NASA research in composite structure damage tolerance and composite applications in the oil industry

Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference

Volumn 4, Issue , 2005, Pages 2515-2554

  Williams, Jerry G ^a,b  

^a Petroleum Composites   (United States)

^b AIAA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRCRAFT WING; DAMAGE TOLERANCE; DESIGN CONSTRAINTS; FUSELAGE STRUCTURE;

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING; COMPACTION; CONSTRAINT THEORY; CORROSION RESISTANCE; FATIGUE OF MATERIALS; MOTIVATION; RELIABILITY; WINGS;

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES;

EID: 28844500405     PISSN: 02734508     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (302)

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3. Werren, Fred: Mechanical properties of Plastic Laminates. United States Department of Agriculture Forrest Products Laboratory. Report 1820. February 1951.
4. Werren, Fred: Mechanical Properties of Plastic Laminates. United States Department of Agriculture Forrest Products Laboratory. Report 1820-A. February 1953.
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8. Freas, Alan D.; and Werren, Fred: Mechanical Properties of Cross-Laminated and Composite Glass-Fabric-Base Plastic Laminates. United States Department of Agriculture Forrest Products Laboratory. Report 1821-A. March 1953.
9. Boller, K. H.: Fatigue Tests of Glass-Fabric-Base Laminates Subjected to Axial Loading. United States Department of Agriculture Forrest Products Laboratory. Report 1823. May 1952.
10. Schuette, Evan H.; Barab, Saul; and McCracken, Howard L.: Compression Strength of 24S-T Aluminum- Alloy Flat Panels With Longitudinally Formed Hat-Section Stiffeners. NACA TN 1157, 1946.
11. Hickman, William A., and Dow, Norris F.: "Compressive Strength of 24S-T Aluminum-Alloy Flat Panel With Longitudinal Formed Hat-Section Stiffeners Having Four Ratios of Stiffener Thickness to Skin Thickness," NACA TN 1553, 1948.
12. Hickman, William A.; and Dow, Noms F.: Data on the Compressive Strength of 75S-T6 Aluminum-Alloy Flat Panels Having Small Thin, Widely Spaced, Longitudinal Extruded Z-Section Stiffeners. NACA TN 1978. 1949.
13. Hickman, William A.; and Dow, Norris F.: Data of 75S-T6 Aluminum-Alloy Flat Panels With Longitudinal Extruded Z-Section Stiffeners. NACA TN 1824.1949.
14. Dow, Norris F.; and Hickman, William A.: Design Charts for Flat Compression Panels Having Longitudinal Extruded Y-Section Stiffeners and Comparison With Panels Having Formed Z-Section Stiffeners. NACA TN 1389. 1947.
15. th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, AIAA Paper 75-754, May 1975.
16. Tripp, L. L., Tamekuni, M., and Viswanathan, A. V.: User's Manual-BUCLASP-2. A Computer Program for Instability Analysis of Biaxially Loaded Composite Stiffened Panels and Other Structures. NASA CR-112226. 1973.
17. Halstead, David W., Tripp, L. L., Tamekuni, M., and Baker, L. L.: User's Manual BUCLAP2. A Computer Program for Instability Analysis of Laminated Long Plates Subjected to Combined Inplane Loads. NASA CR-132298. 1973.
18. Williams, Jerry G.; and Stein, Manuel: Buckling Behavior and Structural Efficiency of Open-Section Stiffened Composite Compression Panels. AIAA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 11, November 1976. pp. 1618-1626.
19. Williams, Jerry G.; and Stein, Manuel: Buckling Behavior and Structural Efficiency of Open-Section Stiffened Composite Compression Panels. Proceedings of AIAA/ASME/SAE 17th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Valley Forge, PA, May 5-7, 1976.
20. Stein, Manuel; and Williams, Jerry G.: Buckling and Structural Efficiency of Sandwich-Blade Stiffened Composite Compression Panels. NASA TP-1269, September 1978.
21. Anderson, M. S.; and Stroud, W. J.: General Panel Sizing Computer Code and Its Application to Composite Structural Panels. AIAA Journal, Vol. 17, Number 8, August 1979.
22. Williams, Jerry G.; Anderson, Melvin S.; Rhodes, Marvin D.; Starnes, James H., Jr.; and Stroud, W. Jefferson: Recent Developments in the Design, Testing and Impact-Damage Tolerance of Stiffened Composite Panels. Fibrous Composites in Structural Design, E. M. Lenoe, D. W. Oplinger, and J. J. Burke, Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1980, pp. 259-291.
23. Also available as NASA TM 80077, April 1979.
24. Rhodes, M. D.; Williams, J. G.; and Stames, J. H., Jr.: "Low-Velocity Impact Damage in Graphite-Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Laminates". Presented at the 34th Annual Conference Reinforced Plastics/Composite Institute, The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. in New Orleans, Louisiana, January 29 - February 2, 1979.
25. Starnes, J. H., Jr.; Rhodes, M. D.; and Williams, J. G.: Effect of Impact Damage and Holes on the Compression Strength of a Graphite-Epoxy Laminate. ASTMSTP696, 1979, pp. 145-171.
26. Knauss, W. G.; Babcock,C. D. and Chai,H.: Visualization of Impact Damage of Composite Plates by Means of the Moiré Technique. NASA Contractor Report 159261, California Institute of Technology. April 1980.
27. Rhodes, Marvin D.; Williams, Jerry G.; and Starnes, James H., Jr.: Low velocity Impact Damage in Fiber-Reinforced Laminated Epoxy Structures. Polymer Composites, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 1981, pp. 36-44.
28. Williams, Jerry G. and Rhodes, Marvin P.: The Effect of Resin on the Impact Damage Tolerance of Graphite-Epoxy Laminates. NASA TM 83213, October 1981.
29. Rhodes, Marvin D.; and Williams, Jerry G.: Lacquer Reveals Impact Damage in Composite Wing Structure. Presented at NASA ACEE Program Review. November 1981.
30. Freeman, S. M.: "Characterization of Lamina and Interlaminar Damage in Graphite/Epoxy by the Deply Technique. Composite Materials". Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Sixth Conference), edited by I. M. Daniel, ASTM STP 787, 1982, pp. 50-62.
31. Williams, Jerry G.; and Rhodes, Marvin D.: "Effect of Resin On Impact Damage Tolerance of Graphite-Epoxy Laminates". Composite Materials: Testing and Design (6th Conference), ASTM STP 787, 1. M. Daniel, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, December 1982, pp. 450-480.
32. Noor, Ahmed K.; Shuart, Mark J; Stames, James H., Jr.; and Williams Jerry G. (Editors): Failure Analysis and Mechanisms of Failure of Fibrous Composite Structures. Conference held March 23-25, 1982. NASA CP-2278. 1983.
33. Williams, Jerry G.: "Microbuckling Initiated Failure in Tough Resin Laminates." Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Mechanics of Composites Review, Dayton, OH, October 5-7, 1982. AFWAL-TR-83-4005, April 1983, pp. 46-57.
34. Chai, H.; Knauss, W. G.; and Babcock, C. D.: "Observation of Damage Growth in Compressively Loaded Laminates." Experimental Mechanics. September 1983. pp. 329-337.
35. Williams, Ierry G.; and Waters, W. Allen: "Failure Mechanisms Characteristics of Compression Loaded Laminates Containing Local Discontinuities." Paper Presented at the ASTM Symposium, on Delamination and Debonding of Materials, Pittsburgh, PA, November 8-10, 1983.
36. Williams, Jerry G.: Effect of Impact-Damage and Open Holes on the Compression Strength of Tough Resin/High Strain Fiber Laminates. NASA Langley Tough Composite Materials Workshop, May 26-26, 1983. NASA TM 85756, February 1984.
37. Hahn, H. T.; and Williams, Jerry G.: "Compression Failure Mechanisms in Unidirectional Composites." Presented at the ASTM Seventh Symposium on Composite Materials: Testing and Design, Philadelphia, PA, April 2-4, 1984. Also available as NASA TM 85834, August 1984.
38. Hahn, H T. and Williams, Jerry G.: "The Effect of Constituent Properties On Compressive Failure Mechanisms In Unidirectional Composites." Tenth Annual Mechanics of Composite Review. Dayton, Ohio. October 15-17, 1984.
