High energy γ-ray emission from the starburst nucleus of NGC 253

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Volumn 444, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 403-415

  Domingo Santamaria E ^a   Torres, D F ^a,b  

^a BARCELONA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Spain)

^b LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Galaxies: individual: NGC 253; Galaxies: starburst; ISM: cosmic rays

Indexed keywords

ASTROPHYSICS; GALAXIES; HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS;

GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC 253; GALAXIES: STAR BURST; ISM: COSMIC RAYS;

COSMIC RAYS;

EID: 29144465722     PISSN: 00046361     EISSN: 14320746     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20053613     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Abraham, P. B., Brunstein, K. A., & Cline, T. L. 1966, Phys. Rev., 150, 150
2. Aharonian, F. A., & Atoyan, A. M. 2000, A&A, 362, 937
3. Aharonian, F. A., Akhperjanian, A. G., Aye, K.-M., et al. 2004a, Nature, 432, 75
4. Aharonian, F. A., Akhperjanian, A. G., Aye, K.-M., et al. 2004b, A&A, 425, L13
5. Aharonian, F. A., Akhperjanian, A. G., Aye, K.-M., et al. 2005a, A&A, 437, 135
6. Aharonian, F. A., Akhperjanian, A. G., Aye, K.-M., et al. 2005b, A&A, 432, L9
7. Aharonian, F. A., et al. 2005c, A&A, in press
8. Anchordoqui, L. A., Romero, G. E., & Combi, J. A. 1999, Phys. Rev., D60, 103001
9. Anchordoqui, L. A., Goldberg, H., & Torres, D. F. 2003, Phys. Rev., D67, 123006
10. Bhattacharya, D., The, L.-S., Kurfess, J. D., et al. 1994, ApJ, 437, 173
11. Bell, A. R. 1978, MNRAS, 182, 443
12. Berezinskii, V. S., Bulanov, S., Dogiel, V., & Ginzburg, V. 1990, Astrophysics of Cosmic Rays, North-Holland
13. Blattnig, S. R., et al. 2000, Phys. Rev., D62, 094030
14. Blattnig, S. R., et al. 2000b, NASA/TP-2000-210640, Langley Research Center, available online at http://techreports.larc.nasa.gov/Itrs/PDF/2000/tp/NASA2000tp210640.pdf
15. Blom, J. J., Paglione, T. A., & Carraminana, A. 1999, 516, 744
16. Bradford, C. M., Nikola, T., Stacey, G. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 586, 891
17. Bryant, P. M., & Scoville, N. Z. 1999, ApJ, 117, 2632
18. Canzian, B., Mundy, L. G., & Scoville, N. Z. 1988, ApJ, 333, 157
19. Carilli, C. L. 1996, 305, 402
20. Chevalier, R. A. 1982, ApJ, 289, 302
21. Crutcher, R. M. 1988, in Molecular Clouds, Milky-Way & External Galaxies, ed. R. Dickman, R. Snell, & J. Young (New York: Springer), 105
22. Crutcher, R. M. 1994, Clouds, cores and low mass stars, Proceedings of the 4th Haystack Observatory, ed. D. P. Clemens, & R. Barvainis, ASP Conf. Ser., 65, 87
23. Crutcher, R. M. 1999, ApJ, 520, 706
24. Cox, A. N. 1999, Alien's Astrophysical Quantities (New York: Springer Verlag)
25. Cox, P., & Metzger, P. G. 1989, A&ARv, 1, 49
26. Dermer, C. D. 1986a, A&A, 157, 223
27. Dermer, C. D. 1986b, ApJ, 307, 47
