Obsessive compulsive personality disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder: Clinical characteristics, diagnostic difficulties, and treatment

Annals of Clinical Psychiatry

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 197-204

  Mancebo, Maria C ^a,b   Eisen, Jane L ^a   Grant, Jon E ^a   Rasmussen, Steven A ^a  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b BUTLER HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Obsessive compulsive disorder; Obsessive compulsive personality disorder; Phenomenology; Treatment

Indexed keywords

CITALOPRAM; CLOMIPRAMINE; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; PAROXETINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; VENLAFAXINE;

ANXIETY; AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMORBIDITY; COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG EFFICACY; FAMILY HISTORY; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; GENETIC MODEL; HEALTH CARE NEED; HUMAN; MALADJUSTMENT; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MEDLINE; MENTAL STRESS; METHODOLOGY; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT; PSYCHODYNAMICS; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVIEW; SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; SELF REPORT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES;

HUMANS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER;

EID: 28844467992     PISSN: 10401237     EISSN: 15473325     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10401230500295305     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Janet P: Les Obsessions et al Psychasthenie. Paris: Bailliere, 1904
2. Lewis AJ: Problems of obsessional illness. Proc R Soc Med 1936; 29:325-336
3. Steketee G, Barlow DH: Obsessive compulsive disorder. In: DH, Barlow ed. Anxiety and Its Disorders. New York: Guilford Press, 2002:516-550
4. Pollack JM: Obsessive-compulsive personality: A review. Psychol Bull 1979; 86:225-241
5. Pollak JM: Relationship of obsessive-compulsive personality to obsessive-compulsive disorder: A review of the literature. J Psychol 1987; 121(2):137-148
6. Pfohl B: Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. In: TA, Widiger, HA, Pincus, R, Ross, M, First, W, Wakefield eds. DSM-IV Sourcebook, vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1996:777-789
7. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 2000
8. Beck AT, Freeman A: Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders. New York: Guilford Press, 1990
9. Winston A, Laikin M, Pollack J, Samstag LW, McCullough L, Muran JC: Short-term psychotherapy of personality disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151(2):190-194
10. Baer L, Jenike MA: Personality disorders in obsessive-compulsive disorder. In: Jenike MA, Baer L, Minichiello WE, eds. Obsessive Compulsive Disorders: Practical Management. Boston: Mosby, Inc., 1998: 65-83
11. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1968
12. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1980
13. Freud S: Character and anal eroticism. In: P, Reiff ed. Collected Papers of Sigmund Freud. vol. 1 New York: Collier, 1908/1963
14. Abraham K: Contributions to the theory of the anal character. In: D, Bryan, AT, Strachers eds. Selected Papers of Karl Abraham. London: Hogarth Press, 1921/1953
15. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1987
16. Costa PT Jr., McCrae RR: Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1992
17. Costa PT Jr., McCrae RR: The five-factor model of personality and its relevance to personality disorders. J Person Disord 1992; 6:343-359
18. Lynam DR, Widiger TA: Using the five-factor model to represent the DSM-IV personality disorders: an expert consensus approach. J Abn Psychol 2001; 110(3):401-412
19. Rector NA, Hood K, Richter MA, Bagby RM: Obsessive-compulsive disorder and the five-factor model of personality: Distinction and overlap with major depressive disorder. Behav Res Ther 2002; 40(10):1205-1219
20. Samuels J, Nestadt G, Bienvenu OJ, Costa PT Jr., Riddle MA, Liang KY, Hoehn-Saric R, Grados MA, Cullen BA: Personality disorders and normal personality dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 2000; 177:457-462
21. Samuels J, Eaton WM, Bienvenu OJ, Brown CH, Costa PT, Nestadt G: Prevalence and correlates of personality disorders in a community sample. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 180:536-542
22. Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Ruan WJ, Pickering RP: Prevalence, correlates, and disability of personality disorders in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65(7):948-958
23. Hyler SE, Skodol AE, Kellman HD, Oldham JM, Rosnick L: Validity of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-revised: Comparison with two structured interviews. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147(8):1043-1048
24. Hyler SE, Skodol AE, Oldham JM, Kellman HD, Doidge N: Validity of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-revised: A replication in an outpatient sample. Compr Psychiatry 1992; 33(2):73-77
25. Karno M, Golding I, Sorenson S, Bumam M: The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in five US communities. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45:1094-1099
26. Chavira DA, Grilo CM, Shea MT, Yen S, Gunderson JG, Morey LC, Skodol AE, Stout RL, Zanarini MC, McGlashan TH: Ethnicity and four personality disorders. Compr Psychiatry 2003; 44:483-491
27. Torgersen S, Kringlen E, Cramer V: The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58:590-596
28. Mancebo, MC Eisen, JL Rasmussen, SA Axis I comorbidity in obsessive compulsive disorder: Preliminary results from a naturalistic follow-up study of OCD, in Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy (AABT). New Orleans, LA, 2004
