"Another kind of life": Adventure racing and epic expeditions

To the Extreme: Alternative Sports, Inside and Out

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 219-253

  Bell, Martha ^a  

^a MASSEY UNIVERSITY   (New Zealand)

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Indexed keywords

EID: 29144504602     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (220)

1. Audrey S. Keller, "The World Mountain Bike Championships", Hemispheres, Sep. 1994, p. 97.
2. Rob Greenaway, "From the sublime to the ridiculous", New Zealand Adventure, No. 80(Dec. 96-Jan 97), p. 61.
3. Alan Ewert, Outdoor Adventure: Foundations, Models, Pursuits and Theories (Columbus: Publishing Horizons, 1989).
4. Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949);
5. Maureen Murdock, The Heroine's Journey (Boston: Shambhala, 1990).
6. "Bungy company stretches into new adventure territory", Otago Daily Times, 21 Feb. 1994, p. 20.
7. Jock Phillips, A Man's Country? (rev. ed.) (Auckland: Penguin Books, 1996), pp. 2-42, 264, and 272.
8. "Raid Gauloises: History", http://www.raid-gauloises.com/web- anglais/esprit-histoire/histoire/histoire1989.html.
9. David Williams, "National Geographic to broadcast race", Otago Daily Times, 28 Sep. 1998, p. 1.
10. Andrew Sanders, "True grit hardly for show", Sunday Star-Times, 17 Aug. 1997, Sec. B, p. 10.
11. Alan Nelson, "Damn Kiwis and Slide Alder", New Zealand Adventure, No. 79(Oct-Nov. 1996), pp. 52-55;
12. Nelson, "Head and Shoulders Above the Rest: The 1997 Eco-Challenge", New Zealand Adventure, No. 85(Oct-Nov. 1997), pp. 55-56;
13. Sanders, "Defending champ leads", Sunday Star-Times, 17 Aug. 1997, Sec. B, p. 10.
14. "Team Success", Otago Daily Times, 29 Sep. 1998, p. 11.
15. Marc Hinton, "Beastly test of mind and body", Sunday Star-Times, 6 Dec. 1998, Sec. B, p. 9.
16. Sanders, "True grit", p. 10.
17. "Raid Gauloises: A Sports-Nature-Adventure Concept", http://www.raid-gauloises.com/web-anglais/esprit-histoire/concept.html.
18. "About Eco-Challenge", http://www.ecochallenge.com/aboutEco. html.
19. Tony di Zinno & Derek Paterson, "The Biggest Little Adventure Race in the World", http://www.southerntraverse.com/html/race96.html.
20. Head 2 Head, ad, New Zealand Adventure, No. 90(Aug-Sep. 1998), p. 54.
21. John Hellemans, "Auckland World Cup-Wet & Wild", New Zealand Multisport, April-May 1997, p. 25.
22. "The Capital Quad", New Zealand Adventure, No. 87(Feb-March 1998), p. 61.
23. Hellemans, "Auckland World Cup", 1997, p. 25.
24. Bruce Ansley, Coast to Coast (Lyttelton: Icon Publishers, 1984);
25. Margie Baker, Coast to Coast (Lyttelton: Icon Publishers, 1986).
26. David and Margot Burton, "The Flying Scott", New Zealand Adventure, No. 88(April-May 1998), p. 54.
27. Michael Jacques, "Fifteen years from Kumara to Sumner: The Speight's Coast to Coast", New Zealand Multisport, April-May 1997, p. 21.
28. Robin Judkins, Coast to Coast race director, personal communication, Christchurch, New Zealand, 22 Sep. 1998.
29. Jacques, "Fifteen years", p. 17.
30. Terry Moore, "Longest Day Grows", New Zealand Adventure, No. 86(Dec. 1997-Jan 1998), p. 66.
31. Jacques, "Fifteen years", p. 18.
32. Ingrid Taylor, "Be Prepared", New Zealand Adventure, No. 88(April-May 1998), p. 53.
33. Jacques, "Fifteen years", p. 18.
34. Dave Smith, "Support crews have their own obstacles to overcome", Otago Daily Times, 13 Nov. 1997, p. 34.
35. Tourism Industry Association New Zealand, ad, The Quarterly (New Zealand Outdoor Instructors Association), No. 5 (March 1998).