39. Shuart, Mark J.; and Williams, Jerry G.: "Investigating Compression Failure Mechanisms in Composite Laminates with a Transparent Fiberglass/Epoxy Birefringent Material." Experimental Techniques. NASA TM-86306, August 1984.
40. Hahn, H. T.; and Williams, Jerry G.: "Compressive Failure Mechanisms in Unidirectional Composites." Presented at the Tenth Annual Mechanics of Composites Review, Dayton, OH, October 15-17, 1984. Published in 1985 AFWAL-TR.
41. Waters, Willíam Allen; and Williams, Jerry G.: Failure Mechanisms of Laminates Transversely Loaded by Bolt Push-Through. NASA TM-87603. September 1985.
42. Mohsen M Sohi; Hahn, H. Thomas; and Williams, Jerry G.: The Effect of Resin Toughness and Modulus On Compressive Failure Modes of Quasi-Isotropic Graphite/Epoxy Laminates. NASA TM-87604. March 1986.
43. Howland, R. C. J.: "On the Stresses in the Neighborhood of a Circular Hole In a Strip Under Tension." Philos. Trans. R. Soc., London, Ser. Q, Vol. 229, January 6, 1930, pp. 49-86.
44. rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA Paper No. 66-143, January 24-26, 1966.
45. Waddoups, M. E., Eisenmann, J. R, and Kaminski, B. E.: "Macroscopic Fracture Mechanics of Advanced Materials." Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 5, 1971, pp. 446-654.
46. Whitney, J. M. and Nuismer. R. J.: "Stress Fracture Criteria for Laminated Composites Containing Stress Concentrations." Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 8, July 1974, pp. 253.
47. Nuismer R J. and Whitney J. M.: "Uniaxial Failure of Composite Laminates Containing Stress Concentrations." Fracture Mechanics of Composites, ASTM STP 593, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1975, pp. 117-142.
48. Garbo, S. P. and Ogonowski, J. M.: "Strength Predictions of Composite Laminates with Unloaded Fastener Holes." MCAIR 79-010, Presented at the AIAA/20th Structures, Dynamics and Materials Conference held in St. Louis, Missouri on April 4-6, 1977.
49. Knauss, J. F.; Starnes, J. H., Jr.; and Henneke, E. G.: "The Compressive Failure of Graphite/Epoxy Plates with Circular Holes." VPI-E-78-5. Interim Report Number 11, NASA-VPI&SU Composites Program, NASA Grant NGR 47-004-129, February 1978.
50. Stames, James H., Jr.; Rhodes, Marvin D.; and Williams, Jerry G.: "Effect of Impact Damage and Holes on the Compressive Strength of a Graphite-Epoxy Laminate." Nondestructive Evaluation and Flaw Criticality for Composite Materials, ASTM STP 696, R. B. Pipes, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, 1979, pp. 145-171. Also available as NASA TM 78796.
51. Starnes, J. H., Jr.; Rhodes, M. D.; and Williams, J. G.: "Effect of Impact Damage and Holes on the Compressive Strength of a Graphite/Epoxy Laminate." Nondestructive Evaluation and Flaw Criticality for Composite Materials, ASTM STP 696, R. B. Ppes, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, 1979, pp. 145-171.
52. Hong, C. S. and Crews, J. H. Jr.: Stress-Concentration Factors for Finite Orthotropic Laminates with a Circular Hole and Uniaxial Loading. NASA Technical Paper 1469, May 1979.
53. Stames, J. H., Jr.: "Compressive Strength of Graphite-Epoxy Structural Components with Cutouts." Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Mechanics of Composites Review Technical Report AFWAL-TR-80-4020, January 1980, pp. 125-133.
54. Garbo, S. P.: "Compression Strength of Laminates with Unloaded Fastener Holes." MCAIR 80-005, Presented at the 21st Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference held in Seattle, Washington on May 12-14, 1980.
55. Mikulas, Martin M., Jr.: Failure Prediction Techniques for Compression Loaded Composite Laminates With Holes. Special Review of ACEE Composites Programs. Seattle, Washington. August 11-13, 1980. NASA CP 2142.
56. Williams, Jerry G.: Proposed Compression Loaded Composite Impact and Hole Test Methods. Presented at ACEE Workshop on Standardization of Test Methods for Damage Tolerance. Presented at ACEE Project review. Seattle, WA, December 1981.
57. Rhodes, M. D., Mikulas, M. M. Jr., and McGowan, P. E., "Effect of Orthotropic Properties and Panel Width on the Compression Strength of Graphite-Epoxy Laminates with Holes," AIAA Paper 82-0749, 1982.
58. Williams, Jerry G.: "NASA LCPAS Materials Test Results for Compression Loaded Panels with Impact Damage and Open Holes." Presented at ACEE Sponsored NASA/Manufacturers Workshop. NASA Langley Research Center. December 15, 1982.
59. Williams, Jerry G.: Effect of Impact Damage and Open Holes On The Compression Strength Of Tough Resin/High Strain Fiber Laminates. NASA TM-85756. February 1984.
60. Shuart, Mark J.; and Williams, Jerry G.: "Compression Failure Characteristics of +45° Dominated Laminates with a Circular Hole or Impact Damage." Proceedings of the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS 25th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Palm Springs, CA, May 14-16, 1984. AIAAPaperNo. 84-0848.
61. Haftka, Raphael T.; and Starnes, James H., Jr.: "Use of Optimum Stiffness Tailoring to Improve the Compressive Strength of Composite Plates with Holes." Presented at the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS 26th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Material Conference, Orlando, FL, April 15-17, 1985. AIAA Paper No. 85-0721-CP
62. Burns, Stephen W.; Herakovich, Carl T.; and Williams Jerry T.: "Compressive Failure of Notched Angle-Ply Composite Laminates; Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis and Experiment." Virginia Tech Center for Composite Materials and Structures Publication CCMS-85-11, VPI-E-85-22. November 1985.
63. Shuart, Mark J.; and Williams, Jerry G.: "Compression Behavior of ±45°-Dominated Laminates with a Circular Hole or Impact Damage." AIAA Journal. Vol. 24, No. 1, January 1986. pp 115-122.
64. Rhodes, Marvin D.; Williams, Jerry G.; and Starnes, James H., Jr.: Effect of Low Velocity Impact Damage on the Compressive Strength of Graphite-Epoxy Hat-Stiffened Panels. NASA TN D-8411, April 1977.
65. Rhodes, Marvin D.; Williams, Jerry G., and Starnes, Jr., James H.: "Effect of Impact Damage on the Compression Strength of Filamentary Composite Hat-Stiffened Panels." The Science of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Series, Vol. 23, Selected Applications of Materials for Products and Engineering, SAMPE, May 1978, pp. 300-319.
66. Rhodes, M. D.: Impact Tests on Fibrous Composite Sandwich Structures, NASA Technical Memorandum 78719, October 1978.
67. Williams, Jerry G.: "Composite Structures Research and Component Experiences Applicable to General Aviation Aircraft." Presented at the 1980 SAE Turbine Powered Executive Aircraft Meeting, Scottsdale, AZ, April 9-11, 1980.
68. Rhodes, M.D.: Damage Tolerance Research on Composite Compression Panels. Selected NASA Research in Composite Materials, and Structures, NASA CP 2142, 107-142,Aug. 1980.
69. Rhodes, M. D.; and Williams, J. G.: "Concepts for Improving the Damage Tolerance of Composite Compression Panels." Proc. 5th DOD/NASA Conf. on Fibrous Composites in Structural Design, New Orleans, LA, January 1981 Vol. 2, pp. 301-341. Also available as NASA TM 85748.
70. Stames, Jr., James H. and Williams, Jerry G.: Failure Characteristics of Graphite-Epoxy Structural Components Loaded In Compression. NASA TM 84552. September 1982.
71. Stames, James H., Jr.; and Williams, Jerry G: "Failure Characteristics of Graphite-Epoxy Structural Components Loaded in Compression." Mechanics of Composite Materials: Recent Advances, Z. Hashin and C. T. Herakovich, Pergamon Press, New York, 1983, pp. 283-306.