28. Downes, D., & Solomon, P. M. 1998, ApJ, 507, 615
29. Dudley, C. C., & Wynn-Williams, C. G. 1999, MNRAS, 304, 549
30. Duric, N., Gordon, S. M., Goss, W. M., Viallefond, F., & Lacey, C. 1995, ApJ, 445, 173
31. Elias, J. H., Neugebauer, G., Werner, M. W., et al. 1978, ApJ, 220, 25
32. Engelbracht C. W., Rieke M. J., Rieke G. H., Kelly, D. M., & Achterman, J. M. 1998, ApJ, 505, 639
33. Forbes, D. A., Ward, M. J., Rotaciuc, V., et al. 1993, ApJ, 406, L11
34. Forbes, D. A., Polehampton, E., Stevens, I. R., Brodie, J. P., & Ward, M. J. 2000, MNRAS, 312, 689
35. Ginzburg, V. L., & Syrovatskii, S. I. 1964, The origin of cosmic rays (Oxford, England: Pergamon Press)
36. GLAST Science Requirements Document, 433-SRD-0001, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, CH-03, 2003, http://glast.gsfc.nasa.gov/project/cm/mcdl
37. Hagiwara, K., et al. 2002, Phys. Rev., D66, 010001. Data on the total and elastic cross sections are available at http://pdg.lbl.gov/2002/contents_plots.html
38. Harris, A. I., Stutzki, J., Graf, U. U., Russell, A. P. G., Genzel, R., & Hills, R. E. 1991, ApJ, 382, L75
39. Harrison, A., Henkel, C., & Russel, A. 1999, MNRAS, 303, 157
40. Heckman, T. M., Armus, L., & Miley, G. K. 1990, ApJS, 74, 833
41. Hildebrand, R. H., Whitcomb, S. E., Winston, R., et al. 1977, ApJ, 216, 698
42. Houghton, S., Whiteoak, J. B., Koribalski, B., et al. 1997, A&A, 325, 923
43. Hunter, S. D., Bertsch, D. L., Catelli, J. R., et al. 1997, ApJ, 481, 205
44. Itoh, C., Enomoto, R., Yanagita, S., et al. 2002, A&A, 396, L1
45. Itoh, C., Enomoto, R., Yanagita, S., et al. 2003, A&A, 402, 443
46. Israel, F. P., & Baas, F. 2002, A&A, 383, 82
47. Kamae, T., Abe, T., & Koi, T. 2005, ApJ, 620, 244
48. Keto, E., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffman, W., & Deutsch, L. 1999, ApJ, 518, 133
49. Lebrun, F., Terrier, R., Bazzano, A., et al. 2004, Nature, 428, 293
50. Longair M. S. 1994, High Energy Astrophysics, Vol.2: Stars, the Galaxy and the Interstellar Medium (Cambridge University Press), 2nd ed.
51. Mannheim, K., & Schlickeiser, R. 1994, A&A, 286, 983
52. Marscher, A. P., & Brown, R. L. 1978, ApJ, 221, 588
53. Mauersberger, R., Henkel, C., Wiebelinski, R., Wiklind, T., & Reuter, H.-P. 1996, A&A, 305, 421
54. McCarthy, P. J., Heckman, T., & van Breugel, W. 1987, AJ, 92, 264
55. Mao, R. Q., Henkel, C., Schulz, A., et al. 2000, A&A, 358, 433
56. Melo, V. P., Perez-Garcia, A. M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Muñoz-Tuñon, & Rodriguez Espinosa, J. M. 2002, ApJ, 574, 709
57. Moskalenko, I., & Strong, A. W. 1998, ApJ, 493, 694
58. Ott, J., Weiss, A., Henkel, C., & Walter, F. 2005 [arXiv:astro-ph/0505143], In Starbursts: From 30 Doradus to Lyman Break Galaxies, Held in Cambridge, UK, 6-10 September 2004, ed. R. de Grijs, & R. M. Gonzalez Delgado, Astrophysics & Space Science Library (Dordrecht: Springer), 329, P57
59. Paglione, T. A. D., Tosaki, T., & Jackson, J. M. 1995, ApJ, 454, L117
