High-power subnanosecond beams of runaway electrons and volume discharge formation in gases at atmospheric pressure

Plasma Devices and Operations

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 231-279

  Tarasenko, Victor ^a   Yakovlenko, Sergei ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF HIGH CURRENT ELECTRONICS   (Russian Federation)

^b PROKHOROV GENERAL PHYSICS INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Dense gas; Electron avalanche; Electron beams; Runaway electrons

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; ELECTRODES; ELECTRON BEAMS; IONIZATION; PLASMA APPLICATIONS;

DENSE GAS; ELECTRON AVELANCHE; RUNAWAY ELECTRONS; VOLUME DISCHARGE;

ELECTRIC DISCHARGES;

EID: 29044449295     PISSN: 10519998     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10519990500281618     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. R.G. Giovanelli. Electron energies resulting from an electric field in a highly ionized gas. Phil. Mag., 40, 206 (1949).
2. H. Dreicer. Electron and ion runaway in a fully ionized gas I, II. Phys. Rev., 115, 238 (1959),
3. Phys. Rev., 117, 329 (1960).
4. R.M. Kurlsrud, Y.C. Sun, N.K. Winson, H.A. Fallon. Runaway electrons in a plasma. Phys. Rev. Lett., 31, 690 (1973).
5. A.V. Gurevich. On the theory of runaway electrons. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 39, 1296 (1960)
6. (Engl. Transl. Soviet Phys. JETP, 12, 904 (1960)).
7. V.S. Marchenko, S.I. Yakovlenko. About influence of deviation of electron distributions from Maxwell distribution on a degree of ionization and accuracy of diagnostics of impurity in plasma with Joule heating. Fiz. Plazmy, 5, 590 (1979)
8. (Engl. Transl. Soviet J. Plasma Phys., 5, 331 (1979)).
9. L.P. Babich, T. V. Loiko, V.A. Tsukerman. High-voltage nanosecond discharge in dense gases at big overvoltage, developing in a mode of electron runaway. Usp. Fiz. Nauk, 160, 49 (1990)
10. (Engl. Transl. Soviet Phys. Usp., 33, 521 (1990)).
11. Yu.D. Korolev, G.A. Mesyats. The Physics of Pulse Breakdown, Nauka, Moscow (1991).
12. Yu.P. Raizer. The. Physics of Gas Discharge, 2nd edition, Nauka, Moscow (1992).
13. P.A. Bokhan, A.R. Sorokin. Opened discharge generating electron beam. Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 55, 88 (1985).
14. G.V. Kolbychev, P.D. Kolbycheva, I.V. Ptashnik. Glow discharge with runaway electrons at borderline voltage. Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 66, 59 (1996)
15. (Engl. Transl. Tech. Phys., 41, 144 (1996)).
16. A.R. Sorokin. Forming of electron beams in open discharge. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 26, 89 (2000)
17. (Engl. Transl. Tech. Phys. Lett., 26, 721 (2000)).
18. A.R. Sorokin. Whether the open discharge is photoelectronic discharge. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 28, 14 (2002)
19. (Engl. Transl. Tech. Phys. Lett., 28, 361 (2002)).
20. A.P. Bokhan, P.A. Bokhan. The mechanism of the anomalous high efficiency of an electronic beam generation in the open discharge. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 28, 21 (2002)
21. (Engl. Transl. Tech. Phys. Lett., 28, 454 (2002)).
22. A.P Bokhan, P.A. Bokhan, D.E. Zakrevskii. Efficient generation of electron beams in anomalous discharge with enhanced cathode photoemission. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 29, 81 (2003).
23. V.I. Derzhiev, V.F. Tarasenko, S.I. Yakovlenko, A.M. Yancharina. Penning plasma lasers on transitions in helium and a neon. In Plasma Lasers of the Visual and Near Ultraviolet Ranges, S.I. Yakovlenko (Ed.), pp. 5-43, Nauka, Moscow (1989) (In Russian).
24. S.I. Yakovlenko. Gas and plasma lasers. In An Encyclopedia of Low-Temperature Plasma, V.E. Fortov (Ed.), pp. 262-291, Nauka-Interperiodika, Moscow (2000) (In Russian).
25. A.N. Tkachev, S.I. Yakovlenko. On the mechanism of the runaway of electrons in a gas: the upper branch of the independent discharge ignition curve. JETP Lett., 77, 221 (2003).