72. Williams, Jerry G.; Starnes, James H., Jr.; and Waters, Alien W.: "Applications of Kevlar-Eppxy in Damage Tolerant Compression Loaded Structures." Presented at the DOD/NASA 6th Conference on Fibrous Composites in Structural Design, New Orleans, LA, January 24-27, 1983.
73. Williams, Jerry G.; Starnes, James H., Jr.; and Waters, W. Allen: "Damage Tolerance Characteristics of Kevlar-Epoxy Laminates Loaded in Compression." Presented at the Ninth Annual Mechanics of Composites Review, Dayton, OH, October 24-26.1983. Published in 1984 AFWAL-TR.
74. Williams, Jerry G.: "Damage Tolerance Research on Composite Compression Panels." Presented at the ACEE Composite Structures Technology Conference, Seattle, WA, August 13-16, 1984.
75. Williams, Jerry G.; Starnes, James H., Jr.; and Waters, W. Allen: "Damage-Tolerance Characteristics of Kevlar-Epoxy Laminates Loaded in Compression." Paper presented at the Ninth Annual Mechanics of Composites Review, Dayton, OH, October 24-26, 1983.
76. Williams, Jerry G.; Palmer, Raymond J.; and Tucci, Allan T.: Continuous Filament Isogrid Composite Panel. NASA Tech Brief LAR-12975, 1984.
77. Williams, Jerry G.: "Damage Tolerance Research on Composite Compression Panels." Presented at the ACEE Composite Structures Technology Conference, Seattle, WA, August 13-16, 1984.
78. Curry, James M.; Johnson, Eric R.; and Starnes, James H., Jr.: "Effect of Ply Drop-Offs on the Strength of Graphite-Epoxy Laminates." Report Number CCMS-86-07, VPI-E-86-27, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, December 1986.
79. Poe, C. C.: Simulated Impact Damage In A Thick Graphite/Epoxy Laminate Using Spherical Indenters. NASA TM-100539. January 1988.
80. O'Brien, T. Kevin: Towards A Damage Tolerance Philosophy for Composite Materials and Structures. NASA TM 100548. March 1988.
81. Nagendra, S.; Haftka, R. T.; Gurdal, Z.; and Stames, James H., Jr.: "Design of a Stiffened Composite Plate with a Hole." Report Number CCMS-89-17, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, August 1989.
82. Portanova, M. A. and Poe, Jr., C. C.: "Open Hole and Post-Impact Compression Fatigue of Stitched and Unstitched Carbon/Epoxy Composites." NASATM-10276. June 1990.
83. Starnes, James H., Jr.: "Effects of Low-Speed Impact Damage on Compression-Loaded Composite Structures." Invited lecture at the National Conference on the Use of Composite Materials in Load Bearing Marine Structures, National Research Council, Arlington, VA, September 25-26, 1990.
84. NASA Workshop On Impact Damage to Composites. Compiled by C. C. Poe, Jr. NASA Conference Publication 10075. July 1991.
85. Starnes, James H., Jr. and Shuart, Mark J.: "Behavior of Composite Structures Subjected to Compressive Loading." Presented at the AGARD 73rd Structures and Materials Panel Meeting Workshop on the Utilization of Advanced Composites in Military Aircraft, San Diego, CA, October 7-8, 1991.
86. Nagendra, S.; Haftka, R. T.; Gurdal, Z.; and Starnes, James H., Jr.: "Design of a Blade-Stiffened Composite Panel with a Hole." Composite Structures, Vol. 18, 1991, pp. 195-219.
87. Nagendra, S.; Gurdal, Z.; Haftka, R. T.; and Stames, J. H., Jr.: "Buckling and Failure Characteristics of Compression Loaded Stiffened Composite Panels with a Hole." Proceedings of the American Society for Composites Seventh Technical Conference, University Park, PA, October 13-15, 1992, pp. 650-661.
88. Ambur, Damodar R.; Starnes, James H., Jr.; and Prasad, Chunchu B.: Influence of Transverse Shear and Large Deformations Effects on the Low-Speed Impact Response on Graphite-Epoxy Plates. NASA TM-107753, April 1993.
89. Prasad, C. B.; Ambur, D. R.; and Stames, James H., Jr.: "Response of Laminated Composite Plates to Low-Speed Impact by Airgun-Propelled and Dropped-Weight Impactors." Presented at the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 34th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, La Jolla,CA, April 19-21, 1993. AIAA Paper No. 93-1402.
90. Ambur, Damodar R.; Stames, James H., Jr.; and Prasad, Chunchu B.: "Influence of Large Deformations and Transverse Shear Effects on the Low-Speed Impact Response on Graphite-Epoxy Plates." Presented at the Ninth International Conference on Composite Materials, Madrid, Spain, July 12-16, 1993.
91. Composites Properties and Applications, Vol. 5, July 1993, pp. 456-464.
92. Ambur, Damodar R.; Starnes, James H., Jr.; and Prasad, C. B.: "Low-Speed-Impact Damage-Initiation Studies for Selected Laminated Composite Plates." Presented at the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 35th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Hilton Head, SC, April 18-20, 1994. AIAA Paper No. 94-1402.
93. Prasad, Chunchu B.; Ambur, Damodar R.; and Starnes, James H., Jr.: "Response of Laminated Composite Plates to Low-Speed Impact by Different Impactors." AIAA Journal, Vol. 32, No, 6, June 1994, pp. 1270-1277.
94. Ambur, Damodar R.; Stames, James H., Jr.; Stourmbos, T.; and Kapania, Rakesh: "Effects of Large Deformations on the Impact Response of Flat and Curved Graphite-Epoxy Panels." Presented at the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 36th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, New Orleans, LA, April 10-13, 1995. AIAA Paper No. 95-1205.
95. Ambur, Damodar R.; Stames, James H., Jr.; and Prasad, C. B.: "Low-Speed-Impact Damage-Initiation Characteristics of Selected Laminated Composite Plates." AIAA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 10, October 1995, pp. 1919-1925.
96. Ambur, Damodar R.; Stames, James H., Jr.; and Prasad, Chunchu B.: "Influence of Impact Parameters on the Response of Laminated Composite Plates." Composite Materials: Fatigue and Fracture - Fifth Volume, ASTM STP 1230, R. H. Martin, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995, pp. 389-404.
97. Madenci, E.; Ileri, L.; and Starnes, J. H., Jr.: "Analysis of Pin-Loaded Holes in Composite Laminates Under Combined Bearing-Bypass and Shear Loading." International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 32, No. 14, 1995, pp. 2053-2062.
98. Hilburger, Mark W.; Starnes, James H., Jr.; and Waas, Anthony M.: "The Response of Cylindrical Shells with Rectangular Cutouts Subject to an Axial Compression Load." University of Michigan Department of Aerospace Engineering Solid Mechanics Report No. UMSM96-1, Ann Arbor, MI, February 16, 1996.
99. Hilburger, Mark W.; Starnes, James H., Jr.; and Waas, Anthony M.: "Numerical Study of the Response of Generally Orthotropic Cylindrical Shells with Rectangular Cutouts Under an Applied Axial Compression Load." University of Michigan Department of Aerospace Engineering Solid Mechanics Report No. UMSM96-2, Ann Arbor, MI, March 28, 1996.
100. Stoll, Frederick; Gurdal, Zafer; and Starnes, James. H., Jr.: "Improvements to a Method for the Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis of Compressively Loaded Stiffened Composite Panels." Report Number CCMS-96-04, VPI-E-96-03, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, May 1996.
101. Ambur, Damodar R.; and Starnes, James H., Jr.: "Nonlinear Response and Damage-Initiation Characteristics of Curved Composite Plates Subjected to Low-Speed Impact." Presented at the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 38th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Kissimmee, FL, April 7-11, 1997. AIAA Paper No. 97-1058.
102. Hilburger, M. W.; Waas, A.; and Starnes, J. H., Jr.: "The Response of Composite Cylindrical Shells with Rectangular Cutouts Under an Applied Axial Compression Load." Presented at the 1996 ASME Mechanics and Materials Conference, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, June 12-14, 1996.
103. Hilburger, M. W., Starnes, J. H., Jr., Waas, A. M.: 'The Response of Composite Cylindrical Shells with Rectangular Cutouts Subjected to an Applied Axial Compression Load." Presented at the XIX International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Conference, Kyoto, Japan, August 2 5-31, 1996.