60. Paglione, T. A. D., Marscher, A. P., Jackson, J. M., & Bertsch, D. L. 1996, ApJ, 460, 295
61. Paglione, T. A. D., Jackson, J. M., & Ishizuki, S. 1997, ApJ, 484, 656
62. Paglione, T. A. D., Yam, O., Tosaki, T., & Jackson, J. M. 2004, ApJ, 611, 835
63. Pavlidou, V., & Fields, B. 2001, ApJ, 558, 63
64. Pence, W. D. 1981, ApJ, 247, 473
65. Pietsch, W., Roberts, T. P., Sako, M., et al. 2001, A&A, 365, L174
66. Rice, G. H., et al. 1988, ApJ, 238, 24
67. Rieke, G. H., Harper, D. A., Low, F. J., & Armstrong, K. R. 1973, ApJ, 83, L67
68. Rieke, G. H., Lebofsky, M. J., Thompson, R. I., Low, F. J., & Tokunga, A. T. 1980, ApJ, 238, 24
69. Rieke, G. H., Lebofsky, M. J., & Walker, C. E. 1988, ApJ, 325, 679
70. Romero G. E., & Torres, D. F. 2003, ApJ, 586, L33
71. Suchkov, A., Allen, R. J., & Heckman, T. M. 1993, ApJ, 413, 542
72. Solomon, P. M., Downes, D., Radford, S. J. E., & Barrett, J. W. 1997, ApJ, 478, 144
73. Sorai, K., Nakai, N., Nishiyama, K., & Hasegawa, T. 2000, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan, 52, 785
74. Sreekumar, P., Bertsch, D. L., Dingus, B. L., et al. 1992, ApJ, 400, L67
75. Stecker, F. W. 1971, Cosmic Gamma Rays (Baltimore: Mono)
76. Stephens, S. A., & Badhwar, G. D. 1981, Ap&SS, 76, 213
77. Strickland, D. K., Heckman, T. M., Weaver, K. A., & Dahlem, M. 2000, AJ, 120, 2965
78. Strickland, D. K., Heckman, T. M., Weaver, K. A., et al. 2002, ApJ, 568, 689
79. Strong, A. W., Moskalenko, I. V., & Reimer, O. 2000, ApJ, 537, 763
80. Sugai, H., Davies, R. I., & Ward, M. J. 2003, ApJ, 584, L9
81. Telesco, C. M., & Harper, D. A. 1980, ApJ, 235, 392
82. Tingay, S. J. 2004, ApJ, 127, 10
83. Torres, D. F. 2004a, ApJ, 617, 966
84. Torres, D. F. 2004b, Published in Gamma-ray Sources, ed. K. S. Cheng, & G. E. Romero (The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Press), 69 [arXiv:astro-ph/0308069]
85. Torres, D. F., Romero, G. E., Combi, J. A., et al. 2001, A&A, 370, 468
86. Torres, D. F., Romero, G. E., Dame, T. M., Combi, J. A., & Butt, Y. M. 2003, Phys. Rep., 382, 303
87. Torres, D. F., Reimer, O., Domingo-Santamaría, E., & Digel, S. 2004, ApJ, 607, L99
88. Torres, D. F., & Anchordoqui, L. A. 2004, Rep. Progr. Phys., 67, 1663
89. Turner, J. L., & Ho, P. T. P. 1985, ApJ, 299, L77
90. Ulvestad, J. S. 2000, ApJ, 120, 278
91. Ulvestad, J. S., & Antonucci, R. R. J. 1997, ApJ, 488, 621
92. Van Buren, D., & Greenhouse, M. 1994, ApJ, 431 640
93. Völk, H. J., Klien, U., & Wielebinski, R. 1989, A&A, 237, 21
94. Völk, H., Aharonian, F. A., & Breitschwerdt, D. 1996, Space Sci. Rev., 75, 279
95. Ward, J. S., Zmuidzinas, J., Harris, A., & Isaac, K. 2003, ApJ, 587, 171
96. Weaver, K. A., Heckman, T. M., Strickland, D. K., & Dahlem. M. 2002, ApJ, 576, L19
97. Wild, W., Bertsch, D. L., Dingus, B. L., et al. 1992, A&A, 265, 447
98. Watson, A. M., et al. 1996, AJ, 112, 534
99. Whitmore, J. 1974, Phys. Rept. 10C, 273