Text-level themes: A cognitive psychological perspective

Text

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 25-55

  Leong Ping, Alvin ^a  

^a NUS ^*

Author keywords

Inference; Prediction; Rheme; Schema; Structure; Theme

Indexed keywords

EID: 29144461402     PISSN: 01654888     EISSN: 18607349     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/text.1.1999.19.1.25     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Bartlett, Frederic Charles (1932). Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
2. Calvo, Manuel G. and Castillo, M. Dolores (1996). Predictive inferences occur on-line, but with delay: Convergence of naming and reading times. Discourse Processes 22 (1): 57-78
3. Clark, Leslie F. (1985). Social knowledge and inference processing in text comprehension. In Inferences in Text Processing, Gert Rickheit and Hans Strohner (eds.), 95-114, Amsterdam: Elsevier
4. Clements, P. (1979). The effects of staging on recall from prose. In New Directions in Discourse Processing, Roy O. Freedle (ed.), 287-330. New Jersey: Ablex
5. Cleo (November 1994). Singapore: ACP (South-east Asia) Pte Ltd
6. Daneš, František (1970). One instance of Prague school methodology: Functional analysis of utterance and text. In Method and Theory in Linguistics, Paul L. Garvin (ed.), 132-140. The Hague: Mouton
7. - (1974). Functional sentence perspective and the organization of the text. In Papers on Functional Sentence Perspective, František Daneš (ed.), 106-128. The Hague: Mouton
8. - (1989). Functional sentence perspective and text connectedness. In Text and Discourse Connectedness, Maria-Elisabeth Conte, János S. Petöfi and Emel Sözer (eds.), 23-31. Amsterdam: Benjamins
9. Fincher-Kiefer, Rebecca (1993). The role of predictive inferences in situation model construction. Discourse Processes 16 (1-2): 99-124
10. - (1994). The effect of inferential processes on perceptual identification. Discourse Processes 18 (1): 1-17
11. Firbas, Jan (1975). On the thematic and the non-thematic section of the sentence. In Style and Text: Studies Presented to Nils Erik Enkvist, Hakan Ringbom (ed.), 317-334. Stockholm: Sprakförlaget Skriptor
12. - (1986). On the dynamics of written communication in the light of the theory of functional sentence perspective. In Studying Writing: Linguistic Approaches, Charles R. Cooper and Sidney Greenbaum (eds.), 40-71. Beverly Hills: Sage
13. - (1987). On the delimitation of the theme in functional sentence perspective. In Functionalism in Linguistics, René Dirven and Vilém Fried (eds.), 137-156. Amsterdam: Benjamins
14. - (1992). Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
15. Fries, Peter H. (1981). On the status of theme in English: Arguments from discourse. Forum Linguistica 6 (1): 1-38
16. - (1995a). A personal view of theme. In Thematic Development in English Texts, Mohsen Ghadessy (ed.), 1-19. London: Pinter
17. - (1995b). Themes, methods of development, and texts. In On Subject and Theme: A Discourse Functional Perspective, Ruqaiya Hasan and Peter H. Fries (eds.), 317-359. Amsterdam: Benjamins
18. - (1995c). Patterns of information in initial position in English. In Discourse in Society: Systemic Functional Perspectives (Meaning and Choice in Language: Studies for Michael Halliday, Vol. I), Peter H. Fries and Michael Gregory (eds.), 47-66. New Jersey: Ablex
19. General Linguistics 31 (1-4) (1991). New York: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, State University of New York
20. Goatly, Andrew (1995). Marked theme and its interpretation in A. F. Housman's A Shropshire Lad. In Thematic Development in English Texts, Mohsen Ghadessy (ed.), 164-197. London: Pinter
21. Graesser, Arthur C. and Clark, Leslie F. (1985). The generation of knowledge-based inferences during narrative comprehension. In Inferences in Text Processing, Gert Rickheit and Hans Strohner (eds.), 53-94. Amsterdam: Elsevier
22. Graesser, A. C. and Kreuz, Roger J. (1993). A theory of inference generation during text comprehension. Discourse Processes 16 (1-2): 145-160
23. Grimes, Joseph E. (1975). The Thread of Discourse. The Hague: Mouton
24. Hall, John F. (1989). Learning and Memory. Second ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