104. Ambur, Damodar R.; Starnes, James H., Jr.; and Phillips, Eric A.: "Response of Composite Panels with Stiffness Gradients due to Stiffener Terminations and Cutouts." Presented at the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 38th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Kissimmee, FL, April 7-11, 1997. AIAA Paper No. 97-1386.
105. Ambur, Damodar R.; and Starnes, James H., Jr.: "Effect of Curvature on the Impact Damage Characteristics and Residual Strength of Composite Panels." Presented at the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 39th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Long Beach, CA, April 20-23, 1998. AIAA Paper No. 98-1881.
106. Hilburger, Mark W.; Starnes, James H., Jr.; and Waas, Anthony M.: "The Response of Composite Cylinders with Cutouts and Subjected to Internal Pressure and Axial Compression Loads," Presented at the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 39th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Long Beach, CA, April 20-23, 1998. AIAA Paper No. 98-1768.
107. Hilburger, Mark W.; Starnes, James H., Jr.; and Waas, Anthony M.: "A Numerical and Experimental Study of the Response of Selected Compression-Loaded Composite Shells with Cutouts." Presented at the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 39th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Long Beach, CA, April 20-23, 1998. AIAA Paper No. 98-1988.
108. Ambur, Damodar R.; and Starnes, James H., Jr.: "Influence of Target and Impactor on the Nonlinear Response and Residual Strength of Curved Thin Composite Plates." Presented at the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Atlanta, GA, April 3-6, 2000. AIAA-2000-1591, April 2000.
109. Hilburger, Mark. W; Nemeth, Michael P.; and Starnes, James H., Jr.: "Effective Width of Compression-Loaded Plates With a Cutout" NASA/TP-2000-210538, October 2000.
110. Starnes, James H., Jr.; Newman, James C., Jr.; Harris, Charles, E.; Piascik, Robert S.; Young, Richard D.; and Rose, Cheryl A.: "Advances in Structural Integrity Analysis Methods for Aging Metallic Airframe Structures with Local Damage." Proceedings of the NATO Research and Technology Organization Applied Vehicle Technology Panel Specialists' Meeting on Life Management techniques for Aging Air Vehicles, Manchester, UK, October 8-11, 2001.
111. Hilburger, Mark W.; and Starnes, James H., Jr.: "Buckling and Failure of Compression-Loaded Composite Cylindrical Shells with Reinforced Cutouts." Presented at the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 43rd Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Denver, CO, April 22-25, 2002. AIAA Paper No. 2002-1516, April 2002.
112. Starnes, James H., Jr.; and Hilburger, Mark W.: "Effects of Reinforced Cutouts on the Buckling of Composite Shells." Invited paper, Proceedings of the Fifth World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM5), July 6-12, 2002, Vienna, Austria, Eds. Mang, H. A., Rammersdorfer, F. G., and Eberhardstein, J., Publisher, Vienna University of Technology, Austria (ISBN 3-9501554-0-6).
113. Pontanova, M. A.; Poe, C. C., Jr., and Whitcomb, John D.: Open Hole and Post-Impact Compression Fatigue of Stitched and Unstitched Carbon/Epoxy Composites. NASA TM 102676. June 1990.
114. Dow, Marvin B.; and Smith, Donald L.: "Damage-Tolerant Composite Materials Produced by Stitching Carbon Fabrics". SAMPE Conference Series Vol. 21, September 1989, pp. 595-605.
115. Lubowinski, S. J.; and Poe, C. C. Jr.: "Fatigue Characterization of Stitched Graphite/Epoxy Composites". Fiber-Tex 1987 Conf. Proceedings, Nov. 3-6, 1987. Also NASA CP-3001, June 1988, pp. 253-271.
116. Pride, R.A.: Carbon Fiber Counting. NASA TM 80117. August 6, 2000.
117. Pride,R.A.: Large-Scale Carbon Fiber Tests. NASA TM 80218. August 12, 2001.
118. thNational SAMPE Technical Conference, Seattle, WA. October 7-9, 1980.
119. Vaughn. R L.: "Flight Service Evaluation of an Advanced Composite Empennage Component On Commercial Transport Aircraft" NASA Contractor Report 159286, April 15, 1976.
120. Dexter, Benson H.: Composite Components On Commercial Aircraft. NASA TM 80231. March 1980.
121. Davis, G. W.; and Sakata, I. F.: Design Considerations for Composite Fuselage Structure of Commercial Transport Aircraft. NASA Contractor Report 159296. March 1981.
122. Bohon, H. L.; Chapman, A. J., III; and Leybold, H. A.: Ground Test Experience With Large Composite Structures for Commercial Transports. NASA TM 84627. March 1983.
123. Griffin, C. F.: Fuel Containment and Damage Tolerance in Large Composite Primary Aircraft Structures. NASA CR-166083. March 1983.
124. Nelson, W. D.; Bunin, B. L.; and Hart-Smith, L. J.: Critical Joints in Large Composite Aircraft Structures. NASA CR-3710. August 1983.
125. ACEE Composite Structures Technology - Papers by Boeing Commercial Airplane Company. NASA Contractor Report 172358. August 1984.
126. McCarty, J. E.; and Roeseler, W. G.: Durability and Damage Tolerance of Large Composite Primary Aircraft Structure (LLCPAS). NASA CR-3767. January 1984.
127. ACEE Composite Structures Technology - Papers by Douglas Aircraft Company. NASA Contractor Report 172359. August 1984.
128. ACEE Composite Structures Technology - Papers by Lockheed-California Company. NASA Contractor Report 172360. August 1984.
129. Williams, Jerry G.: "Proposed Compression Loaded Composite Impact and Hole Test Methods." Presented at ACEE Workshop on Standardization of Test Methods for Damage Tolerance. Presented at ACEE Project review. Seattle, WA, December 1981.
130. Williams, Jerry G: "NASA Impact and Hole Compression Tests." Presented at ACEE sponsored Key Technology Mini-Workshop. Long Beach, CA; September 28, 1982.
131. Anon.: Standard Tests for Toughened Resin Composites. NASA RP 1092, May 1982. Revised July 1983.
132. Williams, Jerry G; O'Brien, Kevin T.; and Chapman, A. J., III: Damage Tolerance Test Results for Key Technology Program Tough Composite Specimens. ACEE Contractor Review. NASA-Langley. May 23, 1984.
133. Williams, Jerry G.; O'Brien, T. Kevin; and Chapman, A. J., III: "Comparison of Toughened Composite Laminates Using NASA Standard Damage Tolerance Tests." Proceedings of the ACEE Composite Structures Technology Conference, Seattle, WA, August 13-16, 1984, NASA CP 2321, pp. 51-73.
134. Anon.: NASA/Aircraft Industry Standard Specification for Graphite Fiber/Toughened Thermoset Resin Composite Material. Compiled by ACEE Composites Project Office. NASA Reference Publication 1142. 1985.
135. Adams, Donald F.: Open-Hole Compression Testing. High-Performance Composites. March 2005. pp. 12-13.
136. Post, Daniel; Czarnek, Robert; Joh, Duksung; and Wood, Judy: Deformation Measurements of Composite Multi-Span Beam Shear Specimens by Moiré Interferometry. NASA Contractor Report 3844. November 1984.
137. th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Orlando, FL, April 15-17, 1985.
138. Jegley, Dawn C.; and Williams, Jerry G.: Multispan-Beam Shear Test For Composite Laminates. NASA LAR-13605. 1987.
139. Jegley, Dawn C.; and Williams, Jerry G.: Studying Composite Laminates Using the Multi-Span-Beam Shear Test. NASA Technical Brief LAR 13065, April 1988, pp. 57-58.
140. Jegley, Dawn C.: Effect of Adhesive Interleaving and Discontinuous Plies on Failure of Composite Laminates Subjected to Normal Loads. NASA TM 101507, January 1989.
141. Jegley, Dawn C.: "A Study of Graphite-Epoxy Laminate Failures Due to High Transverse Shear Strains Using the MultiSpan-Beam Shear Test Procedure." Presented at the SEM 1989 Spring conference on Experimental Mechanics, Cambridge, MA, May 28-June 1, 1989.
