Unusual clinical manifestations of leptospirosis

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 179-183

  Bal, A M ^a  

^a ABERDEEN ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cardiac arrhythmia; Cholecystitis; Congenital infection; Guillain Barre syndrome; Leptospirosis; Pancreatitis; Pancytopenia; Pregnancy

Indexed keywords

DOXYCYCLINE;

ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC PANCREATITIS; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; ASEPTIC MENINGITIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMORBIDITY; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONJUNCTIVA DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH ROUTE; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; ENDEMIC DISEASE; GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPOGONADISM; LEPTOSPIROSIS; LUNG ABSCESS; LUNG HEMORRHAGE; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE; OLIGURIA; PREGNANCY; PROGNOSIS; SEPTICEMIA;

HUMANS; LEPTOSPIROSIS;

EID: 28844461151     PISSN: 00223859     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (77)

1. th edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005. p. 2789-95.
2. Jaureguiberry S, Roussel M, Brinchault-Rabin G, Gacouin A, Le Meur A, Arvieux C, et al. Clinical presentation of leptospirosis: a retrospective study of 34 patients admitted to a single institution in metropolitan France. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005;11:391-4.
3. Katz AR, Ansdell VE, Effler PV, Middleton CR, Sasaki DM. Assessment of the clinical presentation and treatment of 353 cases of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in Hawaii, 1974-1998. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1834-41.
4. Bharadwaj R, Bal AM, Joshi SA, Kagal A, Pol SS, Garad G, et al. An urban outbreak of leptospirosis in Mumbai, India. Jpn J Infect Dis 2002;55:194-6.
5. Faine S. The acute infection in man. In: Guidelines for the control of leptospirosis. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 1982. p. 43-54.
6. Bal AM, Kakrani AL, Bharadwaj RS, Kagal AS, Joshi SA, Arjunwadkar VP. Evaluation of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of leptospirosis. J Assoc Physic Ind 2002;50:394-6.
7. Shivakumar S, Shareek PS. Diagnosis of leptospirosis utilizing modified Faine's criteria. J Assoc Physicians India 2004;52:678-9.
8. LaRocque RC, Breiman RF, Ari MD, Morey RE, Janan FA, Hayes JM, et al. Leptospirosis during Dengue Outbreak, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 2005;11:766-9.
9. Karande S, Gandhi D, Kulkarni M, Bharadwaj R, Pol S, Thakare J, et al. Concurrent Outbreak of Leptospirosis and Dengue in Mumbai, India, 2002. J Trop Pediatr 2005;51:174-81.
10. Watt G, Padre LP, Tuazon ML, Calubaquib C, Santiago E, Ranoa CP, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of intravenous penicillin for severe and late leptospirosis. Lancet 1988;1:433-5.
11. Panaphut T, Domrongkitchaiporn S, Thinkamrop B. Prognostic factors of death in leptospirosis: a prospective cohort study in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Int J Infect Dis 2002;6:52-9.
12. Dupont H, Dupont-Perdrizet D, Perie JL, Zehner-Hansen S, Jarrige B, Daijardin JB. Leptospirosis: prognostic factors associated with mortality. Clin Infect Dis 1997;25:720-4.
13. Tantitanawat S, Tanjatham S. Prognostic factors associated with severe leptospirosis. J Med Assoc Thai 2003;86:925-31.
14. Perani V, Farina C, Maggi L, Michetti G, Moioli F, Pizzocaro P, et al. Pneumonia due to Leptospira spp.: results of an epidemiological and clinical study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998;2:766-70.
15. Allen P, Raftery S, Phelan D. Massive pulmonary haemorrhage due to leptospirosis. Intensive Care Med 1989;15:322-4.
16. Im JG, Yeon KM, Han MC, Kim CW, Webb WR, Lee JS, et al. Leptospirosis of the lung: radiographic findings in 58 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989;152:955-9.
17. Teglia OF, Battagliotti C, Villavicencio RL, Cunha BA. Leptospiral pneumonia. Chest 1995;108:874-5.
18. Trevejo RT, Rigau-Perez JG, Ashford DA, McClure EM, Jarquin-Gonzalez C, Amador JJ, et al. Epidemic leptospirosis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage-Nicaragua, 1995. J Infect Dis 1998;178:1457-63.
19. Sehgal SC, Murhekar MV, Sugunan AP. Outbreak of leptospirosis with pulmonary involvement in north Andaman. Indian J Med Res 1995;102:9-12.
20. Vijayachari P, Sehgal SC, Goris MG, Terpstra WJ, Hartskeerl RA. Leptospira interrogans serovar Valbuzzi: a cause of severe pulmonary haemorrhages in the Andaman Islands. J Med Microbiol 2003;52:913-8.
