Etiology of childhood diarrhea in Zliten, Libya

Saudi Medical Journal

Volumn 26, Issue 11, 2005, Pages 1759-1765

  Ali, Mustafa B ^a   Ghenghesh, Khalifa S ^b   Aissa, Ridha B ^c   Abuhelfaia, Ali ^a   Dufani, Mohamed ^b  

^a Department of Biology   (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TRIPOLI   (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)

^c PASTEUR INSTITUTE OF TUNIS   (Tunisia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; AMPICILLIN; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; CEFOXITIN; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CIPROFLOXACIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DOXYCYCLINE; GENTAMICIN; NALIDIXIC ACID; NORFLOXACIN; ROTAVIRUS VACCINE;

AEROMONAS; AGE; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BREAST FEEDING; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; DIARRHEA; ENTAMOEBA DISPAR; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; GENDER; GIARDIA LAMBLIA; HUMAN; INFANT; LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NONHUMAN; PREVALENCE; ROTAVIRUS; SALMONELLA ENTERICA; SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS; SALMONELLA HEIDELBERG; SEASONAL VARIATION; SEROTYPE; SHIGELLA; WATER SUPPLY;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANIMALS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COHORT STUDIES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DIARRHEA; DIARRHEA, INFANTILE; DYSENTERY, AMEBIC; DYSENTERY, BACILLARY; FECES; FEMALE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LIBYA; MALE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SEX DISTRIBUTION; URBAN POPULATION;