29. Albert U, Maina G, Forner F, Bogetto F: DSM-IV obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: Prevalence in patients with anxiety disorders and in healthy comparison subjects. Compr Psychiatry 2004; 45(5):325-332
30. Bernstein DP, Cohen P, Velez CN, Schwab-Stone M, Siever LJ, Shinsato L: Prevalence and stability of the DSM-III-R personality disorders in a community-based survey of adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150(8):1237-1243
31. Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, Seeley JR, Klein DN: Axis II psychopathology as a function of Axis I disorders in childhood and adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36:1752-1759
32. Skodol AE, Gunderson JG, McGlashan TH, Dyck IR, Stout RL, Bender DS, Grilo CM, Shea MT, Zanarini MC, Morey LC, Sanislow CA, Oldham JM: Functional impairment in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:276-283
33. Rasmussen S, Eisen J: The epidemiology and clinical features of obsessive compulsive disorder. In: MA, Jenike, L, Baer, WE, Minichiello eds. Obsessive Compulsive Disorders: Pratical Management. Mosby, Inc., 1998:12-43
34. Swedo SE, Rapoport JL, Leonard HL, Lenane MC, Cheslow D: Obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: Clinical and phenomenology of 70 consecutive cases. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:335-341
35. Thomsen PH, Mikkelsen HU: Development of personality disorders in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1993;87:456-462
36. Rasmussen S, Eisen J: Phenomenology of obsessive compulsive disorder. In: J., Insel, S., Rasmussen eds. Psychobiology of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991:743-758
37. Bebbington PE: Epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 1988; 35:2-6
38. Flament MF, Whitaker A, Rapoport JL, Davies M, Berg CZ, Kalikow K, Sceery W, Shaffer D: Obsessive compulsive disorder in adolescence: An epidemiologic study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1988; 27:764-771
39. Murray CJ, Lopez AD: Global Health Statistics: A Compendium of Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality Estimates for Over 200 Conditions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996
40. Koran LM: Quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Clin N Am 2000; 23:509-617
41. Koran LM, Thienemann ML, Davenport R: Quality of life for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:783-788
42. Baer L, Jenike MA, Ricciardi JN, Holland AD, Seymour RJ, Buttolph ML: Standardized assessment of personality disorders in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:826-830
43. Black DW, Noyes R Jr., Pfohl B, Goldstein RB, Blum N: Personality disorder in obsessive-compulsive volunteers, well comparison subjects, and their first-degree relatives. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150(8):1226-1232
44. Eisen JL, Rasmussen SAOCD and compulsive traits: Phenomenology and outcomeAmencan Psychiatric Association 144th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, L.A.: American Psychiatric Association, 1991
45. Sciuto G, Diaferia G, Battaglia M, Perna G, Gabriele A, Bellodi L: DSM-III-R personality disorders in panic and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparison study. Compr Psychiatry 1991; 32:450-457
46. Diaferia G, Bianchi I, Bianchi ML, Cavedini P, Erzegovesi S, Bellodi L: Relationship between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 1997; 38:38-42
47. Crino RD, Andrews G: Personality disorder in obsessive compulsive disorder: A controlled study. J Psychiatr Res 1996; 30:29-38
48. Gunderson JG, Shea MT, Skodol AE, McGlashan TH, Morey LC, Stout RL, Zanarini MC, Grilo CM, Oldham JM, Keller MB: The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study: Development, aims, design, and sample characteristics. J Person Disord 2000; 14:300-315
49. McGlashan TH, Grilo CM, Skodol AE, Gunderson JG, Shea MT, Morey LC, Zanarini MC, Stout RL: The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study: Baseline Axis I/II and II/II diagnostic co-occurrence. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000; 102:256-264
50. Riddle MA, Scahill L, King R, Hardin MT, Towbin KE, Ort SI, Leckman JF, Cohen DJ: Obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: Phenomenology and family history. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990; 29:766-772
51. Rasmussen SA, Tsuang MT: Clinical characteristics and family history in DSM-III obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143:317-322
52. Lenane M, Swedo SE, Leonard HL, Pauls DL, Sceery W, Rapoport JL: Psychiatric disorders in first degree relatives of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1990; 29:407-412
53. Nestadt G, Samuels J, Riddle M, Bienvenu OJ 3rd, Liang KY, LaBuda M, Walkup J, Grados M, Hoehn-Saric R: A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57:358-363
54. Kline P: Obsessional traits, obsessional symptoms and anal eroticism. Br J Med Psychol 1968; 41:299-305
55. Angyal A: Neurosis and Treatment: A Holistic Theory. New York: Viking Press, 1965
56. Sullivan HS: Clinical Studies in Psychiatry. New York: Norton, 1956
57. Pauls DL, Towbin KE, Leckman JF, Zahner GE, Cohen DJ: Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Evidence supporting a genetic relationship. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986; 43:1180-1182
58. Magnavita JJ: Classification, prevalence, and etiology of personality disorders: Related issues and controversy. In: JJ, Magnavita ed. Handbook of Personality Disorders. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004
59. Millon T, Davis RD: Disorders of Personality: DSM-TV and Beyond. New York: Wiley, 1996
