The new German foreign policy consensus

Washington Quarterly

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 61-82

  Karp, Regina ^a  

^a OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 28944449595     PISSN: 0163660X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/016366005774859652     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Elizabeth Pond, The Rebirth of Europe (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1999).
2. John J. Mearsheimer, "Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War," International Security 15, no. 1 (Summer 1990): 5-56.
3. Hanns W. Maull, "Germany and the Use of Force: Still a 'Civilian Power'?" Survival 42, no. 2 (Summer 2000): 56.
4. See Hanns W. Maull, "Germany and Japan: The New Civilian Powers," Foreign Affairs 69, no. 5 (Winter 1990-1991): 91-106.
5. Wolfgang Wessels, "The German Debate on European Finality: Visions and Missions," in The European Finality Debate and Its National Dimensions, ed. Simon Serfaty (Washington, D.C.: CSIS Press, 2003), pp. 133-160.
6. Simon Bulmer and William E. Paterson, "Germany in the European Union: Gentle Giant or Emergent Leader?" International Affairs 72, no. 1 (January 1996): 9-32.
7. Beverly Crawford, "German Foreign Policy and European Political Cooperation: The Diplomatic Recognition of Croatia in 1991," German Politics and Society 13, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 1-34;
8. Beverly Crawford, "Defection From International Cooperation: Germany's Unilateral Recognition of Croatia," World Politics 48, no. 4 (July 1996): 425-521.
9. Nina Philippi, "Civilian Power and War: The German Debate About Out-of-Area Operations, 1990-1999," in Germany as a Civilian Power? The Foreign Policy of the Berlin Republic, eds. Sebastian Harnisch and Hanns W. Maull (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2001), pp. 49-67.
10. As of October 2005, Germany had deployed some 6,500 troops abroad. See http://bundeswehr.de/einsatz (German Ministry of Defense).
11. Thomas U. Berger, "Norms, Identity and National Security in Germany and Japan," in The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, ed. Peter J. Katzenstein (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996), pp. 317-356;
12. Peter J. Katzenstein, ed., Tamed Power: Germany in Europe (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1997);
13. John S. Duffield, World Power Forsaken: Political Culture, International Institutions, and German Security Policy After Unification (Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1998);
14. Thomas Banchoff, The German Problem Transformed: Institutions, Politics, and Foreign Policy, 1945-1995 (Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 1999);
15. Adrian Hyde-Price, Germany and European Order: Enlarging NATO and the EU (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2000), pp. 116-117;
16. Volker Rittberger, ed., German Foreign Policy Since Unification: Theories and Case Studies (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2001);
17. Kerry Longhurst, Germany and the Use of Force: The Evolution of German Security Policy, 1990-2003, (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2004).
18. These perspectives are evident in foreign policy articles, speeches, and interviews during 1998-2005 by Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer, and Coordinator for German-American Cooperation Karsten D. Voigt to domestic and international audiences. See http://www.bundesregierung.de (German government); http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de (German Foreign Ministry).
19. Elizabeth Pond, Friendly Fire: The Near-Death of the Transatlantic Alliance (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004), pp. 57-58.
20. Anja Dalgaard-Nielsen, "Gulf War: The German Resistance," Survival 45, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 99-116.
21. Gerhard Schröder, interview, "Bericht aus Berlin," German television ARD, August 9, 2002.
22. Hanns W. Maull, "'Normalisierung' oder Auszehrung? Deutsche Aussenpolitik im Wandel" [Normalization or a hollowing out? German foreign policy in a time of change], Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, March 8, 2004, p. 17.
23. Thomas Risse, "Kontinuitaet durch Wandel: Eine neue Deutsche Aussenpolitik" [Continuity through change: A new German foreign policy], Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, March 8, 2004, B11, p. 30.
24. Peter Rudolf, "The Myth of the 'German Way': German Foreign Policy and Transatlantic Relations," Survival 47, no. 1 (Spring 2005): 133-152.
25. Gerhard Schröder, interview, Die Zeit, November 28, 2002.
26. Joschka Fischer, "Ten Years After the Fall of the Wall: Prospects for a Transatlantic Partnership in the Twenty-first Century," (speech, Council on Foreign Relations, New York, November 5, 1999) (hereinafter Fischer Council on Foreign Relations speech).
