The Miocene floras of Iceland and their significance for late cainozoic North Atlantic biogeography

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

Volumn 149, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 369-417

  Denk, Thomas ^a   Grímsson, Fridgeir ^b   Kvaček, Zlatko ^c  

^a SWEDISH MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

^c CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Climate; Plant fossils; Plant migration patterns

Indexed keywords

CENOZOIC; FOSSIL RECORD; MIOCENE; PALEOBOTANY; PALEOECOLOGY; PHYTOGEOGRAPHY;

ARCTIC; EURASIA; EUROPE; ICELAND; NORTH AMERICA;

ACER; BETULA; BETULACEAE; COMPTONIA; CONIFEROPHYTA; CRYPTOMERIA; CRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA; FAGACEAE; FAGUS; FILICOPHYTA; JUGLANDACEAE; LIRIODENDRON; MAGNOLIA; MAGNOLIACEAE; MAGNOLIOPHYTA; PTEROCARYA FRAXINIFOLIA; RHODODENDRON; RHODODENDRON PONTICUM; SALIX; SASSAFRAS;

EID: 29044442169     PISSN: 00244074     EISSN: 10958339     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00441.x     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Akhmetiev MA, Bratzeva GM, Giterman RE, Golubeva LV, Moiseyeva AI. 1978. Late Cainozoic stratigraphy and flora of Iceland. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Published in English by the National Research Council, Reykjavik, Iceland, September 1981.
2. Aronson JL, Sæmundsson K. 1975. Relatively old basalts from structurally high areas in central Iceland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 28: 83-97.
3. Áskelsson J. 1946. Um gróourmenjar í Pórishlíoarfjalli vio Selárdal. Andvari 71: 80-86.
4. Áskelsson J. 1957. Myndir úr jarofræoi Íslands VI. Náttúrufrœoingurinn 27: 22-29.
5. Aulenback KR, Lepage BA. 1998. Taxodium wallisii sp. nov. - first occurrence of Taxodium from the Upper Cretaceous. International Journal of Plant Sciences 159: 367-390.
6. Baranova M. 1972. Systematic anatomy of the leaf epidermis in the Magnoliaceae and some related families. Taxon 21: 447-469.
7. Barrón E, Diéguez C. 1994. Neogene species of the genus Fagus L. from La Cerdaña (Lerida, Spain). Taxonomic conclusions and phylogenetic considerations. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 52: 21-32.
8. Boulter MC. 1970. Cryptomeria - a significant component of the European Tertiary. Paläontologische Abhandlungen B III: 279-287.
9. Boulter MC, Kvaček Z. 1989. The Palaeocene flora of the Isle of Mull. Special Papers in Palaeontology 42: 1-149.
10. Bronn HG. 1838. Lethaea Geognostica, oder Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der für die Gebirgs-Formationen bezeichnendsten Versteinerungen. Zweiter Band, das Kreide- und Molassen-Gebirge enthaltend. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart's-Verlagshandlung.
11. Chaloner BW. 1999. Plant and spore compression in sediments. In: Jones TP, Rowe NP, eds. Fossil plants and spores: modern techniques. London: Geological Society, 36-40.
12. Ciesilski PF, Case SM. 1989. Neogene paleoceanography of the Norwegian Sea based upon silicoflagellate assemblage changes in ODP Leg 104 sedimentary sequences. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 104: 527-541.
13. Denk T, Meller B. 2001. The systematic significance of the cupule/nut complex in living and fossil Fagus. International Journal of Plant Sciences 162: 869-897.
14. Dilcher DL. 1974. Approaches to the identification of angiosperm leaf remains. Botanical Review 40: 1-157.
15. Dorofeev P, Iljinskaja I. 1994. Fossil flowering plants of Russia and adjacent states, Vol. 3. Leitneriaceae-Juglandaceae. Komarov Botanical Institute, Saint Petersburg: Russian Academy of Sciences.
16. Duncan RA, Helgason J. 1998. Precise dating of the Holmat-indur cooling event in eastern Iceland: evidence for mid-Miocene bipolar glaciation. Journal of Geophysical Research 103, B6: 12397-12404.
17. Eldholm O, Myhre AM, Thiede J. 1994. Cainozoic tectonomagmatic events in the North Atlantic: potential palaeoenvironmental implications. In: Boulter MC, Fisher HC, eds. Cainozoic plants and climates of the Arctic. NATO ASI Series, Vol. 127. Berlin: Springer, 35-55.