36. Jacques, "Fifteen years", p. 17.
37. Burton, "Flying Scott", p. 54.
38. Hellemans, "Auckland World Cup", p. 25.
39. Nelson, "Damn Kiwis", p. 52.
40. Phillips, Man's Country, pp. 264-265 and 277.
41. Greenaway, "The two-day, 238.8 kilometre pasta paradise", New Zealand Adventure, No. 82(April-May 1997), p. 58.
42. Burton, "Flying Scott", p. 54;
43. Chris Coll, "Coast to Coast '98 Saved My Life", New Zealand Adventure, No. 88(April-May 1998), pp. 52-53;
44. Taylor, "Be Prepared", p. 53.
45. Taylor, "Be Prepared", p. 53.
46. Ansley, Coast, 1984;
47. Baker, Coast, 1986.
48. Jacques, "Fifteen years", p. 17.
49. Ansley, Coast, 1984;
50. Baker, Coast, 1986;
51. Jacques, "Fifteen years", p. 17.
52. Jacques, "Fifteen years", p. 17.
53. Daniel O'Regan, "Express Tougher than Expected", New Zealand Adventure, No. 83(June-July 1997), p. 56.
54. Greenaway, "The two-day", pp. 57-58.
55. Burton, "Flying Scott", p. 54;
56. Greenaway, "The two-day", pp. 57-58.
57. Mary Kirk-Anderson, "Andrea gets going", New Zealand Adventure, No. 82(April-May 1997), p. 59.
58. Marc Hinton, "Exhausted Gurney's got a gripe", Sunday Star-Times, 29 Nov. 1998, Sec. B, p. 5;
59. Alan Nelson, "The Clash of the Dates", New Zealand Adventure, No. 90(Aug-Sep. 1998), p. 51.
60. Greenaway, "The two-day", pp. 82 and 58.
61. Jacques, "Fifteen years", p. 18.
62. Jacques, "Fifteen years", pp. 17-20;
63. Kirk-Anderson, "Andrea", p. 59.
64. ("Agony & Ecstasy" (Part 5), "Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge Australia '97", [Discovery Channel Cable Television Network] video documentary broadcast in New Zealand 30 May 1998.)
65. Jacques, "Fifteen years", p. 18.
66. Jacques, "Fifteen years", p. 20;
67. "The Southern Traverse: The Concept", http://www. southerntraverse.com/html/concept.html.
68. "Raid Gauloises: Press Release No. 2 May 1998", http://www.raidgauloises.com/web-anglais/actualites/presse2.htm.
69. Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind, Third Ed. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 4-5.
70. David Wall, "Wild Place, Wild Race", New Zealand Adventure, No. 88(April-May 1998), p. 57.
71. Nelson, "The Clash", 1998, 51.
72. ("Despatches-From the Field: New Adventure Icons", New Zealand Adventure, No. 86 [Dec. 1997-Jan 1998], p. 12).
73. "Eco-Challenge: What's New. Founder's Letter", http://www.eco challenge.com/founders.html.
74. "About Eco-Challenge", http://www.ecochallenge.com/aboutEco. html.
75. "Eco-Challenge: What's New", http://www.ecochallenge.com/ founders.html.
76. "Raid Gauloises: Homepage", http://www.raid-gauloises.com/web- anglais/princi.htm.
77. ("Eco-Challenge: The Latest", http://www.discovery.com/indep/ ecomorocco/reports/latest.html, 13 Oct. 1998.)
78. Simon Priest and Rusty Baillie, "Justifying the Risk to Others: The Real Razor's Edge, Journal of Experiential Education, 19(1) (1987), pp. 16-22;
79. David W. Robinson, "The Risk Recreation Experience: Subjective State Dimensions and Transferability of Benefits", Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 17(1) (1992), pp. 12-36.