EID: 28844500641     PISSN: 03795284     EISSN: 03795284     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Kosek M, Bern C, Guerrant RL. The global burden of diarrocal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 197-204.
2. Sack RB, Rahman M, Yunus M, Khan EH. Antimicrobial resistance in organisms causing diarrheal disease. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24: 102-105.
3. Hohmann EL. Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32: 263-269.
4. Giasuddin ASM, Boryswick G, Abusedra A. Rotavirus-associated diarrhoeal disease in Libyan infants up to one year of age. Journal of the Islamic Academy of Sciences 1990; 3: 218-220.
5. Ghenghesh KS, Abeid SS, Bara F, Bukris B. Etiology of childhood diarrhea in Tripoli-Libya. Jamahiriya Medical Journal 2001; 1: 23-29.
6. Collee JG, Duguid JP, Fraser AG, Marmion BP, editors. Practical Medical Microbiology. 3th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill, Livingstone; 1989.
7. Carnhan AM, Behram S, Joseph SW. Aerokey II: a flexible key for identifying clinical Aeromonas species. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 2843-2849.
8. Cheesbrough M, editor. Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries. England (UK): Thetford Press Ltd; 1984.
9. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically. Approved standard M2-A5. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Villanova (PA); 1993.
10. El-Sheikh SM, El-Assouli M. Prevalence of viral, bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens among young children with acute diarrhea in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Health Popul Nutr 2001; 19: 25-30.
11. Ismaeel AY, Jamsheer AE, Yousif AQ, Al-Otaibi MA, Botta GA. Causative pathogens of severe diarrhea in children. Saudi Med J 2002; 23: 1064-1069.
12. Youssef M, Shurman A, Bougnoux M, Rawashdeh R, Bretagne S, Strockbine N. Bacterial, viral and parasitic enteric pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in hospitalized children from northern Jordan. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2000; 28: 257-263.
13. Georges MC, Wachsmuth IK, Meunier DMV, Nebout N, Didier F, Siopathis MR, et al. Parasitic, bacterial, and viral enteric pathogens associated with diarrhea in the Central African Republic. J Clin Microbiol 1984; 19: 571-575.
14. World Health Organization (WHO). The Treatment of Diarrhea. A Manual for Physicians and Other Senior Health Care Workers. Document WHO/CDR/95.3, 10/95. Geneva: WHO; 1995.
15. Urio EM, Collison EK, Gashe BA, Sebunya TK, Mpuchane S. Shigella and Salmonella strains isolated from children under 5 years in Gaborone, Botswana, and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Trop Med Int Health 2001; 6: 55-59.
16. El Nageh MM. Salmonella isolations from human faces in Tripoli, Libya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1988; 82: 324-326.
17. El-Ghodban A, Ghenghesh KS, Marialigeti K, Abeid S. Serotypes, virulence factors, antibiotic susceptibility, betalactamase activity and plasmid analysis of Salmonella from children with diarrhea in Tripoli (Libya). Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2002; 49: 433-444.
18. Saha MR, Saha D, Dutta P, Mitra U, Bhattacharya SK. Isolation of Salmonella enterica serotypes from children with diarrhea in Calcutta, India. J Health Popul Nutr 2001; 19: 301-305.
19. Ghenghesh K, Bara F, Bukris B, Abeid S. Shigella-associated diarrhea in children in Tripoli-Libya. Saudi Med J 1997; 18: 557-559.
20. Al-Jurayyan NA, Al-Rashed AM, Al-Nasser MN, Al-Mugeiren MM, Al-Mazyad AS. Childhood bacterial diarrhoea in a regional hospital in Saudi Arabia: clinico-aetiological features. J Trop Med Hyg 1994; 97: 87-90.
21. Al-Braiken FA, Amin A, Beeching NJ, Hommel M, Hart CA. Detection of Cryptosporidium amongst diarrhoeic and asymptomatic children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2003; 97: 505-510.
22. Nimri LF, Hijazi SS. Cryptosporidium. A cause of gastroenteritis in preschool children in Jordan. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994; 19: 288-291.
23. Iqbal J, Hira PR, Al-Ali F, Philip R. Cryptosporidiosis in Kuwaiti children: seasonality and endemicity. Clin Microbiol Infect 2001; 7: 261-266.
24. Al-Eissa YA, Assuhaimi SA, Abdullah AM, AboBakr AM, Al-Husain MA, Al-Nasser MN, et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Saudi children: a community-based study. J Trop Pediatr 1995; 41: 47-49.
25. Moalla H, Fendri C. Etiology of acute diarrhea in children. Tunis Med 1994; 72: 25-28.
26. Habbari K, Tifnouti A, Bitton G, Mandil A. Intestinal parasitosis and environmental pollution: 1343 pediatric cases in Beni-Mellal, Morocco. Tunis Med 2000; 78: 109-114.
27. Petri WA, Singh U. Diagnosis and management of amebiasis. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29: 1117-1125.
28. Bass D, Greenberg H. Group A rotavirus. In: Blaser M, Smith P, Ravdin J, editors. Infections of the gastrointestinal Tract. New York: Raven Press; 1995. p. 967.
29. Pang XL, Joensuu J, Vesikari T. Human calcivirus-associated sporadic gastroenteritis in Finnish children less than two years of age followed prospectively during a rotavirus vaccine trail. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18: 420-426.
30. Alam M, Akhtar YN, Ali SS. Seasonal variations in bacterial pathogens isolated from stool samples in Karachi, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 2003; 53: 125-129.
31. Farthing MJ. Giardia lamblia. In: Blaser M, Smith P, Ravdin J, editors. Infections of the gastrointestinal Tract. New York: Raven Press; 1995. p. 1081.
32. Ratner AJ, Neu N, Jakob K, Grumet S, Adachi A, Della-Latta P, et al. Nosocomial rotavirus in a pediatric hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22: 299-301.
33. Taher IAA, Tobgi RS. Emergence of multi-drug resistant salmonellae isolated from neonates in Benghazi-Libya. J Bahrain Med Soc 1997; 9: 165-167.
34. Pittet D, Hugonnet S, Harbarth S, Mourouga P, Sauvan V, Touveneau S, et al. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection control programme. Lancet 2000; 356: 1307-1312.
35. Ros SP, Cabrera-Ros BL. Poor compliance with universal precautions: a universal phenomenon? Pediatr Emerg Care 1990; 6: 183-185.
36. Naficy AB, Abu-Elyazeed R, Holmes JL, Rao MR, Savarino SJ, Kim Y, et al. Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in Egyptian children and implications for disease control. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 150: 770-777.
37. Ghenghesh KS, Kreasta M, El-bakoush M, Tobgi R. Rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis. Jamahiriya Medical Journal 2002; 2: 12-17.
38. Shapiro RL, Kumar L, Phillips-Howard P, Wells JG, Adcock P, Brooks J, et al. Antimicrobial-resistant bacterial diarrhea in rural western Kenya. J Infect Dis 2001; 183: 1701-1704.
39. Rahman M, Islam H, Ahmed D, Sack RB. Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Gloucester and Salmonella Typhimurium in Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2001; 19: 191-198.