25. Halliday, Michael A. K. (1967a). Notes on transitivity and theme in English. Part 1. Journal of Linguistics 3 (1): 37-81
26. - (1967b). Notes on transitivity and theme in English. Part 2. Journal of Linguistics 3 (2): 199-244
27. - (1968). Notes on transitivity and theme in English. Part 3. Journal of Linguistics 4 (2): 179-215
28. - (1970). Language structure and language function. In New Horizons in Linguistics, John Lyons (ed.), 140-165. Harmondsworth: Penguin
29. - (1982). How is a text like a clause? In Text Processing: Text Analysis and Generation, Text Typology and Attribution (Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 51), Sture Allén (ed.), 209-270. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wilsell
30. - (1985). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Arnold
31. - (1988). On the language of physical science. In Registers of Written English: Situational Factors and Linguistic Features, Mohsen Ghadessy (ed.), 162-178. London: Pinter
32. - (1994). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Second ed. London: Arnold
33. Hasan, Ruqaiya (1978). Text in the systemic-functional model. In Current Trends in Textlinguistics, Wolfgang U. Dressler (ed.), 228-246. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
34. - (1979). On the notion of text. In Text vs Sentence: Basic Questions of Text Linguistics (Second Part), János S. Petöfi (ed.), 369-390. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag
35. - (1996). The nursery tale as a genre. In Ways of Saying: Ways of Meaning - Selected Papers of Ruqaiya Hasan, Carmel Cloran, David Butt and Geoffrey Williams (eds.), 51-72. London: Cassell
36. Head, Henry (1920). Studies in Neurology. London: Frowde
37. Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics 2 (1) (1997). Hong Kong: The English Centre, University of Hong Kong
38. Iceland. Reader's Digest 65 (386): 6. (May 1995)
39. Iser, Wolfgang (1974). The Implied Reader. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press
40. Kant, Imanuel (1787 [1934]). Critique of Pure Reason. [Translated by J. M. D. Meiklejohn. Second ed. London: J. M. Dent and Sons.]
41. Keefe, Dennis E. and McDaniel, Mark A. (1993). The time course and durability of predictive inferences. Journal of Memory and Language 32 (4): 446-463
42. Keenan, Janice M., Golding, Jonathan M., Potts, George R., Jennings, Tracy M., and Aman, Christine J. (1990). Methodological issues in evaluating the occurrence of inferences. In Inferences and Text Comprehension (The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 25), Arthur C. Graesser and Gordon H. Bower (eds.), 295-312. San Diego: Academic Press
43. Kintsch, Walter (1977). On comprehending stories. In Cognitive Processes in Comprehension, Marcel Adam Just and Patricia A. Carpenter (eds.), 33-62. New Jersey: Erlbaum
44. Labov, William and Waletzky, Joshua (1967). Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal experience. In Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts: Proceedings of the 1966 Annual Spring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society, June Helm (ed.), 12-44. Seattle: University of Washington Press
45. Leahey, Thomas H. and Harris, Richard Jackson (1997). Learning and Cognition. Fourth ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
46. Leong, Ping Alvin (to appear). The inference-boundary model: Reinterpreting theme and rheme. Language Sciences
47. Magliano, Joseph P., Baggett, William B., Johnson, Brenda K., and Graesser, Arthur C. (1993). The time course of generating causal antecedent and causal consequence inferences. Discourse Processes 16 (1-2): 35-53
48. Mandler, Jean M. and Johnson, Nancy S. (1977). Remembrance of things parsed: Story structure and recall. Cognitive Psychology 9 (1): 111-151
49. Martin, James R. (1992). Theme, method of development and existentiality: The price of reply. Occasional Papers in Systemic Linguistics 6: 147-183
50. McKoon, Gail and Ratcliff, Roger (1986). Inferences about predictable events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 12 (1): 82-91
51. - (1992). Inference during reading. Psychological Review 99 (3): 440-466
