Footprint characteristics of scalar concentration in the convective boundary layer

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 821-830

  Guo, Xiaofeng ^a   Cai, Xuhui ^a  

^a PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Backward Lagrangian stochastic (LS) dispersion model; Convective boundary layer (CBL); Footprint; Large eddy simulation (LES); Scalar concentration

Indexed keywords

EID: 28844479769     PISSN: 02561530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/bf02918682     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Cai Xuhui, and Chen Jiayi, 1995: A large-eddy simulation model for convective boundary layer. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 19, 415-421. (in Chinese)
2. Cai Xuhui, and Chen Jiayi, 2000: Large-eddy simulations of heat budget and advection effects in heterogeneous convective boundary layers. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 95-102. (in Chinese)
3. Cai Xuhui, Xie Feiqin, and Chen Jiayi, 2002: Large-eddy simulation for unstable surface layers. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinenis, 38, 698-704. (in Chinese)
4. Deardorff, J. W., 1970: Convective velocity and temperature scales for the unstable planetary boundary layer and for Rayleigh convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 1211-1213.
5. 0) across different kinds of turbulence. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 83, 207-219.
6. Finn, D., B. Lamb, M. Y. Leclerc, and T. W. Horst, 1996: Experimental evaluation of analytical and Lagrangian surface-layer flux footprint models. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 80, 283-308.
7. Flesch, T. K., 1996: The footprint for flux measurements, from backward Lagrangian stochastic models. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 78, 399-404.
8. Flesch, T. K., J. D. Wilson, and E. Yee, 1995: Backwardtime Lagrangian stochastic dispersion models and their application to estimate gaseous emissions. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 1320-1332.
9. Foken, T., and M. Y. Leclerc, 2004: Methods and limitations in validation of footprint models. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 127, 223-234.
10. Gryning, S. E., A. A. M. Holtslag, J. S. Irwin, and B. Sivertsen, 1987: Applied dispersion modelling based on meteorological scaling parameters. Atmos. Environ., 21, 79-89.
11. Haenel, H. D., and L. Grünhage, 1999: Footprint analysis: A closed analytical solution based on height-dependent profiles of wind speed and eddy viscosity. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 93, 395-409.
12. Kljun, N., R. Kormann, M. W. Rotach, and F. X. Meixner, 2003: Comparison of the Lagragian footprint model LPDM-B with an analytical footprint model. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 106, 349-355.
13. Kljun, N., M. W. Rotach, and H. P. Schmid, 2002: A three-dimensional backward Lagrangian footprint model for a wide range of boundary-layer stratifications. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 103, 205-226.
14. Kormann, R., and F. X. Meixner, 2001: An analytical footprint model for non-neutral stratification. Bound.- Layer Meteor., 99, 207-224.
15. Lamb, R. G., 1982: Diffusion in the convective boundary-layer. Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modeling, F. T. M. Nieustad tand van H. Dop, Eds., Dortrecht: Reidel Publishing Company, The Netherlands, 159-229.
16. Leclerc, M. Y., S. Shen, and B. Lamb, 1997: Observations and large eddy simulation modeling of footprints in the lower convective boundary layer. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9323-9334.
17. Leclerc, M. Y., A. Karipot, T. Prabha, G. Allwine, B. Lamb, and H. L. Gholz, 2003: Impact of non-local advection on flux footprints over a tall forest canopy: A tracer flux experiment. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 115, 19-30.
18. Mason, D. J., 1989: Large eddy simulation of the convective atmospheric boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1492-1516.
19. Moeng, C. H., 1984: A large eddy simulation model for the study of planetary boundary layer turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2052-2062.
20. Nieuwstadt, F. T. M., P. J. Mason, C. H. Moeng, and U. Schumann, 1993: Large-eddy simulation of the convective boundary layer: A comparison of four computer codes. 8th International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows, Springer-Verlag, New York, 343-367.