80. Andrew Sanders, "Hard yakka", Sunday Star-Times, 10 Aug. 1997, Sec. B, p. 16.
81. Robinson, "Risk Recreation", p. 13.
82. "Raid Gauloises", http://www.raid-gauloises.com/web-anglais/ equateur/course/classement/f-classe.htm.
83. Mark Burnett: "Agony & Ecstasy" documentary.
84. "Kiwis Feature in Raid Gauloises", Otago Daily Times, 26 Sep. 1998, p. 24;
85. "The Razor's Edge" (Part 3), "Twist of Fate" (Part 4), "Agony & Ecstasy" (Part 5), "Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge Australia '97", video documentary broadcast in New Zealand 30 May 1998.
86. Team Endeavour after the 1997 South Africa/Lesotho Raid Gauloises in Anne Woodley, "NZ/USA Team Second in Raid", New Zealand Adventure, No. 82(April-May 1997), p. 60.
87. ("Raid Gauloises: History 1990 Costa Rica", http://www.raid-gauloises.com/html/history1990.html).
88. (Trisha Smith, "The Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge Morocco: Live Coverage of the World's Toughest Expedition Race", http://www.discovery. com/indep/ecomorocco/reports/report14.html, 16 Oct. 1998, p. 2.
89. Smith, "The Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge Morocco", http://www.discovery.com/indep/ecomorocco/reports/report1.html, 28 Sep. 1998, p. 1.
90. Smith, "The Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge Morocco", http://www.discovery.com/indep/ecomorocco/reports/report8.html, 10 Oct. 1998, p. 3.
91. David Williams, "And they reckon it's fun...", Otago Daily Times, 5 Dec. 1998, Sec. C, p. 23;
92. Murdoch Dryden, "Southern Traverse Diary", New Zealand Adventure, No. 90(Aug-Sep. 1998), p. 53.
93. "Raid Gauloises: Press Release No. 3 Aug. 1998", http://www.raidgauloises.com/web-anglais/actualites/presse3.htm.
94. "The Grand Traverse", New Zealand Adventure, No. 34-35(May/June 1989), pp. cover and 26-27.
95. "Grand Traverse", pp. 26-27;
96. "Raid Gauloises: History", http://www.raid-gauloises.com/html/ history1989.html.
97. "The Grand Traverse", p. 27.
98. "Raid Gauloises: Press Release No. 2 May 1998", http://www.raid-gauloises.com/web-anglais/actualites/presse2.htm.
99. "Raid Gauloises: Press Release No. 1 Oct. 1997", http://www.raidgauloises.com/web-anglais/actualites/presse1.htm.
100. "Raid Gauloises: Concept", http://www.raid-gauloises.com/web- anglais/esprit-histoire/concept.htm.
101. "Raid Gauloises: Disciplines", http://www.raid-gauloises.com/ web-anglais/esprit-histoire/discipli.htm.
102. "Raid Gauloises: History-1995 Argentina", http://www. raidgauloises.com/web-anglais/esprit-histoire/histoire.htm.
103. "Raid Gauloises: Concept"
104. "Raid Gauloises: Disciplines"
105. As happened in Oman: "Raid Gauloises: History 1992 Oman", http://www.raid-gauloises.com/web-anglais/esprit-histoire/histoire1992.htm;
106. Fiona Woodham, "A Tale of Two Races-The Southern Traverse", New Zealand Adventure, No. 81(Feb-March 1997), pp. 56-58.
107. "Raid Gauloises: Disciplines"
108. "Raid Gauloises: History 1991 New Caledonia", http://www.raidgauloises.com/html/history1991.html.
109. "Raid Gauloises: Press Release No. 3 Aug. 1998"
110. "Raid Gauloises: Press Release No. 1 Oct. 1997"
111. "Raid Gauloises: Press Release No. 2 May 1998"
112. "The Grand Traverse", NZ Adventure, No. 34-35(May/June 1989), p. 26.