21. Marotto PC, Nascimento CM, Eluf-Neto J, Marotto MS, Andrade L, Sztajnbok J, et al. Acute lung injury in leptospirosis: clinical and laboratory features, outcome, and factors associated with mortality. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:1561-63.
22. Karande S, Satam N, Kulkarni M, Bharadwaj R, Pol S. Leptospiral pneumonia. Indian J Pediatr 2005;72:86.
23. Yersin C, Bovet P, Merien F, Clement J, Laille M, Van Ranst M, et al. Pulmonary haemorrhage as a predominant cause of death in leptospirosis in Seychelles. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000;94:71-6.
24. Winter RJ, Richardson A, Lehner MJ, Hoffbrand BI. Lung abscess and reactive arthritis: rare complications of leptospirosis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984;288:448-9.
25. Panicker JN, Mammachan R, Jayakumar RV. Primary neuroleptospirosis. Postgrad Med J 2001;77:589-90.
26. Kavitha S, Shastry BA. Leptospirosis with transverse myelitis. J Assoc Physicians India 2005;53:159-60.
27. Costa E, Sacramento E, Lopes AA, Bina JC. Facial nerve palsy associated with leptospirosis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2001;34:219-20.
28. Sharma OP, Eltahir N, Roy M. Facial palsy in a patient with leptospirosis: causal or accidental. Sarcoidosis Vase Diffuse Lung Dis 1999;16:104-6.
29. Mumford C, Dudley N, Terry H. Leptospirosis presenting as a flaccid paraplegia. Postgrad Med J 1990;66:218-20.
30. Bal AM, Bharadwaj RS, Gita N, Joshi SA, Thakare JP. Guillain-Barre syndrome in a pediatric patient following infection due to Leptospira. Jpn J Infect Dis 2003;56:29-31.
31. Martins MG, Matos KT, da Silva MV, de Abreu MT. Ocular manifestations in the acute phase of leptospirosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 1998;6:75-9.
32. Rathinam SR, Rathnam S, Selvaraj S, Dean D, Nozik RA, Namperumalsamy P. Uveitis associated with an epidemic outbreak of leptospirosis. Am J Ophthalmol 1997;124:71-9.
33. Mancel E, Merien F, Pesenti L, Salino D, Angibaud G, Perolat P. Clinical aspects of ocular leptospirosis in New Caledonia (South Pacific). Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1999;27:380-6.
34. Pai ND, Adhikari P. Painless pancreatitis: a rare manifestation of leptospirosis. J Assoc Physic Ind 2002;50:1318-9.
35. Edwards CN, Evarard CO. Hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis in leptospirosis. Am J Gastroenterol 1991;86:1665-8.
36. Monno S, Mizushima Y. Leptospirosis with acute acalculous cholecystitis and pancreatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 1993;16:52-4.
37. Guarner J, Shieh WJ, Morgan J, Bragg SL, Bajani MD, Tappero JW, et al. Leptospirosis mimicking acute cholecystitis among athletes participating in a triathlon. Hum Pathol 2001;32:750-2.
38. Paz A, Krimerman S, Potasman I. Leptospirosis masquerading as infectious enteritis. Trav Med Infect Dis 2004;2:89-91.
39. Tangkanakul W, Smits HL, Jatanasen S, Ashford DA. Leptospirosis: an emerging health problem in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2005;36:281-8.
40. Handa R, Sood A, Wali JP. Peritonitis complicating leptospirosis. Postgrad Med J 1995;71:250.
41. Rajiv C, Manjuran RJ, Sudhayakumar N, Haneef M. Cardiovascular involvement in leptospirosis. Indian Heart J 1996;48:691-4.
42. Trivedi SV, Bhattacharya A, Amichandwala K, Jakkamsetti V. Evaluation of cardiovascular status in severe leptospirosis. J Assoc Physic Ind 2003;51:951-3.
43. Younes-Ibrahim M, Burth P, Castro-Faria M, Cheval L, Buffin-Meyer B, Marsy S, et al. Effect of Leptospira interrogans endotoxin on renal tubular Na,K-ATPase and H,K-ATPase activities. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997;834:684-6.
44. Daher E, Zanetta DM, Cavalcante MB, Abdulkader RC. Risk factors for death and changing patterns in leptospirosis acute renal failure. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999;61:630-4.
45. Edwards CN, Nicholson GD, Hassell TA, Everard CO, Callender J. Leptospirosis in Barbados. A clinical study. West Indian Med J 1990;39:27-34.
46. Farkas PS, Knapp AB, Lieberman H, Guttman I, Mayan S, Bloom AA. Markedly elevated creatinine phosphokinase, cotton wool spots, and pericarditis in a patient with leptospirosis. Gastroenterology 1981;80:587-9.
47. Ramachandran S, Perera MV. Cardiac and pulmonary involvement in leptospirosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1977;71:56-9.
48. de Brito T, Morais CF, Yasuda PH, Lancellotti CP, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Yamashiro E, et al. Cardiovascular involvement in human and experimental leptospirosis: pathologic findings and immunohistochemical detection of leptospiral antigen. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1987;81:207-14.
49. Cornaert P, Masson P, Forzy G, Graux P, Camblin J, Dutoit A, et al. Infectious endocarditis caused by rare germs. Review of the literature apropos of 2 cases. Ann Cardiol Angeiol 1987;36:87-93.
