The shadow economies of the Asia-Pacific

Pacific Economic Review

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 379-401

  Bajada, Christopher ^a   Schneider, Friedrich ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b JOHANNES KEPLER UNIVERSITY LINZ   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; POLICY MAKING; SHADOW PRICING; TAX INCENTIVE; TAX SYSTEM;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC RIM;

EID: 29144448328     PISSN: 1361374X     EISSN: 14680106     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0106.2005.00280.x     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Aignur, D., F. Schneider and D. Ghosh (1988) 'Me and my Shadow: Estimating the Size of the US Hidden Economy from Time Series Data', in W. A. Barnett, E. R. Berndt and H. White (eds.), Dynamic Econometric Modelling. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press, 224-43.
2. Bajada, C. (1999) 'Estimates of the Underground Economy in Australia', Economic Record 15, 369-84.
3. Bartlett, B. (1998) 'Corruption, the Underground Economy and Taxation', unpublished manuscript, National Center for Policy Analysis, Washington, DC.
4. Bhattacharyya, D. K. (1999) 'On the Economic Rationale of Estimating the Hidden Economy', Economic Journal 109, 348-59.
5. Blades, D. (1982) The Hidden Economy and the National Accounts, Occasional Studies, Paris: OECD, 28-44.
6. Cagan, P. (1958) 'The Demand for Currency Relative to the Total Money Supply', Journal of Political Economy 66, 302-28.
7. Cappiello, M. A. (1986) 'Proposita di bibliografia ragionata sull'economia sommersa nell'industria (Italia 1970-82)', in A. Bagnasco (ed.), L'altra Metà Dell'economia. La Ricerca Internazionale Sull'economia Informale, Naples: Liguori, 307-45.
8. Chickering, L. A. and M. Salahdine (eds.) (1991) The Silent Revolution: The Informal Sector in Five Asian and Near Eastern Countries, San Francisco: ICS Press.
9. Clotefelter, C. T. (1983) 'Tax Evasion and Tax Rates: An Analysis of Individual Return', Review of Economic Statistics 65, 363-73.
10. Contini, B. (1981) 'Labour Market Segmentation and the Development of the Parallel Economy: the Italian Experience', Oxford Economic Papers 33, 401-12.
11. Dallago, B. (1990) The Irregular Economy: the 'Underground Economy' and the 'Black' Labour Market, Aldershot, Hants.: Dartmouth.
12. Del Boca, D. (1981) 'Parallel Economy and Allocation of Time', Micros 4(2), 13-18.
13. Feige, E. L. (1986) 'A Re-examination of the "Underground Economy" in the United States', IMF Staff Papers 33, 768-81.
14. Feige, E. L. (cd.) (1989) The Underground Economics: Tax Evasion and Information Distortion. Cambridge/New York/Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
15. Feige, E. L. (1994) 'The Underground Economy and the Currency Enigma', supplement to Public Finance/Finances Publiques 49, 119-36.
16. Feige, E. L. (1996) 'Overseas Holdings of US Currency and the Underground Economy", in S. Pozo (ed.), Exploring the Underground Economy, Kalamazoo, Mich.: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 5-62.
17. Franz, A. (1983) 'Wie groß ist die "schwarze" Wirtschaft?" Mitteilungsblatt der Österreichischen Statistischen Gesellschaft 49(1), 1-6.
18. Frey, L. (1972) II Lavoro a Domicilio in Lombardia, Milan: Giunta Regionale Lombarda, Assessorato al Lavoro.
19. Frey, L. (1975) II Potentiale di lavoro in Italia. Documenti ISVET, No. 50.
20. Frey, L. (1978) II Lavoro nero nel 1977 in Italia. Tendenze Della Occupazione, No. 6.
21. Frey, L. (1980) Introduzione all'analisi economica del lavoro minorile. Economia del Lavoro 1/2, 5-16.
22. Frey, B. S. and H. Weck (1983a) 'Bureaucracy and the Shadow Economy: A Macro-Approach", in H. Hanusch (ed.), Anatomy of Government Deficiencies, Berlin: Springer, 89-109.
23. Frey, B. S. and H. Week (1983b) 'Estimating the Shadow Economy: a "Naive" Approach", Oxford Economic Papers 35, 23-44.
24. Frey, B. S. and H. Weck-Hannemann (1984) 'The Hidden Economy as an "Unobserved" Variable", European Economic Review 26(1), 33-53.