142. Jegley, Dawn C.: Effect of Adhesive Interleaving and Discontinuous Plies On Failure of Composite Laminates Subject To Transverse Normal Loads. NASA TM 101507. January 1989.
143. rd Structures, Structural Dynamics and Material Conf., Atlanta, Georgia. 1981.
144. nd Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conf., Atlanta, Georgia. 1981.
145. Stroud, W. J. and Anderson, M. S.: "PASCO: Structural Panel Analysis and Sizing Code, Capability and Analytical Foundations:. NASA TM-80181, November 1981.
146. Anderson, M. S. and Stroud, W. J.: "PASCO: Structural Panel Analysis and Sizing Code, User's Manual". NASA TM-177985, 1985.
147. Deaton, Jerry W.: A Repair Technolgoy Program At NASA On Composite Materials. NASA TM 84505. August 1982.
148. Deaton, Jerry W.: "A Process For Repairing Graphite/Epoxy Structures". Presented at the 6th Conference on Fibrous
149. Salama, M. M.: "Lightweight Materials for Deepwater Offshore Structures," Proc. Of Offshore Technology Conference, OTC paper 5185. 1986.
150. Williams, Jerry G.: Oil Industry Experiences With Fiberglass Components. Offshore Technology Conference. Houston, TX. Paper 5380. April 27-30, 1987. pp. 211-220.
151. Williams, J.G.: Opportunities for Composites in the Offshore Oil Industry. National Conference on the Use of Composite Materials in Load-Bearing Marine Structures, Arlington, VA September 25-26, 1990;
152. Volume II: Conference Proceedings, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1991.
153. Cole, B.W.; Lo, K.L.; Williams, J.G.; and Wang, S.S.: White Paper Proposal for a Focus Program On Advanced Composites Offshore. Submitted to NIST
154. Williams, Jerry G.: Advanced Composites Technology Development For Ultra Deepwater Petroleum Production in the Twenty-First Century. White Paper Submitted to National Institute of Standards and Technology, Composites Engineering and Applications Center for Petroleum Exploration and Production. June 1, 1998.
155. Williams, J. G.: Oil Industry Experiences With Fiberglass Components. 19th Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, April 1987.
156. Williams, J. G.: Opportunities for Composites In The Offshore Oil Industry. National Conference on the Use of Composite Materials In Load-Bearing Marine Structures. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1991. pp. 41-65.
157. Williams, J. G.: Developments in Composite Structures for the Offshore Oil Industry. Offshore Technology Conference Paper 6579, Houston, TX. May 1991.
158. Dismukes, John P., and Luton, Michael J.: Polymer Composite Materials Performance Criteria for Offshore Petroleum Production: An Overview. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations. Proceedings of the First International Workshop. University of Houston. October 26-28, 1993. S. S. Wang and D. W. Fitting, Eds., NIST Special Publication 887. August 1995. pp. 149-160,
159. Salama, M.M., "Advanced Composites for the Offshore Industry: Applications and Challenges". Revue De L'Institut Français Du Pétrole, International Conference on Composite Materials in the Petroleum Industry, Ruell-Maimaison, November 3-4,1994. Vol. 50. No. 1, January/February 1995.
160. Croquette, J.: "Potential Applications of Composites Offshore", Revue De L'Institut Français Du Pétrole, International Conference on Composite Materials in the Petroleum Industry, Ruell-Maimaison, November 34, 1994. Vol. 50. No. 1, January/February 1995.
161. Robertson, Gordon G.: Composite Materials for Offshore Operations, Industry Perspective. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations. Proceedings of the First International Workshop. University of Houston. October 26-28, 1993. S. S. Wang and D. W. Fitting, Eds., NIST Special Publication 887. August 1995. pp. 83-90.
162. Cole, B. W.; Lo, K. H.; Williams, J. G.; and Wang, S. S.: Advanced Composites Offshore: Current Status and a Proposed Research and Development Program. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations. Proceedings of the First International Workshop. University of Houston. October 26-28, 1993. S. S. Wang and D. W. Fitting, Eds., NIST Special Publication 887. August 1995. pp. 7-17.
163. Williams, Jerry G.: "Petroleum Industry Applications of Composites in E&P Operations". Composite Materials for Offshore Operations. Proceedings of the First International Workshop. University of Houston. October 26-28, 1993. S. S. Wang and D.W. Fitting, Eds., NIST Special Publication 887. August 1995. pp. 77-90.
164. Cole, B. W.: "Petroleum E&P Industry Perspective on the Use of Composites in Offshore Operations". Composite Materials for Offshore Operations: Composite Materials for Offshore Operations. Proceedings of the First International Workshop. University of Houston. October 26-28, 1993. S. S. Wang and D. W. Fitting, Eds., NIST Special Publication 887. August 1995. pp. 71-76.
165. Salama, Mamdouh M.: Advanced Composites fof the Offshore Industry: Applications and Challenges. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations: Composite Materials for Offshore Operations. Proceedings of the First International Workshop. University of Houston. October 26-28, 1993. S. S. Wang and D. W. Fitting, Eds., NIST Special Publication 887. August 1995. pp. 269-288.
166. Barnes, Frazer J.: "Composite Materials in the UK Offshore Oil & Gas Industry", SAMPE Journal, Vol. 32, No. 2, March/April, 1996.
167. Medlicott, P.A.C.: "Using Composite Materials to Minimize Weight and Maintenance and Maximize Safety". Offshore Platforms. 1996.
168. Salama, Mamdouh M.: Some Challenges and Innovations for Deepwater Developments. Offshore Technology Conference Paper 8455. May 1997.
169. F. Botros, J. G. Williams, and E. Coyle: "Applications of Composite Materials In Deep Water Offshore Platforms". Offshore Technology Conference Paper 8500, Houston, Texas, May 1997.
170. Fisher, F.J. and Salama, M.M.: "Emerging and Potential Composite Applications for Deep Water Offshore Operations". Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 33-49.
171. Williams, J. G.: "Advanced Composites Technology Development For Ultra Deepwater Petroleum Production In The Twenty-First Century". CEAC-TR-98-0106, CEAC, University of Houston, 1998.
172. Vennett, R. M.; Williams, J. G.; Lo, K. H.; and Ganguly, P.: "Economic Benefits of Using Composites For Offshore Development And Operations". Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 3-16.
173. Karayaka, Metin: Integration of Advanced Material Components to Deepwater Platforms. Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, May 1-4, 2000.
174. Lo, K. H.; Williams, J. G.; Karayaka, M.; and Salama, M. M.: "Progress, Challenges and Opportunities in the Application of Composite Offshore". Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 3. Proceeding Third International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. October 31 -November 2, 2000. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds. University of Houston. 2001. pp. 3-17.
175. Hsu, T. M.; Skogsberg, Jim; and Karayaka, Metin: Composites Utilization On a SPAR Platform-Potential Economic Impact and Technical Gaps. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 3. Proceeding Third International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. October 31 -November 2, 2000. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds. University of Houston. 2001. pp. 19-43.
176. Peterson, Robert H.: Development Opportunities in the Deepwater Gulf. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations 3. Proceeding Third International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. October 31 -November 2, 2000. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds. University of Houston. 2001. pp. 45-58.
177. Dodds, N.: Speake, S. D.; and Gibson, A. G.: Highlights and Advances in the ARP Composites Offshore Programme. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 3. Proceeding Third International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. October 31 -November 2, 2000. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds. University of Houston. 2001. pp. 59-73.
178. Oditt, Lietenant Kevin L.: The U.S. Coast Guard's Perspective on the Use of Composite Materials Within the Marine and Offshore Oil & Gas Industry. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 3. Proceeding Third International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. October 31 -November 2, 2000. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds. University of Houston. 2001. pp. 85-89.
179. Gulf of Mexico Oil and Gas Production Forecast 2004-2013. Minerals Management Service Publication MMS 2004-065. October 2004.
180. Deepwater Gulf of Mexico 2004: America's Expanding Frontier. Minerals Management Service Publication MMS 2004-021. May 2004.
181. Williams, Jerry G.: Oil Industry Experiences With Fiberglass Components. NACE 1987 South Central Region Meeting. Lafayette, Louisiana. November 17, 1987.