26. A.N. Tkachev, S.I. Yakovlenko. The mechanism of a runaway of electrons in gas and criterion of independent discharge ignition. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 29, 54 (2003).
27. A.M. Boichenko, A.N. Tkachev, S.I. Yakovlenko. The Townsend coefficient and runaway of electrons in electronegative gas. JETP Lett., 78, 709 (2003).
28. A.N. Tkachev, S.I. Yakovlenko. On the mechanism of the runaway of electrons in a gas: the upper branch of the Paschen curve. Cent. Eur. J. Phys., 2, 132 (2004) (www.cesj.com/physics.html).
29. A.N. Tkachev, S.I. Yakovlenko. The Townsend coefficient and characteristics of electron runaway in nitrogen. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 30, 14 (2004).
30. 2. Proc. SPIE, 5483, 161-173 (2003).
31. A.N. Tkachev, S.I. Yakovlenko. Simulation of an electron avalanche in helium. Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 49, 371 (2004).
32. A.N. Tkachev, S.I. Yakovlenko. The Townsend coefficient and runaway of relativistic electrons in helium. Russ. Phys. -Lebedev Inst. Rep., 2, 43 (2004) (In Russian).
33. A.N. Tkachev, A.A. Fedenev, S.I. Yakovlenko. The Townsend coefficient and escape curve for neon. Russ. Phys. Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 75(4), 60-66 (2004) (In Russian).
34. S.B. Alekseev, V.M. Orlovskii, V.F. Tarasenko. E-beam formed in gas filled diode at atmospheric pressure of air and nitrogen. Tech. Phys. Lett., 29, 411 (2003).
35. S.B. Alekseev, V.M. Orlovskii, V.F. Tarasenko, A.N. Tkachov, S.I. Yakovlenko. Electron beam formation in helium at elevated pressure. Tech. Phys. Lett., 29, 679 (2003).
36. S.B. Alekseev, V.P. Gubanov, V.M. Orlovskii, A.S. Stepchenko, V.F. Tarasenko. Measurements of e-beam parameters. Instrum. Expl Techniques, 46, 505 (2003).
37. V.F. Tarasenko, V.M. Orlovskii, S.A. Shunailov. Formation e-beam and volume discharge in air at atmospheric pressure. Izv. Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fiz., 46, 94 (2003) (In Russian).
38. V.F. Tarasenko, S.I. Yakovlenko, V.M. Orlovskii, A.N. Tkachev, S.A. Shunailov. Production of powerful electron beams in dense gases. JETP Lett., 77, 611 (2003).
39. V.F. Tarasenko, S.I. Yakovlenko, V.M. Orlovskii, A.N. Tkachev. About the mechanism of shaping of high-power electronic beams in dense gases. Russ. Phys.-Lebedev Inst. Rep., 4, 8 (2003) (In Russian).
40. V.F. Tarasenko, V.G. Shpak, S.A. Shunailov, M.I. Yalandin, V.M. Orlovskii, S.B. Alekseev. Subnanosecond electron beams formed in a gas diode. Tech. Phys. Lett., 29, 879 (2003).
41. V.F. Tarasenko, S.I. Yakovlenko, V.M. Orlovskii, A.N. Tkachev. The effect of applied voltage on the formation of a subnanosecond electron beam in a gas-filled diode. Tech. Phys. Lett., 30, 335 (2004).
42. I.D. Kastyrya, V.S. Skakun, V.F. Tarasenko, A.N. Tkachev, S.I. Yakovlenko. Role of fast electrons in the formation of a volumetric pulse discharge at high pressure. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 30, 31 (2004) (In Russian).
43. A.N. Tkachev, S.I. Yakovlenko. Cathode layer parameters in high-pressure Xe excilamp. Proc. SPIE, 4747, 271 (2002);
44. Laser Phys., 12, 1022 (2002).
45. E. Krishnakumar, S.K. Srivastava. Ionization cross-sections of rare-gas atoms by electron impact. J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Opt. Phys, 21, 1055 (1988).
46. D.V. Fursa, I. Bray. Calculation of electron-helium scattering. Phys. Rev. A, 52, 1279 (1995).
47. A.M. Eletsky, B.M. Smirnov. Physical Processes in Gases, p. 44, table 3.4, Energoatomizdat, Moscow (1985) (In Russian).
48. J.C. Nickel, K. Imre, D.F. Register, S. Trajmar. Total electron scattering cross-sections: I. He, Ne, Ar, Xe. J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Opt. Phys., 18, 125 (1985).