21. Pasquill, F., and F. B. Smith, 1983: Atmospheric Diffusion. 3rd ed., Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester, West Sussex, England, 438pp.
22. Rannik, U., M. Aubinet, O. Kurbanmuradov, K. K. Sabelfeld, T. Markkanen, and T. Vesala, 2000: Footprint analysis for measurement over a heterogeneous forest. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 97, 137-166.
23. Rannik, U., T. Markkanen, J. Raittila, P. Hari, and T. Vesala, 2003: Turbulence statistics inside an over forest: Influence on footprint prediction. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 109, 163-189.
24. Sawford, B. L., 1993: Recent developments in the Lagrangian stochastic theory of turbulent dispersion. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 62, 197-215.
25. Sawford, B. L., and F. M. Guest, 1991: Lagrangian statistical simulation of the turbulent motion of heavy particles. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 54, 147-166.
26. Schmid, H. P., 1994: Source areas for scalars and scalar fluxes. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 67, 293-318.
27. Schmid, H. P., 1997: Experimental design for flux measurements: Matching scales of observations and fluxes. Agric. For. Meteor., 87, 179-200.
28. Schmid, H. P., 2002: Footprint modeling for vegetation atmosphere exchange studies: a review and perpective. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 113, 159-183.
29. Schmidt, H., and U. Schuman, 1989: Coherent structure of the convective boundary layer derived from large-eddy simulations. J. Fluid Mech., 200, 511-562.
30. Schmid, H. P., and T. R. Oke, 1990: A model to estimate the source area contributing to turbulent exchange in the surface layer over patchy terrain. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 16, 965-988.
31. Schmid, H. P., and C. R. Lloyd, 1999: Spatial representativeness and the location bias of flux footprints over heterogeneous areas. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 93, 195-209.
32. Schuepp, P. H., M. Y. Leclerc, J. I. Macpherson, and R. L. Desjardins, 1990: Footprint prediction of scalar fluxes from analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 50, 355-373.
33. Shen, S., and M. Y. Leclerc, 1995: How large must surface inhomogeneities be before they influence the convective boundary layer structure? A case study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1209-1228.
34. Song, J., and M. L. Wesely, 2003: On comparison of modeled surface flux variations to aircraft observations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 117, 159-171.
35. Stohl, A., and P. Seibert, 2002: User Guide of the FLEXPART Particle Dispersion Model (Version 5.0). [Available from web site http:// www.fw.tum.de/EXT/LST/ METEO/stohl/].
36. Su, H. B., and M. Y. Leclerc, 1998: Large-eddy simulation of trace gas footprints from infinite crosswind line sources inside a forest canopy. Preprints, Proc. 23rd Conf on Agriculture and Forest Meteorology. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 388-391.
37. Su, H. B., R. H. Shaw, K. T. Paw U, C. H. Moeng, and P. P. Sullivan, 1998: Turbulent statistics of neutrally stratified flow within and above a sparse forest from large-eddy simulation and field observations. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 88, 363-397.
38. Thomson, D. J., 1987: Criteria for the selection of stochastic models of particle trajectories in turbulent flows. J. Fluid Mech., 180, 529-556.
39. van Ulden, A. D., 1978: Simple estimates for vertical diffusion from sources near the ground. Atmos. Environ., 12, 2125-2129.
40. Walko, R. L., W. R. Cotton, and R. A. Pielke, 1992: Large eddy simulations of the effects of hilly terrain of the convective boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 58, 133-150.
41. Wilson, J. D., 2000: Trajectory models for heavy particles in atmospheric turbulence: Comparison with observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1894-1912.
42. Wilson, J. D., and B. L. Sawford, 1996: Review of Lagrangian stochastic models for trafectorids in the turbulent atmosphere. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 78, 191-210.
43. Zannetti, P., 1990: Air Pollution Modeling. van Nostrand Reinhold, Ed. New York, 200pp.