60. Barber JP, Morse JQ, Krakauer I, Chittams J, Crits-Christoph K: Change in obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders following time-limited supportive-expressive therapy. Psychother 1997; 34:133-143
61. Koenigsberg HW, Woo-Ming AM, Siever LJ: Pharmacological treatments for personality disorders. In: PE, Nathan, JM, Gorman eds. A Guide to Treatments That Work. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002:625-641
62. Stone MH: Long-term outcome in personality disorders. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 162:299-313
63. Tollefson G, Birkett M, Koran L, Genduso L: Continuation treatment of OCD: Double blind and open-label experience with fluoxetine. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55:69-78
64. Greist J, Jefferson J, Kobak K, Katzelnick D, Serlin R: Efficacy and tolerability of serotonin transport inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52:53-60
65. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Delgado PL, Heninger GR: Efficacy of fluvoxamine in obsessive compulsive disorder: A dobule-blind comparison of fluvoxamine and placebo. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:36-40
66. Wheadon DE, Bushnell WD, Steiner M: A fixed-dose comparison of 20, 40, or 60 mg paroxetine to placebo in the treatment of OCD. Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Honolulu, HI, 1993
67. The Clomipramine Collaborative Study Group:: Clomipramine in the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991; 48:730-738
68. Denys D, Van Megen HJ, Van Der Wee N, Westenberg HG: A double-blind switch study of paroxetine and venlafaxine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65:37-43
69. Montgomery SA, Kasper S, Stein DJ, Hedegaard KB, Lemming OM: Citalopram 20 mg, 40 mg, and 60 mg are all effective and well tolerated compared with placebo in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 16:75-86
70. Franklin ME, Abramowitz JS, Kozak MJ, Levitt JT, Foa EB: Effectiveness of exposure and ritual prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder: Randomized compared with nonrandomized samples. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000; 68:594-602
71. Van Balkom AM, Van Oppen P, Vermulen AWA, Van Dyck R, Naute MCE, Vorst HCM: A meta-analysis on the treatment of OCD. Clin Psychol Rev 1994; 14:359-381
72. Freeston MH, Ladouceur R, Gagnon F, Thibodeau N, Rheaume J, Letarte L, Bujould A: Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: A controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997; 65:405-413
73. Salkovskis PM: Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioral analysis. Behav Res Ther 1985; 23:571-583
74. Rachman SJ, Hodgson RJ: Obsessions and Compulsions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1980
75. Salkovskis P, Westbrook D: Behaviour therapy and obsessional ruminations: Can failure be turned into success? Behav Res Ther 1989; 27(2):149-160
76. Reich J, Green AI: Effect of personality disorders on outcome of treatment. J Nerv Ment Dis 1991; 179:74-82
77. Reich J: The effect of Axis II disorders on the outcome of treatment of anxiety and unipolar depressive disorders: A review. J Person Disord 2003; 17:387-405
78. Shea MT, Pilkonis PA, Beckham E, Collins JF, Elkin I, Sotsky SM, Docherty JP: Personality disorders and treatment outcome in the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147:711-718
79. AuBuchon PG, Malatesta VJ: Obsessive compulsive patients with comorbid personality disorder: Associated problems and response to a comprehensive behavior therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55:448-453
80. Minichiello WE, Baer L, Jenike MA: Schizotypal personality disorder: A poor prognostic indicator for behavior therapy in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord 1987; 1:273-276
81. Jenike MA, Baer L, Minichiello WE, Schwartz CE, Carey RJ: Concomitant obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizotypal personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143:530-532
82. Cavedini P, Erzegovesi S, Ronchi P, Bellodi L: Predictive value of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in antiobsessional pharmacological treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1997; 7:45-49
83. Baer L, Jenike MA, Black DW, Treece C, Rosenfield I, Greist J: Effect of Axis II diagnoses on treatment outcome with clomipramine in 54 patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49:862-866
84. Diaferia G, Bianchi I, Bianchi ML, Cavedini P, Erzegovesi S, Bellodi L: Relationship between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 1997; 38:38-42
85. Horesh N, Dolberg OT, Kirschenbaum-Aviner N, Kotler M: Personality differences between obsessive-compulsive disorder subtypes: Washers versus checkers. Psychiatry Res 1997; 71:197-200
86. Mataix-Cols D, Baer L, Rauch SL, Jenike MA: Relation of factor-analyzed symptom dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder to personality disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000; 102:199-202
87. Matsunaga H, Kiriike N, Iwasaki Y, Miyata A, Yamagami S, Kaye WH: Clinical characteristics in patients with anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 1999; 29:407-414
88. Matsunaga H, Kiriike N, Matsui T, Miyata A, Iwasaki Y, Fujimoto K, Kasai S, Kojima M: Gender differences in social and interpersonal features and personality disorders among Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2000; 41:266-272
89. Sanderson WC, Wetzler S, Beck AT, Betz F: Prevalence of personality disorders among patients with anxiety disorders. Psychiatry Res 1994; 51:167-174
90. Stanley MA, Turner SM, Borden JW: Schizotypal features in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 1990; 31:511-518
91. Torres AR, Del Porto JA: Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and personality disorders. Psychopath 1995; 28:322-329