49. D.F. Register, S. Trajmar. Differential, integral and momentum-transfer cross-sections for elastic electron scattering by neon: 5 to 100eV. Phys. Rev. A. 29, 1785 (1984).
50. G.D. Meneses, R.E.H. Clark, J. Abdallah, Jr, G. Csanak. Cross-sections for the excitation of 3s, 3p, 3d, 4p and 4s manifolds in e-Ne collisions. J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Opt. Phys., 35, 3119 (2002).
51. F.A. Sharpton, R.M. St. John, C.C. Lin, F.E. Fajen. Experimental and theoretical studies of electron-impact excitation of neon. Phys. Rev. A, 2, 1305 (1970).
52. A.G. Engelhardt, A.V. Phelps, C.G. Risk. Determination of momentum transfer and inelastic collision cross-sections for electrons in nitrogen using transport coefficients. Phys. Rev. A, 135, 1566 (1964).
53. -. Phys. Rev. Lett., 17, 847 (1966).
54. H.J. Blaauw, R.W. Wagenaar, D.H. Barends, F.J. de Heer. Total cross-sections for electron scattering from NZ and He. J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Opt. Phys., 13, 359 (1980).
55. 2 and NO. J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Opt. Phys., 13, 4695 (1980).
56. 2. J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Opt. Phys., 23, 1893 (1990).
57. 2: contributions from different dissociation channels of multiply ionized molecules. J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Opt. Phys., 31, 5369 (1998).
58. D. Rapp, P. Englander-Golden, D.P. Briglia, Englander-Golden, D.P. Briglia. Cross-sections for dissociative ionization of molecules by electron impact. J. Chem. Phys., 42, 4081 (1965).
59. B.L. Schram, F.J. deHeer, M.J. van der Wiel, J. Kistemaker. Ionization cross-sections for electrons (0.6-20 keV) in noble and diatomic gases. Physica, 31, 94 (1965).
60. 2. J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Opt. Phys., 34, 1185 (2001).
61. 2. II. Integral cross-sections at incident energies from 10 to 50 eV. Phys. Rev. A, 16, 1041 (1977).
62. G.J. Schulz. Resonances in electron impact on diatomic molecules. Rev. Mod. Phys., 45, 423 (1973).
63. 2 by low-energy electrons. J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Opt. Phys., 29, 1273 (1996).
64. V.I. Babanin, A. Ya. Ender. Influence of electron-atom collisions on electron movement in gas-filled diode. Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 44, 102 (1974) (In Russian).
65. 6 by using double collector cycloidal mass spectrometer. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 46, 31 (1983).
66. 2 mixtures from revised data. J. Appl. Phys., 55, 107 (1984).
67. 6, mixtures predicted from basic data. J. Appl. Phys., 50, 6789 (1979).
68. A.L. Ward. Calculation of cathode-fall characteristics. J. Appl. Phys., 33, 2789 (1962).
69. P.M. Penning. Nieuwe metingen over de doorslagspanningen van edelgassen. Physica, 12, 65 (1932).
70. A.N. Dikdji, B.N. Kl'anfeld. Voltage of the discharge ignition in He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe at low pressures. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 28, 1038 (1955).
71. L.G. Guseva, B.N. Kl'anfeld. Voltage of the discharge ignition in mercury vapours. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 24, 1169 (1954).
72. K.N. Ul'yanov, V.V. Chulkov. A left branch of the Paschen curve. Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 58, 328 (1988) (In Russian).
73. Yu.L. Stankevich, V.G. Kalinin. Fast electrons and X-radiation in the initial stage of pulse spark discharge development in air. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 177, 72 (1967).
74. R.C. Noggle, E.P. Krider, J.R. Wayland. A search for X rays from helium and air discharges at atmospheric pressure. J. Appl. Phys., 39, 4746 (1968).
75. 2 laser. Laser Phys., 14, 795 (2004).
76. V.F. Tarasenko, V.S. Skakun, I.D. Kostyrya, S.B. Alekseev, V.M. Orlovskii. On formation of subnanosecond electron beams in air under atmospheric pressure. Laser Particle Beams, 22, 75 (2004).