182. Oney, Charles L.: Special Considerations Needed For Fiberglass Tubing. Petroleum Engineer International, December 1987.
183. Oswald, Kenneth J.: The Effect Of 25 Years Of Oil Field Flow Line Service On Epoxy Fiberglass Pipe. Edited Version of Paper No. 167, CORROSION/88 St. Louis, MO. 1988.
184. Oswald, Kenneth J.: Carbon Dioxide Resistance Of Fiberglass Oil Field Pipe Made From Aromatice Amine Cured Epoxy, Vinyl Ester And Isophthalic Polyester Resins. Paper No. 171, CORROSION/88, St. Louis, MO, March 1988.
185. Huntoon, G. G. and Alkire, J. D.: Design And Performance Properties Of Oilfield Fiberglass Tubulars. 64th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, San Antonio, TX, October 1989.
186. Robbe, C.: A New Look at the Use of Glass-Fiber Reinforced Piping. Materials Performance, June 1990.
187. Aubert, C.F.P., "The Use of GRP Materials in Piping Systems: The Experience of Total", OMAE Conference, Vol. III-A, Materials Engineering, ASME, 1993.
188. Winkel, John, "Economic Performance of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GRP) Piping at Ekofisk", Engineering Solutions to Industrial Problems, NACE International, June 7-9, Sandefjord, Norway, Paper No. 43. 1993.
189. Uralil, Francis S.: Impact Damage Tolerance of FRP Composites in Offshore Applications. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations. Proceedings of the First International Workshop. University of Houston. October 26-28, 1993. S. S. Wang and D.W. Fitting, Eds., NIST Special Publication 887. August 1995. pp. 185-191.
190. Zelic, M.: Application Of Fiberglass Pipes In Oil And Gas Gathering Technology. NAFTA 46 (9), pp. 379-385, 1995.
191. Lea, R.H. et al.: Sea Water Corrosion Resistance of Composite Pipe Systems in the Marine Industry. Presented at 51st Annual Conference SPI, Cincinnati, OH, February, 1996.
192. Wang, S. S.; and Lu, X.: Leakage Failure of Threaded Fiber-Composite Joints Under Combined Internal Pressure, Axial and Makeup Loading: Experiments and Analyses. CEAC-TR-96-0102. December, 1996.
193. Wang, S. S.; and Srinivasan, S.: Long-Term Leakage Failure of Filament-Wound Fiberglass Composite Laminate Tubing Under Combined Internal Pressure and Axial Loading CEAC-TR-96-0101. December, 1996.
194. Turnipseed, Stephen P.; Koster, Michael D.; and Aghar, Hani Y.: Use Of Large Diameter Fiberglass Lined Tubing In Highly Deviated Offshore Water Injection Wells. Paper No. 78, NACE, Corrosion/97, 1997.
195. Folkers, J.; Friedrich, R.; and Fortune, M.: High Performance Phenolic Piping for Oilfield Applications. Corrosion/97 Paper No. 83. New Orleans, LA, March 1997.
196. Drake, Steve and Cagle, Larry: General Utility Pipe for Offshore Applications. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 179-182.
197. Frost, Simon R.: The Development of Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes for Use in the Oil Industry. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp, 341-360.
198. Soden, Peter D.; Reid, Steve R.; Ashton, J. N.; Peng, C.; Heaton, M.; Li, S.; and Hinton, M. J.: Strength and Long-Term Behavior of Impact-Damaged GRE Pipes. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 463-484.
199. Godfrey, P. R.; and Davis, A. G.: The use of GRP Materials In Platform Topsides Construction and the Regulatory Implications. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference On Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. Houston, TX. Volume III - Part A. Feb. 18-23, 1990. pp. 15-20.
200. Miravete, A.: "A Preliminary Design Study of Composite Flare Boom". CEAC-TR-98-0105, University of Houston, 1998.
201. Houghton, C. J.: Composites Use on Platform Topsides: A recent Case History and Future Prospects. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 17-32.
202. Oney, C.: Water Storage Tanks Rank High in Fiberglass Tank Use. Pet. Engr. Int., p. 61, March 1988.
203. Anisdahl, Lars; Wang, Dag T.; and Stokke, Reidar: Study of the Design & Use of GRP Tanks and Vessels Offshore. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp, 261-274.
204. th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol. III, Part A, Materials Engineering. June 1992. pp. 199-207.
205. th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Houston, TX, October 1993.
206. Moe, T. W.; and Williams J. G.: Spoolable Composite Pipes. NACE Paper No. 45, Engineering Solutions to Industrial Corrosion Problems. Sandefjord Norway. 1993.
207. Sas-Jaworsky, Alexander, and Williams, Jerry G.: Enabling Capabilities and Potential Applications Of Composite Tubing. World Oil Coiled Tubing Exhibition, Amsterdam 2nd International Conference and Exhibition on Coiled Tubing. Amsterdam. The Netherlands. June 28-30, 1994.
208. Sas-Jaworsky, A. and Williams, J. G.: Advanced Composites Enhance Coiled Tubing Capabilities. World Oil Magazine, Vol. 214, No. 4, April 1994. pp. 57-69.
209. Austigard, E.; and Tomter, R.: Composites Subsea: Cost Effective Products - An Industry Challenge. Subsea 94 International Conference. 1994.
210. Sas-Jaworsky, A.; and Teel, M. E.: Coiled Tubing 1995 Update: Production Applications. World Oil, June 1995, pp. 97-105.
211. Sas-Jaworsky II, Alex: Developments Position CT For Future Prominence. The American Oil & Gas Reporter. March 1996. pp. 87-92.
212. Sas-Jaworsky II, Alex: Innovative Applications Stimulate Coiled Tubing Development. World Oil. June 1996. pp. 61-69.
213. Hansen, Allan Boye; Williams, J. G.; and Asdal, Bent: Spoolable Composite Service and Injection Lines for Oilfield Installations. International Conference on Oilfield Engineering With Polymers - Cost Effective Technology. Westminster, London, UK. October 28-29, 1996.
214. Lundberg, C. A.; Walsh, T. J.; Peterman C. P.; and Reynolds, H. A.: Advances in Manufacturing Technology for Spoolable Composite Tubing. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp, 289-302.
215. Silverman, Seth A.: Spoolable Composite Pipe for Offshore Applications. MP, January 1997, pp. 48-50.
216. Fowler, H.: Update On Advanced Composite Spoolable Pipe Developments. SPE paper 38414 presented at the 2nd North American Coiled Tubing Roundtable, Montgomery, TX. April 1997.
217. Hansen, A. Boye; and Asdal, B.: Qualification and Verification of Spoolable High Pressure Composite Service Lines for the Asgard Field Development Project. OTC paper 8436, Presented at the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX, May 1997.
218. Quigley, P. A.; Nolet, S. C.; Williams J. G.; and Sas-Jaworsky, A.: Development And Application Of A Novel Coiled Tubing String For Concentric Workover Services. Offshore Technology Conference Paper 8456, Houston, TX, May 1997.
219. Quigley, Peter, Fowler, Hampton; Nolet, Stephen; and Berning, Scott: Update on Composite Coiled Tubing Developments and Horizontal Well Applications. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 303-318.
220. th International Conference on Coiled Tubing Technologies. Houston, TX. October 1997.
221. Frost, Simon R.: The Development of Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes for Use in the Oil Industry. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 341-360.
222. Lundberg, Chris A.; Walsh, Thomas J.; Reynolds, Harris A.; and Peterman, Charles P.: Spin-off Technologies from Development of Continuous Composite Tubing Manufacturing Process. Offshore Technology Conference Paper 8620. Houston, TX. May 1998.
223. Fowler, Hampton; Feechan, Michael; and Berning, Scott: Development Update and Applications of an Advanced Composite Spoolable Tubing. Offshore Technology Conference Paper 8621, Houston, Texas. May 1998.
224. Haug, P. A. and Ekeberg, K. I.: Dynamic Umbilical With Composite Tube (DUCT). Offshore Technology Conference Paper 8887, 1998.
225. Lundberg, C. A.; Walsh, T. J.; Peterman C. P.; and Reynolds, H. A.: Advances in Manufacturing Technology for Spoolable Composite Tubing. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 289-302.
