherall and P. Sharma. Foxy, a designer tryptamine hallucinogen. J. Anal. Toxicol. 27: 313-317 (2003).
18. S.P. Vorce and J.H. Sklerov. A general screening and confirmation approach to the analysis of designer tryptamines and phenethylamines in blood and urine using GC-EI-MS and HPLC-electrospray-MS. J. Anal. Toxicol. 28: 407-410 (2004).
19. D.E. Brush, S.B. Bird, and E.W. Boyer. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor poisoning resulting from internet misinformation on illicit substances. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 42: 191-195 (2004).