113. "The Southern Traverse: The Concept"
114. "The Southern Traverse: The Race", http://www.southern traverse.com/html/race.html.
115. Marc Hinton, "Climb every mountain", Sunday Star-Times, 22 Nov. 1998, Sec. B, p. 20.
116. "The Southern Traverse: Past Events", http://www. southerntraverse.com/html/past.
117. Hinton, "Climb", p. 20;
118. Nelson, "The Clash", 1998, p. 51;
119. Andrew Sanders, "Getting over the hump", Sunday Star-Times, 4 Oct. 1998, Sec. B, p. 16;
120. Williams, "National Geographic", p. 1.
121. "The Southern Traverse: The 1996 Race", http://www.southern traverse.com/html/race96.
122. Dave Smith, "Clear statement of intention has been issued", Otago Daily Times, 10 Nov. 1994;
123. Woodham, "A Tale of Two Races";
124. "Southern Traverse", Women Outdoors New Zealand (Otago) Newsletter, Dec. 1997, p. 1;
125. "The Southern Traverse: Registration Information", http://www.southerntraverse.com/html/registration.html.
126. Hinton, "Climb", p. 20.
127. "The Southern Traverse: Support Crews", http://www.southern traverse.com/html/crew.html;
128. Smith, "Support crews", p. 34.
129. (John Fridd, "Women upset race efforts unheralded", Otago Daily Times, 15 Nov. 1995, p. 30.)
130. "Raid Gauloises: History", http://www.raid-gauloises.com/web- anglais/esprit-histoire/histoire.htm.
131. (Hinton, "Beastly test", p. 9;
132. David Williams, "Winners with hours to spare", Otago Daily Times, 5 Dec. 1998, Sec. C, p. 23.)
133. Dave Smith, "International field for today's Southern Traverse start", Otago Daily Times, 10 Nov. 1997, p. 22.
134. (Hinton, "Climb", p. 20).
135. Nelson, "The Clash", 1998, 51.
136. Williams, "National Geographic", p. 1.
137. Williams, "National Geographic", p. 1.
138. "Southern Traverse", p. 2.
139. Derek Paterson, "X-Rated Traverse" New Zealand Adventure, No. 87(Feb-March 1998), p. 58.
140. Williams, "National Geographic", p. 1.
141. Smith, "International field", p. 22.
142. Di Zinno and Paterson, "The Biggest Little", http://www.southern traverse.com/html/race96.html.
143. Paterson, "X-Rated Traverse", p. 59;
144. "Southern Traverse", Women Outdoors New Zealand (Otago) Newsletter, Feb. 1998, p. 2.
145. Paterson, "X-Rated Traverse", p. 59.
146. "Raid Gauloises: Press Release No. 2 May 1998;"
147. for Discovery Channel's involvement: "Argentina selected as host nation for Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge", http://www.discovery.com/ indep/ecomorocco/mediacenter/980904releasea.html;
148. for National Geographic's involvement: Williams, "National Geographic", p. 1.
149. "The Southern Traverse", http://www.southerntraverse.com/html/ concept.html.
150. Dave Smith, "From high waves to mountaintop", Otago Daily Times, 10 Nov. 1994.
151. Grant Dalton inspirational tribute; "The Southern Traverse: Support Crews"
152. Hinton, "Climb", p. 20.
153. Hinton, "Climb", p. 20.
154. Phillips, Man's Country, pp. 283 and 288-289.
155. Ian Heywood, "Culture made, found and lost: The cases of climbing and art", in Cultural Reproduction (Chris Jenks, ed.), (New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 104-119.
156. "About Eco-Challenge", http://www.ecochallenge.com/about Eco.html.
157. Hinton, "Exhausted", p. 5.
158. "Eco-Challenge: What's New", http://www.ecochallenge.com/race/ morocco/whatsnew.html.
159. "About Eco-Challenge" "Mark Burnett", http://www.ecochallenge.com/race/burnBio.html;
160. "The Razor's Edge", "Twist of Fate", and "Agony & Ecstasy"
161. "About Eco-Challenge"
162. "Eco-Challenge: Rules of The Race", http://www.ecochallenge. com/race/raceRules.html.
