Science foundations: A novelty in Russian science

Science

Volumn 310, Issue 5755, 2005, Pages 1772-1773

  Dezhina, Irina ^a   Graham, Loren R ^b  

^a Institute for the Economy in Transition   (Russian Federation)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SCIENCE IN GENERAL;

BUDGET; EVALUATION; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; GENDER; GOVERNMENT; HISTORY; HUMAN; HUMANITIES; JOB PERFORMANCE; NON PROFIT ORGANIZATION; PEER REVIEW; POLITICAL SYSTEM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; RUSSIAN FEDERATION; SCIENCE; SHORT SURVEY; SOCIOLOGY; ARTICLE; ECONOMICS; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; STATISTICS;

BUDGETS; FINANCING, GOVERNMENT; FOUNDATIONS; GOVERNMENT AGENCIES; HUMANITIES; RESEARCH SUPPORT; RUSSIA; SCIENCE;

EID: 29144516315     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1117855     Document Type: Short Survey

References (20)

1. D. Bok, New York Times, 17 November 1996, p.A1.
2. L. R. Graham, in What Have We Learned About Science and Technology from the Russian Experience? (Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, 1998), pp. 74-97.
3. I. Dezhina, The International Science Foundation: The Preservation of Basic Science in the Former Soviet Union (Open Society Institute, New York, 2000), p. 151.
4. For example, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation, the Civilian Research and Development Foundation, foreign scientific professional societies, the International Association for the Promotion of Cooperation with Scientists of the Former Soviet Union, the European Union, the International Science and Technology Center, the Humboldt Foundation, the Max Planck Society, and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.
5. G. Kochetkov, I. Nikolaev, "The Russian science foundation: An unfinished history," MIT Workshop, 1994, p. 9.
6. An organizer of these visits on the U.S. side was H. Balzer of Georgetown University.
7. Conversations of L. Graham with DFG officials, Bad Godesbug, 4 February 2004. In subsequent discussion with RFBR officials, I. Dezhina was told that originally the major model for the RFBR was the NSF, but that after the RFBR had started its operations, the experience of some other foreign organizations and foundations, including the DFG, were taken into account.
8. This has grown from the initial level. Until 1997, the RFBR received 4% of federal budget expenditures for civilian science, and the RFH received 0.5%.
9. For 2003, the total intramural expenditures on R&D were 169,862.4 million rubles. Federal expenditures on civilian R&D (including space) were 46,867 million rubles (10).
10. Science in Russia at a Glance: 2004 (Statistical yearbook) [in Russian] (Center for Science Research and Statistics, Moscow, 2004), pp. 68-69.
11. Novosti RFBR (5), 3 (August 1998).
12. V. Kliaus, Nezavisimaia gazeta-nauka (27 October 2004), p. 12.
13. A. Alakhverdian, I. Dezhina, A. Iurevich, Mirovaia ekon. mezhdunarodnye otnoshenii (5), 35 (1996).
14. I. Dezhina, Position of Women-Researchers in Russian Science and the Role of Foundations (TEIS Press, Moscow State Univ., Moscow, 2003).
15. (12), pp. 124-125.
16. I. Dezhina, in The Russian Economy in 2003: Tendencies and Prospects [No. 25, Institute for the Economy in Transition Period (IEPP), Moscow, 2004], p. 256.
17. For a discussion of the general funding situation in Russian science, see in English: I. Dezhina and L. R. Graham, "Russian basic science after ten years of transition and foreign support" (Working paper 24, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC, 2002); (www.ceip.org).
18. And in Russian: Nauka Rossii v tsifrakh: statisticheskii sbornik [Russian science in numbers: Statistical collection] [TsISN (Center for Science Research and Statistics), Moscow, annual volumes].
19. S. L. Meyers, C. J. Chivers, S. R. Weisman, New York Times, 24 November 2005, p. A1.
20. We would like to thank the NSF for research support.