18. Ferguson DK. 1971. The Miocene flora of Kreuzau, western Germany I. The leaf remains. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdelning Natuurkunde 60: 1-297. Amsterdam: London North-Holland Publishing Company.
19. Friedrich WL. 1966. Zur Geologie von Brjánslaekur (Nordwest-Island) unter besonderen Berücksichtigung der fossilen Flora. Sonderveröffentlichungen des Geologischen Institutes der Universität Köln 10, 1-110, Bonn: Wilhelm Stollfuss Verlag.
20. Friedrich WL, Símonarson LA. 1976. Acer askelssonii n. sp., grosse Neogene Teilfrüchte aus Island. Palaeontographica B 155: 151-166.
21. Friedrich WL, Símonarson LA. 1981. Die fossile Flora Islands: Zeugin der Thule- Landbrücke. Spektrum der Wissenschaft 10/1981: 22-31.
22. Friedrich WL, Símonarson LA. 1982. Acer-Funde aus dem Neogen von Island und ihre stratigraphische Stellung. Palaeontographica B 182: 151-166.
23. Friedrich WL, Símonarson LA. 1983. Fossile planter fra Island. Naturens Verden 9: 302-313.
24. Friedrich WL, Símonarson LA. 2002. The Tertiary flora of Iceland - a witness of a migration route between Europe and North America. 6th European Palaeobotany-Palynology Conference. Athens August 29-September 2: 183-184. Athens: University of Athens.
25. Friedrich WL, Símonarson LA, Heie OE. 1972. Steingervingar í millilögum í Mókollsdal. Náttú rufræoingurinn 42: 4-17.
26. Goeppert HR. 1855. Die tertiäre Flora von Schossnitz in Schlesien. Görlitz: Heyn'sche Buchhandlung (E. Remer).
27. Grímsson F, Denk T. 2005. Fagus from the Miocene of Iceland: systematics and biogeographical considerations. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 134: 27-54.
28. Hantke R. 1954. Die fossile Flora der obermiozänen Oehninger-Fundstelle Schrotzburg. Denkschriften der Schweitzerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 80: 27-118.
29. Hardarson BS, Fitton JG, Ellam RM, Pringle MS. 1997. Rift relocation - a geochemical and geochronological investigation of a palaeo-rift in northwest Iceland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 153: 181-196.
30. Heer O. 1856. Flora Tertiaria Helvetica - Die tertiäre Flora der Schweiz, 2nd volume. Winterthur.
31. Heer O. 1859. Flora Tertiaria Helvetica - Die tertiäre Flora der Schweiz, 3rd volume. Winterthur.
32. Heer O. 1865. Die Urwelt der Schweiz. Zürich.
33. Heer O. 1868. Flora fossilis arctica - Die fossile Flora der Polarländer enthaltend die in Nordgrönland, auf der Melville-Insel, im Banksland, am Mackenzie, in Island und in Spitzbergen entdeckten fossilen pflanzen. Zürich: Friedrich Schulthess.
34. Heer O. 1868-1883. Flora fossilis arctica. 8 volumes. Zürich: Friedrich Schulthess.
35. Heie OE, Friedrich WL. 1971. A fossil specimen of the North American Hickory Aphid (Longistigma caryae Harris) found in Tertiary deposits in Iceland. Entomologica Scandinavica 2: 74-80.
36. Jóhannesson H. 1980. Jarolagaskipan og próun rekbelta á Vesturlandi. Náttúrufrœoingurinn 50: 13-31.
37. Jóhannesson H, Sæmundsson K. 1989. Geological map of Iceland 1:500 000. Bedrock Geology, 1st edn. Reykjavík: Icelandic Museum of Natural History and Icelandic Geodetic Survey.
38. Kilpper K. 1968. Koniferen aus den tertiären Deckschichten des niederrheinischen Hauptflözes, 3. Taxodiaceae und Cupressaceae. Palaeontographica B 124: 102-111.
39. Knobloch E. 1969. Tertiäre Floren von Mähren. Brno: Moravské Museum Brno.
40. Knobloch E. 1998. Der pliozäne Laubwald von Willershausen am Harz. Documenta Naturae 120: 1-302.
41. Knobloch E, Kvaček Z. 1976. Miozäne Blätterfloren vom Westrand der Böhmischen Masse. Rozpravy Ústøedního Ústavu Geologického 42: 1-131.
42. Köppen W, Geiger R. 1928. Klimakarte der Erde, Wall-map 150 cm x 200 cm. Verlag Justus Perthes, Gotha.
43. Kovar-Eder J, Kvaček Z, Ströbitzer-Hermann M. 2004. The Miocene Flora of Parschlug (Styria, Austria) - Revision and Synthesis. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien A 104: 45-161.
44. Kristjansson L, Hardarson BS, Audunsson H. 2003. A detailed palaeomagnetic study of the oldest (approximate to 15 Myr) lava sequences in Northwest Iceland. Geophysical Journal of International 155: 991-1005.