25. Frey, B. S., H. Week and W. W Pommerehne (1982) 'Has the Shadow Economy Grown in Germany? An Exploratory Study', Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 118, 499-524.
26. Frey, B. S. and W. W. Pommerehne (1984) 'The Hidden Economy: State and Prospect for Measurement", Review of Income and Wealth 30(1), 1-23.
27. Garcia, G. (1978) 'The Currency Ratio and the Subterranean Economy', Financial Analysts Journal 69, 64-6.
28. Giles, D. E. A. (1999a) 'Measuring the Hidden Economy: Implications for Econometric Modelling', Economic Journal 109, 370-80.
29. Giles, D. E. A. (1999b) Modelling the Hidden Economy in the Tax-Gap in New Zealand, Working Paper, Department of Economics, University of Victoria, Canada.
30. Giles, D. E. A. and L. M. Tedds (2002) Taxes and the Canadian Underground Economy, Publication No. 106, Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation.
31. Giles, D. E. A., L. M. Tedds and G. Werkneh (1999) The Canadian Underground and Measured Economies, Working Paper, Department of Economics, University of Victoria, Canada.
32. Gutmann, P. M. (1977) 'The Subterranean Economy", Financial Analysts Journal 34, 24-7.
33. Helberger, C. and H. Knepel (1988) 'How Big is the Shadow Economy? A Re-Analysis of the Unobserved-Variable Approach of B. S. Frey and H. Weck-Hannemann', European Economic Journal 32, 965-76.
34. Hill, R. and M. Kabir (1996) 'Tax Rates, the Tax Mix, and the Growth of the Underground Economy in Canada: What Can We Infer?' Canadian Tax Journal/ Revue Fiscale Canadienne 44, 1552-83.
35. IRS (1979) Estimates of Income Unreported on Individual Tax Reforms, Washington, DC: Internal Revenue Service, US Treasury.
36. IRS (1983) Income Tax Compliance Research: Estimates for 1973-81, Washington, DC: Internal Revenue Service.
37. Isachsen, A. J. and S. Strom (1985) 'The Size and Growth of the Hidden Economy in Norway', Review of Income and Wealth 31(1), 21-38.
38. Isachsen, A. J., J. Klovland and S. Strom (1982) 'The Hidden Economy in Norway', in T. Vito (ed.), The Underground Economy in the United States and Abroad, Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 209-31.
39. Johnson, S., D. Kaufmann and A. Shleifer (1997) The Unofficial Economy In Transition, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
40. Johnson, S., D. Kaufmann and P. Zoido-Lobatón (1998a) 'Regulatory Discretion and the Unofficial Economy', American Economic Review, 88, 387-92.
41. Johnson, S., D. Kaufmann and P. Zoido-Lobatón (1998b). Corruption, Public Finances and the Unofficial Economy, World Bank Discussion Paper, Washington, DC.
42. Kirchgaessner, G. (1983) 'Size and Development of the West German Shadow Economy, 1955-80', Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft 139, 197-214.
43. Kirchgaessner, G. (1984) 'Verfahren zur Erfassung des in der Schattenwirtschaft erarbeiteten Sozialprodukts', Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv 68, 378-405.
44. Klovland, J. (1984) 'Tax Evasion and the Demand for Currency in Norway and Sweden: Is There a Hidden Relationship?' Scandinavian Journal of Economics 86, 423-39.
45. Leiberman, C. (1979) 'Structural and Technological Change in Money Demand', American Economic Review 69, 324-9.
46. Lippert, O. and M. Walker (ed.) (1997) The Underground Economy: Global Evidences of its Size and Impact, Vancouver, BC: Frazer Institute.
47. Loayza, N. V. (1996) 'The Economics of the Informal Sector: A Simple Model and Some Empirical Evidence from Latin America', Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 45, 129-62.
48. Lubell, H. (1991) The Informal Sector in the 1980s and 1990s. Paris: OECD.
49. MacAfee, K. (1980) 'A Glimpse of the Hidden Economy in The National Accounts', Economic Trends 136, 81-7.
50. Mogensen, G. V., H. K. Kvist, E. Körmendi and S. Pedersen (1995) The Shadow Economy in Denmark 1994: Measurement and Results, Rockwool Foundation Research Unit, Study No. 3, Copenhagen.