27. Joschka Fischer, "The United States, Germany and Europe in an Era of Global Challenges" (speech, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., September 15, 2000) (hereinafter Fischer Georgetown speech).
28. Gerhard Schröder, "Grundsaetze und Instrumente deutscher Sicherheitspolitik" [Principles and instruments of German security policy] (speech, Bundesakademie für Sicherheitspolitik, Berlin, March 19, 2004), http://www.bundesregierung.de/Reden-Interviews-,11635.624649/rede/ Rede-von-Bundeskanzler-Schroed.htm
29. Joschka Fischer, "Abruestung wird man nicht mit Krieg erzwingen" [Disarmament cannot be forced by war], Stern, March 5, 2003.
30. Alfred Pfaller, "Globale Stabilisierung als Imperativ: Eckpunkte einer aussenpolitischen Strategie für Deutschland" [Global stabilization as imperative: Guiding principles of a foreign policy strategy for Germany], Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft 1, no. 1 (March 2004): 74-95.
31. Joachim Krause, "Multilaterale Ordnung oder Hegemonie? Zur transatlantischen Debatte uber die weltpolitische Neuordnung" [Multilateral order or hegemony? On the transatlantic debate about the new political order], Das Parlament, August 1, 2003, http://www.bundestag.de/cgi-bin/druck.pl?N=parlament.
32. "Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder Talks to Wall Street Journal About State of Transatlantic Relations," February 16, 2005, http://www.germany-info.org/phprint.php (hereinafter Schröder Wall Street Journal interview).
33. Adrian Hyde-Price and Charlie Jefferey, "Germany in the European Union: Constructing Normality," Journal of Common Market Studies 39, no. 4 (November 2001): 689-717.
34. Robert Kagan, Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order (New York: Vintage Books, 2004).
35. Fischer Georgetown speech.
36. Ibid.
37. Gerhard Schröder, "Transatlantic Relations Must Respond to Considerable Changes" (speech, Fortieth Munich Security Conference, Munich, February 14, 2005).
38. Gerhard Schröder, "Konsultationen mit den USA Verstaerken" [Strengthen consultations with the United States], Handelsblatt, February 16, 2005;
39. Schröder Wall Street Journal interview.
40. Bernd Scharioth, "Die EU als globale Friedensmacht" [The EU as a global power for peace] (speech, European Security and Defense College, Berlin, September 24, 2004).
41. Wolfgang Wagner, "Renationalisation by Default: Germany's Mounting Gap Between Symbolism and Substance in European Security and Defense Policy," paper presented at the Fifth Pan-European International Relations Conference, The Hague, September 9-11, 2004;
42. Gunther Hellmann et al., "De-Europeanization by Default? Germany's EU Policy in Defense and Asylum," Foreign Policy Analysis 1, no. 1 (March 2005): 143-164.
43. Kerstin Mueller, "U.S.-Sicherheitsstrategie und ihre Auswirkungen auf Europa" [U.S. security strategy and its consequences for Europe], Heinrich-Boell-Stiftung, Berlin, November 13, 2003;
44. Kerstin Müller, "Aktionsplan Zivile Krisenpräventation, Konfliktlösung und Friedenskosolidierung" [Action plan for crisis prevention, conflict resolution, and peace consolidation], May 12, 2004, http://auswaertiges-amt.de/www/de/archiv_print?archiv_id=6158.
45. Joschka Fischer, "Zivile Aspekte des Konfliktmanagements und des Peacebuildings" [Civil aspects of conflict management and peace-building], New York, September 22, 2004.
46. Joschka Fischer, "Amerika hatte kein Verdun" [America had no Verdun], Der Spiegel, March 24, 2003.
47. Federal Ministry of Defense, http://www.bmvg.de/C1256F1200608B1B/vwContentByKey/W26GNBPN383INFODE.
48. K Mueller, "U.S.-Sicherheitsstrategie und ihre Auswirkungen auf Europa."
49. See "A Secure Europe in a Better World," December 12, 2003, http://ue.eu.int/uedocs/cms/Upload/78367.pdf;
50. "EU Strategy Against the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction," December 12, 2003, http://ue.eu.int/st15708.en03.pdf.
51. Wolfgang Schäuble, Keine Politik über die Koepfe anderer [No politics over the heads of others], Handelsblatt, July 26, 2005.
52. For examples of policy continuity, see Angela Merkel, "2004 darf kein verlorenes Jahr werden" [2004 must not become a lost year] (Thirty-ninth Munich Security Conference, Munich, February 7, 2004);
53. Angela Merkel, "Vier Koordinaten einer deutschen Aussen- und Sicherheitspolitik" [Four coordinates of German foreign and security policy] (Fortieth Munich Security Conference, Munich, February 12, 2005).
54. Bertrand Benoit, "Schröder's Efforts Poised to Bear Fruit Just as He Prepares to Depart the Scene," Financial Times, September 15, 2005, p. 10.
55. Susanne Iden, "Friedbert Pflueger strebt in the erste Reihe der Aussenpolitik" [Friedbert Pflueger strives for leadership role in foreign policy], August 5, 2005, http://www.friedbert-pflueger.de/FP/printview.php?t=300&start=0.
56. Karsten C. Voigt, "A German Perspective: Opportunities and Misperceptions," Royal Institute for International Relations, Brussels, Belgium, January 13, 2005.
57. J Krause, "Multilaterale Ordnung oder Hegemonie?"
58. Fischer Council on Foreign Relations speech.