226. Quigley, Peter, Fowler, Hampton; Nolet, Stephen; and Berning, Scott: Update on Composite Coiled Tubing Developments and Horizontal Well Applications. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 303-318.
227. Wolfe, Donald and Baron, John: Unbonded, Multiple-Layer, Flexible Composite Pipe. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 319-328.
228. Wolfe, Donald and Baron, John: Unbonded, Multiple-Layer, Flexible Composite Pressure Pipe. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 329-340.
229. Wang, S. S.; Yui, T. P.; and Lo, K. H.: Coupled Geometric and Material Nonlinear Analysis and Failure Prediction of Thick-Wall Spoolable Composite Laminate Tubing. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J.G.Williams and K.H.Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp.413-430.
230. Koshak, W. E.; Feechan, Michael; Berning, Scott; Headrick, Dick; and Fowler, Hampton: A Summary of Recent Successes and Challenges in the Development of Spoolable Composite Tubulars. Paper 54506 presented at 1999 SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing Roundtable held in Houston, Texas. May 1999.
231. McClatchie, D. M.; Reynolds, H. A.; Walsh, T. J. and Lundberg, C.: Applications Engineering For Composite Coiled Tubing. Offshore Technology Conference Paper 54507. Houston, Texas. May 1999.
232. Haug, Per Arne; and Asdal, Bent: High-Pressure Spoolable Composite Pipe. OMAE Conference. St. Johns, New Foundland, Canada. July 1999.
233. Haug, Per Arne; and Andersen, Stig: The Åsgard Spoolable Composite Lines - The World's First Spoolable Composite Lines Used for Subsea Methanol Injection. Deep Offshore Technology. October 1999.
234. McClatchie, D. W. Reynolds, H. A. Walsh, T. L. Lundberg, C.: Applications Engineering For Composite Coiled Tubing. SPE 54507. 1999.
235. Melve, Bjøm; Meland, Thor, Bergh, Paal Angell; and Kløfjell, Karl: Continuous Composite Lines For Methanol Injection On The Asgard Field - Experiences from Production and Installation. ETCT/OMAE 2000 Joint Conference Energy for the New Millennium. New Orleans, Louisiana. February 2000.
236. Williams, J. G. and Sas-Jaworsky II, Alex: Composite Spoolable Pipe Development, Advancements, and Limitations. Offshore Technology Conference Paper 12029, Houston, Texas. May 2000.
237. Ordu, P. and Guichard : "Design and Tests of High Performance Composite Tubes for Use in Deepwater Drilling and Production Systems". Proc. of OMAE Specialty Symposium on Offshore and Arctic Frontiers. M. M. Salama, ed., ASME, pp. 353-359. 1986.
238. th Annual OTC Conference Paper OTC 5797. 1988.
239. Sparks, C. P. and Schmitt, J.: "Optimized Composite Tubes for Riser Application". Proceeding of the Ninth International Conference On Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. Houston, TX. Vol. III. -Part A. Feb 18-23, 1990. pp. 1-8.
240. th Annual OTC Conference. Paper OTC 6894. 1992.
241. Fischer, F. J.: "Composite Production Risers for Deepwater Offshore Structures", Revue de L Institut Francais du Petrole, Vol. 50, No. 1. 1995. pp.35-43.
242. Anderson, W. F.; Andersen J. J.; Mickelson, C. C.; and Sweeney, T. F.: "The Application of Advanced Composite Technology To Marine Drilling Riser Systems: Design, Manufacturing and Test". Prof, of Offshore Technology Conference, Paper 8433, SPE. 1997.
243. Baldwin, D.D., Newhouse, N.L., Lo, K.H., and Burden, R.C.: "Composite Production Riser Design". Offshore Technology Conference, OTC 8431, 1997.
244. Burgdorf, O., Andersen W.: "Comparative Analysis of 12,500 ft Water Depth Steel and Advanced Composite Drilling Risers". Offshore Technology Conference. 1998.
245. Karayaka, M.; Wu, S.; Wang, S. S.; Lu, X.; and Ganguly, P.: "Composite Production Riser Dynamics and Its Effects on Tensioners, Stress Joints, and Size of Deep Water Tension Leg Platforms". Offshore Technology Conference, OTC 8666. 1998.
246. Hill, R.T.; Hatton, S.; and Karayaka, M.: "Deepwater Riser Technology: Current Status and Developments". Deepwater '98, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1998.
247. Salama, M. M.; Johnson, D. B.; and Long, R.: "Composite Production Riser - Testing and Qualification," SPE Journal of Production & Facilities, Society of Petroleum Engineers, August Issue. 1998. pp. 170-177.
248. Baldwin, D.; Newhouse, N.; and Lo, K. H.: Composite Production Riser Development. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 115-128.
249. Salama, M.M.; Murali, J.; Baldwin, D.D.; Jahnsen, O.; Johnson, D.B., Meland, T.: "Design Consideration for Composite Drilling Riser". OTC 10565, Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference. 1999.
250. Salama, M. M.; Echtermeyer, A.; and Lindefjeld, O.: "Composite Risers for Deepwater Applications, Proc. of Deep Offshore Technology Int. Conf. And Exhibition. Vol.2, Paper 25-3, Oct. 19-21, Stavanger Norway. 1999.
251. Johnson, D.B.; Baldwin, D.D.; Long, J.R.: "Mechanical Performance of Composite Production Risers". OTC10568, Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference. 1999.
252. Murali, J.; Salama, M. M.; Jahnsen O.; and Meland, T.: Composite Drilling Riser - Qualification Testing and Field Demonstration. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 129-149.
253. Furlow, William: "Three-Phase Roll Out for Composite Riser," Offshore Magazine, Vol. 60, No. 4. April 2000.
254. Johnson, D.; Baldwin, D.; and Slaughter, L.: "Composite Choke and Kill Line Development and Test Results". Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 3. Proceeding Third International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. October 31 -November 2, 2000. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds. University of Houston. 2001. pp. 125-141.
255. Hanna, S. Y.; Salama, M. M.; and Hannus, H.: "New Tendon and Riser Technologies Improve TLP Competitiveness in Ultra-Deep Water". Proc. of Offshore Technology Conference, Paper 12963, SPE. 2001.
256. Salama, M. M.; Martinussen E.; Spencer, B.; Hanna, S.; Hsu, T. M.; Stjern, G.; Franco, E.; Storhaug, T.; and Echtermeyer. A.: " Composite Risers Are Ready for Field Applications - Status of Technology, Field Demonstration and Life Cycle Economics. "Proc. of 13th Annual Deep Offshore Technology Conference (DOT 2001), October 17-19,2001, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2001.
257. Salama, M. M.; Stjem, G.; Storhaug, T.; Spencer, B.; and Echtermeyer, A.: "The First Offshore Field Installation for a Composite Riser Joint". Prof, of Offshore Technology Conference, SPE Paper 14018. May 6-9, 2002.
258. Salama, Mamdouh M.; Echtermeyer, Andreas T.; Tore, Odd; Storhaug, Turid; Spencer, Brian; and Stjem, Gisle: In-Service Integrity Monitoring of Deepwater Composite Riser. 14th International Deep Offshore Technology Conference (DOT 2002), New Orleans, Louisiana. November 13-15, 2002.
259. Salama, M. M.: "Lightweight Materials for Mooring Lines of Deepwater Tension Leg Platform ". Marine Technology. Vol. 21, No. 3. 1984. pp. 234-241.
260. th Int. Conference on Composite Materials. Paisley. 1987. pp. 1.309-1.320.
261. th Int. OMAE Symposium. (M. M Salama, et. al, eds.) ASME, V. 3. 1987. pp.7-14.
262. th International Conference on Composite Structures Paisley. 1987. pp. 1.309-1.320.
263. Hanna, S. Y.; Thomason, W. H.; and Williams, J. G.: Influence of Tension, Weight, and Hydrostatic Pressure On Deepwater TLP Tendons. 19th Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas. OTC Paper 5610, April 27-30, 1987.
264. Kim, K. S.; Hahn, H. T.; and Williams Jerry G.: Application of Composites in TLP Tethers. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. Volume III, pp. 1-7. February 8-11, 1988.