50. Coursin DB, Updike SJ, Maki DG. Massive rhabdomyolysis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by leptospirosis. Intensive Care Med 2000;26:808-12.
51. O'Leary FM, Hunjan JS, Bradbury R, Thanakrishnan G. Fatal leptospirosis presenting as musculoskeletal chest pain. Med J Aust 2004;180:29-31.
52. Watt G, Padre LP Tuazon M, Calubaquib C. Skeletal and cardiac muscle involvement in severe, late leptospirosis. J Infect Dis 1990;162:266-9.
53. Somers CJ, Al-Kindi S, Montague S, O'Connor R, Murphy PG, Jeffers M, et al. Erythroid hypoplasia associated with leptospirosis. J Infect 2003;47:85-6.
54. Stefos A, Georgiadou SP, Gioti C, Loukopoulos A, Ioannou M, Pournaras S, et al. Leptospirosis and pancytopenia: two case reports and review of the literature. J Infect (In Press).
55. Bishara J, Amitay E, Barnea A, Yitzhaki S, Pitlik S. Epidemiological and clinical features of leptospirosis in Israel. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002;21:50-2.
56. Laing RW, Teh C, Toh CH. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) complicating leptospirosis: a previously undescribed association. J Clin Pathol 1990;43:961-2.
57. Tattevin P, Dupeux S, Hoff J. Leptospirosis and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Am J Med 2003;114:164.
58. Pappas G, Akritidis N, Christou L, Mastora M, Tsianos E. Unusual causes of reactive arthritis: Leptospira and Coxiella burnetii. Clin Rheumatol 2003;22:343-6.
59. Finsterer J, Stöllberger C, Sehnal E, Stanek G. Mild leptospirosis with three-year persistence of IgG- and IgM-antibodies, initiallymanifesting as carpal tunnel syndrome. J Infect 2005;51:E67-70.
60. Panidis D, Rousso D, Skiadopoulos S, Vavilis D, Kalogeropoulos A. Hypothalamic-pituitary deficiency after Weil's syndrome: a case report. Fertil Steril 1994;62:1077-9.
61. Bielaaski A, Raeside JI. Plasma concentrations of steroid hormones in sows infected experimentally with Leptospira pomona or porcine enterovirus strain T1 in late gestation. Res Vet Sci 1977;22:28-34.
62. Shaked Y, Shpilberg O, Samra D, Samra Y. Leptospirosis in pregnancy and its effect on the fetus: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 1993;17:241-3.
63. Carles G, Montoya E, Joly F, Peneau C. Leptospirosis and pregnancy. Eleven cases in French Guyana. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 1995;24:418-21.
64. Chedraui PA, San MG. A case of leptospirosis and pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2003;269:53-4.
65. Bolin CA, Koellner P. Human-to-human transmission of Leptospira interrogans by milk. J Infect Dis 1988;158:246-7.
66. Jones S, Kim T. Fulminant leptospirosis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: case report and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:31-3.
67. Neves ES, Pereira MM, Galhardo MC, Caroli A, Andrade J, Morgado MG, et al. Leptospirosis patient with AIDS: the first case reported. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1994;27:39-42.
68. Flannery B, Pereira MM, Velloso L de F, Carvalho C de C, De Codes LG, Orrico G de S, et al. Referral pattern of leptospirosis cases during a large urban epidemic of dengue. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001;65:657-63.
69. Kaur H, John M. Mixed infection due to leptospira and dengue. Indian J Gastroenterol 2002;21:206.
70. Markotic A, Kuzman I, Babic K, Gagro A, Nichol S, Ksiazek TG, et al. Double trouble: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and leptospirosis. Scand J Infect Dis 2002;34:221-4.
71. Kudesia G, Christie P, Walker E, Pinkerton I, Lloyd G. Dual infection with leptospira and hantavirus. Lancet 1988;1:1397.
72. Suzuki A, Kumashiro R, Shirachi M, Kuroki M, Suzuki H, Tanikawa K, et al. Markedly prolonged jaundice from simultaneous infection with hepatitis E virus and leptospira. Kurume Med J 2003;50:155-9.
73. Kaushik SP, Yim HB, Tan CC. Weils' syndrome and concomitant hepatitis B infection. Singapore Med J 1999;40:104-5.
74. Bek M, Koppl H, Schwarzkopf G, Freudenberg N. Weil's disease and necrotizing herpes pneumonia as the cause of death of a 39-year-old sewage drain worker. Pathologe 1996;17:471-6.
75. Wongsrichanalai C, Murray CK, Gray M, Miller RS, McDaniel P, Liao WJ, et al. Co-infection with malaria and leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003;68:583-5.
76. Lu PL, Tseng SH. Fatal septicemic melioidosis in a young military person possibly co-infected with Leptospira interrogans and Orientia tsutsugamushi. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2005;21:173-8.
77. Kaul DR, Flanders SA, Saint S. Clinical problem-solving. Clear as mud. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1914-8.