77. V.P. Gubanov, S.D. Korovin, I.V. Pegel', V.V. Rostov, A.S. Stepchenko, V.P. Tarakanov. Generation of powerful superwideband electromagnetic pulses of nanosecond duration in the system with coaxial TEM antenna. Izv. Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fiz., 12, 110 (1996) (In Russian).
78. S.B. Alekseev, V.P. Gubanov, V.M. Orlovskii, V.F. Tarasenko. A subnanosecond electron beam formed in a gas diode under high pressure. Pis'ma Zh.. Tekh. Fiz., 30, 35 (2004) (In Russian).
79. M.I. Yalandin, V.G. Shpak. Compact high-power subnanosecond repetitive-pulse generators, Instrum. Expl Techniques, 44, 5 (2001) (In Russian).
80. F.Ya. Zagulov, A.S. Kotov, V.G. Shpak, Ya.Ya. Yurike, M.I. Yalandin. RADAN-small-sized pulsed-repetitive high-current accelerators of electrons. Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, 2, 146 (1989) (In Russian).
81. G.A. Mesyats, Pulse Energy and Electronics, p. 704, Nauka, Moscow (2004) (In Russian).
82. V.F. Tarasenko, S.B. Alekseev, I.D. Kostyrya, V.M. Orlovskii, VS. Skakun. A volume nanosecond discharge in a non-uniform electric field under high pressure. Izv. Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fiz., 47, 96 (2004) (In Russian).
83. V.F. Tarasenko, S.B. Alekseev, V.M. Orlovskii, V.G. Shpak, S.A. Shunailov. Ultra-short electron beam and a volume high-current discharge in air under atmospheric pressure. Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 74, 30 (2004) (In Russian).
84. I.D. Kostyrya, VS. Skakun, V.F. Tarasenko, A.V. Fedenev. Optical characteristics of the plasma of the atmostheric-pressure volume discharge in nonuniform electrical field. Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 74, 35 (2004) (In Russian).
85. I.D. Kostyrya, V.F. Tarasenko. Formation of a volume discharge in air under atmospheric pressure with high voltage nanosecond pulses. Izv. Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fiz., 47, 95 (2004) (In Russian).
86. G.A. Mesyats, V.V. Osipov, V.F. Tarasenko, Pulsed Gas Lasers, 374 pp, SPIE, Optical Enginering Press, Bellingham, Washington (1995).
87. V.V. Savin, V.F. Tarasenko, Yu.I. Bychkov. Study of transient discharge stage in nitrogen laser. Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fisiki (Zh. Tekh. Fiz.), 46, 198 (1976) (In Russian).
88. V.V. Batygin, I.N. Toptygin. Collection of Tasks on Electrodynamics (publishing house Fiziko-matematicheckaya literatura, Moscow, 1962) (In Russian).
89. 6. Tech. Phys. Lett., 30, 12 (2004).
90. S.I. Yakovlenko. The mechanism of streamer propagation to the anode and to the cathode caused by background multiplication. Electron. J. 'Investigated in Russia', 9, 86 (2004) (http://zhurnal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/2004/009.pdf).
91. S.I. Yakovlenko. Mechanism for streamer propagation towards the anode and cathode due to background electron multiplication. Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fisiki, 74(9), 47-54 (2004) (In Russian).
92. S.I. Yakovlenko. About instability of a front of a wave of phone multiplication. Russ. Phys.-Lebedev Inst. Rep., 10, 27 (2004) (In Russian).
93. S.I. Yakovlenko. The mechanism of streamer propagation to the anode and to the cathode. Russ. Phys. - Lebedev Inst. Rep., 10, 27 (2004).
94. E.D. Lozansky, O.B. Firsov. The Theory of Spark Discharge, Atomizdat, Moscow (1975) (In Russian).
95. A.N. Tkachev, S.I. Yakovlenko. Simulation of the plasma creation in a cathode layer of the high-efficiency excilamp discharge. Laser Phys., 12, 1022 (2002).
96. 2 laser with discharge initiated by e-beam formed in operating mixture. Kvant. Electron., 33, 1059 (2003) (In Russian).
97. K.A. Zheltov. Picosecond High-current Electron Accelerators, Energoatomizdat, Moscow (1991) (In Russian).
98. V.V. Bakhteev, V.V. Osipov, V.I. Solomonov. Minerals luminescence under action of powerful nanosecond electron beams. Geophysics, 6, 37 (1994) (In Russian).