51. O'Higgins, M. (1989) 'Assessing the Underground Economy in the United Kingdom', in E. L. Feige (ed.), The Underground Economies: Tax Evasion and Information Distortion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 175-95.
52. O'Neill, D. M. (1983) Growth of the Underground Economy 1950-81: Some Evidence from the Current Population Survey, Study for the Joint Economic Committee, US Congress Joint Committee Print 98-122, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
53. Pagan, A. R. and P. A. Volker (1981) 'The Short-Run Demand for Transaction Balances in Australia', Economica 48: 381-95.
54. Park, T. (1979) Reconciliation between Personal Income and Taxable Income, mimeo, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, DC, 1947-77.
55. Petersen, H.-G. (1982) 'Size of the Public Sector, Economic Growth and the Informal Economy: Development Trends in the Federal Republic of Germany', Review of Income and Wealth 28, 191-215.
56. Pissarides, C. and G. Weber (1988) An Expenditure-Based Estimate of Britain's Black Economy, CLE Working Paper No. 104, London.
57. Pommerehne, W. W. and F. Schneider (1985) The Decline of Productivity Growth and the Rise of the Shadow Economy in the US, Working Paper No. 85-9, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
58. Pozo, S. (ed.) (1996) Exploring the Underground Economy: Studies of Illegal and Unreported Activity, Kalamazoo, Mich.: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
59. Rogoff, K. (1998) 'Blessing or Curse? Foreign and Underground Demand for Euro Notes', Economic Policy: The European Forum 26, 261-304.
60. Schneider, F. (1986) 'Estimating the Size of the Danish Shadow Economy using the Currency Demand Approach: An Attempt', Scandinavian Journal of Economics 88, 643-68.
61. Schneider, F. (1994a) 'Measuring the Size and Development of the Shadow Economy: Can the Causes be Found and the Obstacles be Overcome?' in H. Brandstaetter and G. Werner (eds.), Essays on Economic Psychology, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, 193-212.
62. Schneider, F. (1994b) 'Can the Shadow Economy be Reduced through Major Tax Reforms? An Empirical Investigation for Austria', supplement to Public Finance/Finances Publiques 49, 137-52.
63. Schneider, F. (1997) 'The Shadow Economies of Western Europe', Journal of the Institute of Economic Affairs 17(3), 42-8.
64. Schneider, F. and D. Enste (2000) 'Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences', Journal of Economic Literature 38(1), 77-114.
65. Schneider, F. and D. Enste (2002) The Shadow Economy: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Studies and Political Implications, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
66. Simon, C. B. and A. G. Witte (1982) Beating the System: The Underground Economy, Boston, Mass.: Urban House.
67. Smith, J. D. (1985) 'Market Motives in the Informal Economy', in W. Gaertner and A. Wenig (eds.), The Economics of the Shadow Economy, Heidelberg: Springer, 161-77.
68. Tanzi, V. (1980) 'The Underground Economy in the United States: Estimates and Implications', Banca Nazionale Del Lavoro 135, 427-53.
69. Tanzi, V. (1983) 'The Underground Economy in the United States: Annual Estimates, 1930-80', IMF Staff Papers 30, 283-305.
70. Tanzi, V. (1999) 'Uses and Abuses of Estimates of the Underground Economy', Economic Journal 109, 338-40.
71. Thomas, J. J. (1986) 'The Underground Economy in the United States: A Comment on Tanzi', IMF Staff Papers 33, 782-9.
72. Thomas, J. J. (1992) Informal Economic Activity, LSE Handbooks in Economics, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
73. Thomas, J. J. (1999) 'Quantifying the Black Economy: "Measurement without Theory" Yet Again?' Economic Journal 109, 381-9.
74. Weck, H. (1983) Schattenwirtschaft: Eine Möglichkeit zur Einschränkung der öffentlichen Verwaltung? Eine ökonomische Analyze, Finanzwissenschaftliche Schriften 22, Lang: Bern-Frankfurt.
75. Witte, A. D. (1987) 'The Nature and Extent of Unreported Activity: A Survey Concentrating on Recent US Research', in S. Alessandrini and B. Dallago (eds.), The Unofficial Economy: Consequences and Perspectives in Different Economic Systems, Aldershot: Grower.
76. Zilberfarb, B.-Z. (1986) 'Estimates of the Underground Economy in the United States, 1930-80', IMF Staff Papers 33, 790-8.