52. Millis, Keith K. and Graesser, Arthur C. (1994). The time-course of construction knowledge-based inferences for scientific texts. Journal of Memory and Language 33 (5): 583-599
53. 'Not tonight, dear'. Reader's Digest 54 (321): 35-37. (December 1989)
54. Reader's Digest 52 (310). (1989). Hong Kong. Reader's Digest Association Far East Ltd
55. Rumelhart, David E. (1975). Notes on a schema for stories. In Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science, Daniel G. Bobrow and Allan Collins (eds.), 211-236. London: Academic
56. - (1977). Understanding and summarizing brief stories. In Brief Processes in Reading: Perception and Comprehension, David LaBerge and S. Jay Samuels (eds.), 265-303. New Jersey: Erlbaum
57. - (1980). Schemata: The building blocks of cognition. In Theoretical Issues in Reading Comprehension: Perspectives from Cognitive Psychology, Linguistics, Artificial Intelligence, and Education, Rand J. Spiro, Bertram C. Bruce, and William F. Brewer (eds.), 33-58. New Jersey: Erlbaum
58. - (1984). Understanding understanding. In Understanding Reading Comprehension: Cognition, Language, and the Structure of Prose, James Flood (ed.), 1-20. Delaware: International Reading Association
59. Singer, Murray (1993). Global inferences of text situations. Discourse Processes 16 (1-2): 161-168
60. Salmon shopping. Her World, August 1997, p. 213
61. Sperber, Dan and Wilson, Deidre (1986 [1995]). Relevance: Communication and Cognition. [2nd edition.] Oxford: Blackwell
62. Stein, Nancy L. and Glenn, Christine G. (1979). An analysis of story comprehension in elementary school children. In New Directions in Discourse Processing, Roy O. Freedle (ed.), 53-120. New Jersey: Ablex
63. Straits Times (20 January 1998). Singapore: Singapore Press Holdings
64. Swinney, David E. and Osterhout, Lee (1990). Inference generation during auditory language comprehension. In Inferences and Text Comprehension (The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 25), Arthur C. Graesser and Gordon H. Bower (eds.), 17-33. San Diego: Academic Press
65. Tadros, Angela (1985). Prediction in Text. Birmingham: English Language Research, University of Birmingham
66. - (1994). Predictive categories in expository text. In Advances in Written Text Analysis, Malcolm Coulthard (ed.), 69-82. London: Routledge
67. Tannen, Deborah (1979). What's in a frame? Surface evidence for underlying expectations. In New Directions in Discourse Processing, Roy O. Freedle (ed.), 137-181. New Jersey: Ablex
68. Thorndyke, Perry W. (1977). Cognitive structures in comprehension and memory of narrative discourse. Cognitive Psychology 9 (1): 77-110
69. van den Broek, Paul (1988). The effects of causal relations and hierarchical position on the importance of story statements. Journal of Memory and Language 27 (1): 1-22
70. - (1990). Causal inferences and the comprehension of narrative texts. In Inferences and Text Comprehension (The psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 25), Arthur C. Graesser and Gordon H. Bower (eds.), 175-196. San Diego: Academic Press
71. - (1994). Comprehension and memory of narrative texts: Inferences and coherence. In Handbook of Psycholinguistics, Morton Ann Gernsbacher (ed.), 539-588. San Diego: Academic Press
72. van den Broek, P., Fletcher, Charles R., and Risden, Kirsten (1993). Investigations of inferential processes in reading. A theoretical and methodological integration. Discourse Processes 16 (1-2): 169-180
73. van Dijk, Teun A. (1977). Semantic macro-structures and knowledge frames in discourse comprehension. In Cognitive Processes in Comprehension, Marcel Adam Just and Patricia A. Carpenter (eds.), 3-32. New Jersey: Erlbaum
74. - (1980). Macrostructures: An Interdisciplinary Study of Global Structures in Discourse, Interaction, and Cognition. New Jersey: Erlbaum
75. van Dijk, Teun A. and Kintsch, Walter (1983). Strategies of Discourse Comprehension. California: Academic
76. Weil, Henri (1844 [1978]). De L'ordre des Mots dans les Langues Anciennes Comparées aux Langues Modernes. [Translated by Charles William Super as 'The Order of Words in the Ancient Languages Compared with that of the Modern Languages.' Amsterdam: Benjamins.]