45. Kvaček Z. 2002. Novelties on Doliostrobus (Doliostrobaceae), an extinct conifer genus of the European Palaeogene. Časopis Národního Muzea, řada Přírodovedná 171: 131-175.
46. Kvaček Z. 2004. Cuticular studies in the Early Oligocene flora of Flörsheim (Mainz Basin, Germany). Senckenbergiana Lethaea 84: 1-73.
47. Kvaček Z, Hurník S. 2000. Revision of Early Miocene plants preserved in baked rocks in the North Bohemian Tertiary. Acta Musei Nationalia Pragae B 56: 1-48.
48. Kvaček Z, Manum SB, Boulter MC. 1994. Angiosperms from the Palaeogene of Spitsbergen, including an unfinished work by A. G. Nathorst. Palaeontographica B 232: 103-128.
49. Kvaček Z, Velitzelos D, Velitzelos E. 2002. Late Miocene flora of Vegora, Macedonia, N Greece. Korali Publications, Athens.
50. LePage BA. 2001. New species of Picea A. Dietrich (Pinaceae) from the middle Eocene of Axel Heiberg Island, Arctic Canada. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 135: 137-167.
51. LePage BA, Basinger JF. 1991. Early Tertiary Larix from the Buchanan Lake Formation, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and a consideration of the phytogeography of the genus. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 403: 67-82.
52. Lindquist B. 1947. Two species of Betula from the Iceland Miocene. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 41: 339-353.
53. Liu Y-S. 1996. Foliar architecture of Betulaceae and a revision of the Chinese betulaceous megafossils. Palaeontographica B 239: 23-57.
54. Mädler K. 1939. Die pliozäne Flora von Frankfurt am Main. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 446: 1-202.
55. Mai DH. 1995. Tertiäre Vegetationsgeschichte Europas. Jena: Gustav Fischer.
56. Manchester SR. 1999. Biogeographical relationships of North American Tertiary floras. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86: 472-522.
57. Manum S. 1962. Studies in the Tertiary flora of Spitsbergen, with notes on Tertiary floras of Ellesmere Island, Greenland, and Iceland. A palynological investigation. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter 125: 1-127.
58. Massalongo A, Scarabelli G. 1859. Studii sulla flora fossile e geologia stratigrafica del Senigalliese. Imola, Italy.
59. McDougall I, Kristjansson L, Saemundsson K. 1984. Magnetostratigraphy and geochronology of Northwest Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research 89: 7029-7060.
60. Moorbath S, Sigurdsson H, Goodwin R. 1968. K-Ar ages of the oldest exposed rocks in Iceland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 4: 197-205.
61. Mudie PJ. 1989. Palynology and dynocyst biostratigraphy of the Late Miocene to Pleistocene, Norwegian Sea: ODP Leg 104, sites 642-644. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 104: 587-610.
62. Mudie PJ, de Vernal A, Head MJ. 1990. Neogene to recent palynostratigraphy of circum-arctic basins: results of ODP Leg 104, Norwegian Sea, Leg 105, Baffin Bay, and DSDP Site 611, Irminger Sea. In: Bleil U, Thiede J, eds. Geological history of the polar oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 609-646.
63. Mudie PJ, Helgason J. 1983. Palynological evidence for Miocene climate cooling in eastern Iceland about 9.8 Myr ago. Nature 303: 689-692.
64. Procházka J, Bůžek Č. 1975. Maple leaves from the Tertiary of North Bohemia. Rozpravy Ústøedního Ústavu Geologického 41: 7-86.
65. Sæmundsson K. 1974. Evolution of the Axial Rifting Zone in Northern Iceland and the Tjörnes Fracture Zone. Geological Society of American Bulletin 85: 495-504.
66. Sæmundsson K. 1979. Outline of the geology of Iceland. Jökull 29: 7-28.
67. Schorn HE, Erwin DM. 2000. The impression record history and ecological diversification of Pseudotsuga Carriere (Pinaceae) in western North America during the later half of the Cenozoic. Abstract F-4. Botany 2000, Oregon Convention Center 6-10 August, 2000 Portland, OR.
68. Schorn HE, Gooch NL. 1994. Amelanchier hawkinsae sp. nov. (Rosaceae, Maloideae) from the Middle Miocene of Stewart Valley, Nevada, and a review of the genus in the Nevada Neogene. Paleobios 16: 1-17.