265. Williams, Jerry G.; and Salama, Mamdouh: Effects of Environmental Factors on the Strength of Composite Materials for TLP Tendons. Presentation OMAE Conference, The Hague, The Netherlands. March 1989.
266. Kim, K.S.; Hahn, H. T.; and Williams, Jerry G.: Design of a Mechanical Joint for Pultruded Composite Rods. Proceedings of ICCM/7 International Conference on Composite Materials. Fall 1989.
267. Chisholm, J. M.; Hahn, H. T.; and Williams, Jerry G.: Diametrical Compression of Pultruded Composite Rods As A Quality Control Test. Composites. Volume 20. Number 6. November 1989.
268. Chisholm,J. M.; Kallas, M. N.; Hahn, H. T.; and Williams, J. G.: The Effect of Seawater Absorption In Pultruded Composite Rods. 8th International Conference On Composite Materials. (ICCM/VIII) Sheraton Waikiki Hotel, Honolulu, HI, July 15-19, 1991.
269. Hanna, S. Y.; Salama, M. M.; and Hannus, H.: "New Tendon and Riser Technologies Improve TLP Competitiveness in Ultra-Deep Water". Proc. of Offshore Technology Conference, Paper 12963. SPE. 2001.
270. Botker, S.; Salama, M. M.; and Storhaug T.: Composite Tethers and Risers in Deepwater Field Development: Step Change Technology," Proc. of Offshore Technology Conference, Paper 13183, SPE. 2001.
271. Salama, M. M.: "Material for Mooring systems". Materials for Marine and Structures. Treatise of Materials Science and Technology. Academic Press, Vol. 28. 1988. p. 411.
272. Lo, K.H. and Su, H.: Polyester Rope Mooring Design Considerations. Textile Research Institute, Proceedings International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, June 1999.
273. Del Vecchio, C. and Meniconi, L. C.: Deep Water Mooring Systems Using Fiber Ropes. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 231-249.
274. Del Vecchio, C.; Costa, L.; Souse C.; and Meniconi, L. C.: Petrobras Experiences With Deep Water Polyester Moorings. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 3. Proceeding Third International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. October 31 -November 2, 2000. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds. University of Houston. 2001. pp. 495-502.
275. Anon.: API RP 2SM: "Recommended Practice for Design, Manufacture, Installation, and Maintenance of Synthetic Fiber Ropes for Offshore Moorings", First Edition, American Petroleum Institute, March 2001.
276. Shu, Hongbo; Loeb, David; and Bergeron, Billy: Polyester Rope Mooring Field Trial in 6200 ft. Water Depth. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 3. Proceeding Third International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. October 31 -November 2, 2000. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds. University of Houston. 2001. pp. 529-539.
277. Williams, Jerry G.; Miyase, Akira; Donghui; Li; and Wang S. S.: Small-Scale Testing of Damaged Synthetic Fiber Mooring Ropes. Offshore Technology Conference Paper 14308. May 6-9, 2002.
278. Smith, D. Barton and Williams, Jerry G.: Direct Measurement of Large Strains in Synthetic Fiber Mooring Ropes Using Polymeric Optical Fibers. Offshore Technology Conference, paper 14242. May 6-9, 2002.
279. Smith, D. Barton and Williams, Jerry G.: Monitoring Axial Strain In Synthetic Fiber Mooring Ropes Using Polymeric Optical Fibers. Paper No. OMAE2003-37402, Proceedings of 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Cancun, Mexico. June 8-13, 2003.
280. Williams, J. G.: Composite Material Offshore Corrosion Solutions. International Workshop on Corrosion Control of Marine Structures and Pipelines. Galveston, TX, February 1999.
281. Thon, Harald; and Stokke, Reidar Performance of GRP Pipes in Fire Situations. Senter for Industriforskning Report 85-02-021. Oslo, Norway. January 1, 1987.
282. Hunter, J. The advantages of Glass Reinforced Phenolics In Demanding Construction Applications. 3rd International Conference Polymers In Offshore Engineering. June 1988. pp. 25/1-25/15.
283. Thon, Harald; Haanes, Havard; and Stokke, Reidar: Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GRP) Pipes In The Fire Water System Offshore. Senter for Industriforskning Report No. 890210-3. October 1991.
284. Anon,: Specifications and Recommended Practice For The Use of GRP Piping Offshore. Part 1 - Philosophy and Scope. UKOOA. March 1994.
285. Sorathia, U.: Flammability and Fire Safety of Composite Materials. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations. Proceedings of the First International Workshop. University of Houston. October 26-28, 1993. S. S. Wang and D. W. Fitting, Eds., NIST Special Publication 887. August 1995. pp. 309-317.
286. Folkers, Joie: Fire Testing and Performance of Fiber Glass Pipe. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S.S. Wang, J.G.Williams and K.H-Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 169-177.
287. Anon.: Policy File Memorandum On The Fire Performance Requirements For Plastic Pipe Per IMO Resolution A.753(18). PSM 1-98, The United States Coast Guard, 1998.
288. Anon.: Policy File Memorandum On The Use Of Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Gratings And Cable Trays. PSM 2-98, The United States Coast Guard, 1998.
289. Carlson, T.; Lo, K. H.; and Myskowski, C. S.: Fire Performance And Regulatory Approval Of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Grating. Composites in Fire Conference, University of New Castle, 1999.
290. Ciaraldi, Stephen W.: Safety Philosophy for the Use of Composite Materials Offshore. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations. Proceeding of the First International Workshop. NIST SP 887. pp. 319-325.
291. Read, David T.; Kriz, Ronald D.; and Williams, Jerry G.: Multimode Optical Fibers as Damage Sensors in Composite Rods. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference On Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. Vol. III - Part A. Feb. 1990. pp. 41-47.
292. Measures, R. M.; LeBlanc, M.; Liu, K.; Ferguson, S; Valis, T.; Hogg, D.; Turner, R.; and McEwen, K.: Fiber Optic Sensors for Smart Structures. Optics and Lasers In Engineering 16, 1992. pp. 127-152.
293. Parnas. Richard; Dunkers, J. P.; and Neff, Raymond A.: Optical Fiber Sensors for Composites. Composite Materials for Offshore Operations - 2. Proceeding Second International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. University of Houston. October 28-30, 1997. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds., American Bureau of Shipping, 1999. pp. 655-663.
294. Patel, Rayman: HSE Perspective On Composites Utilization Offshore. Proceeding Third International Conference On Composite Materials For Offshore Operations. October 31 -November 2,2000. S. S. Wang, J. G. Williams and K. H. Lo, Eds. University of Houston, pp. 77-84.
295. Peterson, James P.: Structural Efficiency of Aluminum Multiweb Beams and Z-Stiffened Panels Reinforced With Filamentary Boron-Epoxy Composite. NASA TN D-5856. 1970.
296. Suarez, J. A.; Whiteside, J. B.; and Hadcock, R. N.: The Influence of Local Failure Modes on the Compressive Strength of Boron/Epoxy Composites. Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Second Conference), ASTM STP 497, American Society for Testing and Materials. 1972. pp. 237-256.
297. Roy, Paul A.; McElman, John A.; and Henshaw, Jim: Development of Lightweight Aluminum Compression Panels Reinforced by Boron-Epoxy Infiltrated Extrusions. NASA CR-2145. January 1973.
298. Williams, Jerry G.; and Agarwal, Banarsi L.: Load Introduction Techniques for Boron Infiltrated Aluminum Panels. 2nd Air Force Conference On Fibrous Composites In Flight Vehicle Design, Dayton, Ohio. May 1974.
299. Tynan, Charles I.; Williams, Jerry G.; and Osborne, R. S.: Expandable Structures Technology for Manned Space Applications. AIAA Paper 71-399. 1971.
300. Williams, Jerry G.: Mechanical Properties and Abrasion Resistance of Polyester Cord. NASA TM X-72806. January 1966.
301. Mandell, J. F.: Modeling of Marine Rope Fatigue Behavior. Textile Research Institute. June 1987. pp. 318-329.
302. Stames, James H., Jr.: The Effects of a Circular Hole on the Buckling of Cylindrical Shells. Ph.D. Dissertation, California Institute of Technology, May 1970.