163. ("Raid Gauloises: Concept.")
164. Nelson, "Damn Kiwis", p. 52;
165. Sanders, "Hard yakka", p. 16;
166. Sanders, "Defending champ", p. 10;
167. Sanders, "True grit", p. 10;
168. Alan Nelson, "Look Ma, No Support Crew-The 1997 Eco-Challenge", New Zealand Adventure, No. 84(Aug-Sep. 1997), pp. 57-58;
169. Nelson, "Head and Shoulders", pp. 55-56;
170. Nelson, "The Clash", 1998, 51;
171. Jenny Duggan, "Camels, climbing, all part of challenge", Otago Daily Times, 9 Sep. 1998, p. 15;
172. Sanders, "Getting over", p. 16.
173. "The Razor's Edge"
174. "Argentina selected as host nation for Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge", http://www.discovery.com/indep/ecomorocco/mediacenter/ 980904releasea.html.
175. Daniel Botkin, Discordant Harmonies: A New Ecology for the Twenty-first Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 8.
176. "The Razor's Edge"
177. Botkin, Discordant Harmonies, p. 24;
178. Nash, Wilderness, p. 4.
179. (Smith, "The Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge Morocco", http://www.discovery.com/indep/ecomorocco/reports/report3.html, 1998, p. 3.)
180. Botkin, Discordant Harmonies, p. 24.
181. "Eco-Challenge: Rules of the Race", http://www.ecochallenge. com/race/raceRules.html.
182. Smith, "Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge Morocco", pp. 2-3.
183. Nelson, "Look Ma", pp. 57-58;
184. "Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge Australia '97" documentary.
185. (Duggan, "Camels", p. 15)
186. (Sanders, "Hard yakka", p. 16)
187. Williams, "And they reckon", p. 23.
188. Sanders, "True grit", p. 10;
189. "Eco-Challenge: Rules of the Race"
190. Sanders, "True grit", p. 10.
191. Nelson, "Head and Shoulders", p. 55.
192. Smith, "Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge Morocco", p. 2.
193. "Twist of Fate"
194. Sanders, "True grit", p. 10;
195. "The Razor's Edge", "Twist of Fate", and "Agony & Ecstasy"
196. Sanders, "True grit", p. 10.
197. "Mark Burnett", http://www.ecochallenge.com/race/burnBio.html.
198. "Mark Burnett tells why he chose Morocco", http://www. discovery.com/indep/ecomorroco/burrnetl.ra.
199. "The Razor's Edge"
200. "Raid Gauloises: History"
201. Greenaway, "The two-day", p. 58.
202. "Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge Australia '97" documentary.
203. "Eco-Challenge: Rules of the Race"
204. Hinton, "Kiwi seeks", p. 5.
205. "Discovery Channel Eco-Challenge Australia '97" documentary; Worsfold, personal communication, 1998.
206. Sanders, "True grit", p. 10.
207. "Press Release: Eco-Challenge Wins Australia International Attention", http://www.atc.net.au/news/media/070897.htm.
208. Williams, "National Geographic", p. 1.
209. Greenaway, "The two-day", pp. 82 and 57;
210. Andrew Blake in The Body Language: The Meaning of Modern Sport (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1996).
211. Phillips, Man's Country, pp. 264 and 277.
212. Nelson, "Damn Kiwis", p. 52.
213. "The Razor's Edge;"
214. Hinton, "Kiwi seeks", p. 5.
215. Nelson, "Damn Kiwis", p. 54;
216. Ansley, Coast, p. 92.
217. Peter Shelton, "The Lost World: Has Modern Skiing Sucked All the True Adventure out of the Sport?" SKI, Jan 1998, p. 41.
218. Jacques, "Fifteen years, p. 17.
219. Ulrich Beck, Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (London: Sage, 1992).
220. "New International Multisport Event", New Zealand Adventure, No. 85, (Oct-Nov. 1997), p. 58.