69. Schorn HE, Thompson A. 1998. The genus Pseudotsuga: a revision of the fossil record and inferred paleo-biogeographical and migrational patterns. Integrative Paleontology and the Future, February 28, 1998. University of California, Berkeley: Museum of Paleontology, Abstract 27.
70. Símonarson LA. 1990. Fyrstu landspendýraleifarnar úr íslenskum tertíerlögum. Náttúrufrœ oingurinn 59: 189-195.
71. Símonarson LA. 1991. Hikkoría frá Tröllatunga. Náttúrufrœoingurinn 60: 144.
72. Símonarson LA, Akhmetiev M, Leifsdóttir ÓE, Friedrich WL, Eiríksson J. 2000. Rannsóknir á tertíerflóru í Dýrafiroi. Ágrip erinda og veggspjalda. Vorráostefna. Jarofraeoifélag Íslands, Reykjavík, April 13: 31-33. Geoscience Society of Iceland: Reykjavík.
73. Símonarson LA, Akhmetiev M, Leifsdóttir ÓE, Friedrich WL, Eiríksson J. 2002. The Upper Miocene Dufansdalur-Ketilseyri plant bearing horizon in Northwest Iceland. Abstract Volume. The 25th Nordic Geological Winter Meeting. January 6th-9th, Reykjavík, Iceland: 189. Geoscience Society of Iceland: Reykjavík.
74. Spicer RA. 1986. Pectinal veins: a new concept in terminology for the description of dicotyledonous leaf venation patterns. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 93: 379-388.
75. Steinthórsson S, Thorarinsson S. 1997. Iceland. In: Moores EM, Fairbridge RW, eds. Encyclopedia of European and Asian Regional Geology. London, New York: Chapman, 341-352.
76. Stern H, de Hoedt G, Ernst J. 2000. Objective classification of Australian climates. Australian Meteorological Magazine 49: 87-96.
77. Stults D, Axsmith BJ. 2004. A preliminary reinvestigation of the Citronella Formation flora of southern Alabama: age and paleoclimatic implications. 7th International Organization of Palaeobotany Conference. Bariloche, Argentina March 21-26, 2004: 115-116. Bahia Blanca, Argentina: Arsa Gráfica.
78. Sveshnikova IN. 1984. A new genus of the family Taxodiaceae from the Middle Miocene of Iceland. Yearbook of the All-Union Palaeontological Society 1: 263-269 (in Russian).
79. Thiede J, Eldholm O. 1983. Speculations about the paleodepth of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge during late Mesozoic and Cenozoic times. In: Bott MHP, Saxow S, Talwani M, Thiede J, eds. Structure and development of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge: new methods and concepts. Plenum, New York, 445-456.
80. Thiede J, Myhre AM. 1995. Non-steady behaviour in the Cenozoic polar north Atlantic system - the onset and variability of northern hemisphere glaciations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A - Physical Sciences and Engineering 352 (1699): 373-385.
81. Thiede J, Winkler A, Wolfwelling T, Eldholm O, Myhre AM, Baumann KH, Henrich R, Stein R. 1998. Late Cenozoic history of the polar North Atlantic - results from ocean drilling. Quaternary Science Reviews 17: 185-208.
82. Tian X, Guo Z-H, Li D-Z. 2002. Phylogeny of Aceraceae based on ITS and trnL-F data sets. Acta Botanica Sinica 44: 714-724.
83. Tiffney BH, Manchester SR. 2001. The use of geological and paleontological evidence in evaluating plant phylogeographic hypotheses in the northern hemisphere Tertiary. International Journal of Plant Sciences 162: S3-S17.
84. Velenovský J. 1881. Die Flora aus den ausgebrannten tertiären Letten von Vršovic bei Laun. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Classe VI (11): 1-56.
85. Walther H. 1972. Studien über tertiäre Acer Mitteleuropas. Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden 19: 1-309.
86. Windisch P. 1886. Beiträge Zur Kenntnis der Tertiärflora Von Island. Inaugural-Dissertation behufs Erlangung der philosophischen Doctorwürde der Hohen philosophischen Facultät der Universität Leipzig. Gebauer-Schwetschke'sche Buchdruckerei, Halle a. S.
87. Wolfe JA. 1966. Tertiary plants from the Cook Inlet Region, Alaska. Geological Survey Professional Paper 398-B: 1-32.
88. Zastawniak E, Walther H. 1998. Betulaceae from Sośnica near Wrocław (Poland) - a revision of Goeppert's original materials and study of more recent collections. Acta Palaeobotanica 38: 87-145.
89. Zhilin SG. 1980. Notes on systematics of fossil plants. Myricaceae. In: Systematics and evolution of higher plants. Leningrad: Nauka, 9-20 (in Russian).