High prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among indirect sex workers in Cambodia

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Volumn 32, Issue 12, 2005, Pages 745-751

  Kim, Andrea A ^a   Ly, Penh Sun ^b   Chhorvann, Chhea ^b   Lindan, Christina ^a   Van Griensven, Frits ^a,c   Kilmarx, Peter H ^c   Sirivongrangson, Pachara ^c   Louie, Janice K ^a   Hor, Bun Leng ^b   Page Shafer, Kimberly ^a,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Ministry of Health Cambodia   (Cambodia)

^c MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Thailand)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CONDOM; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NONHUMAN; PREVALENCE; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; SYMPTOM; SYPHILIS; TRICHOMONAS; VAGINA SMEAR; VAGINITIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CAMBODIA; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; PREVALENCE; PROSTITUTION; RISK-TAKING; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, BACTERIAL; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS;

EID: 28644440427     PISSN: 01485717     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.olq.0000175384.44106.be     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Soeprapto W, Ertono S, Hudoyo H, et al. HIV and peacekeeping operations in Cambodia. Lancet 1995; 346:1304-1305.
2. Muller O, Kamnuan U, Leng HB, Chung A, Tadiar F. HIV and AIDS in Southeast Asia. Lancet 1997; 350:288.
3. Ryan C, Ouk V, Gorbach P, et al. Explosive spread of HIV-1 and sexually transmitted disease in Cambodia. Lancet 1998; 351:1175.
4. Richner B, Laurent D, Sunnarat Y, Bee D, Nadal D. Spread of HIV-1 to children in Cambodia. Lancet 1997; 349:1451-1452.
5. Saphonn V, Sopheab H, Sun LP, et al. Current HIV/AIDS/STI Epidemic Intervention Programs in Cambodia, 1993-2003. AIDS Educ Prev 2004; 16:64-77.
6. World Health Organization and Ministry of Health National Center for HIV/AIDS Dermatology and STDs. Consensus Report on STI, HIV, and AIDS Epidemiology, Cambodia, 2001. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Health, 2001.
7. Gorbach P, Sopheab H, Phalla T, et al. Sexual bridging by Cambodian men: Potential importance for general population spread of STD and HIV epidemics. Sex Transm Dis 2000; 27:320-326.
8. Po S, Page-Shafer K, Kim A, et al. HIV prevalence and risk factors among Fishermen in Sihanouk Ville, Cambodia. Int J STD AIDS 2004; 15:479-483.
9. Sopheab H, Gorbach P, Gloyd S, et al. Rural sex work in Cambodia; work characteristics, risk behaviours, HIV, and syphilis. Sex Transm Infect 2003; 79:e2.
10. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), World Health Organization. AIDS Epidemic Update, December 2002. Geneva: UNAIDS/WHO, 2002.
11. National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology, and STI. Preliminary report on HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2002. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Health, 2002. Available at: http://www.nchads.org. Accessed September 1, 2004.
12. Leng HB, Wantha SS, Sopheab H, Phalkun M, Gorbach P. Cambodia's Behavioral Surveillance Survey, 1999 (BSS I-III). Final report. Phnom Penh: National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs, Ministry of Health, 2000 [online]. Available at: http://www.nchads.org. Accessed September 1, 2004.
13. Gorbach P, Sopheab H, Leng HB, Vonthanak S. BSS V: Sexual Behavior Among Urban Sentinel Groups: Cambodia 2001. Phnom Penh: National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs, Ministry of Health, 2002.
14. Ohshiege K, Morio S, Mizushima S, et al. Behavioural and serological human immunodeficiency virus risk factors among female commercial sex workers in Cambodia. Int J Epidemiol 2000; 29:244-254.
15. Morio S, Soda K, Tajima K, et al. Sexual behavior of commercial sex workers and their clients in Cambodia. J Epidemiol 1999; 9:175-182.
16. Rojanapithayakorn W, Hanenberg R. The 100% condom program in Thailand. AIDS 1996; 10:1-7.
17. Mastro TD, Limpakarnjanarat K. Condom use in Thailand: How much is it slowing the HIV/AIDS epidemic? AIDS 1995; 9:523-525.
18. Kilmarx PH, Palanuvej T, Limpakarnjanarat K, Chitvarakorn A, St. Louis ME, Mastro TD. Seroprevalence of HIV among female sex workers in Bangkok: Evidence of ongoing infection risk after the '100% Condom Program'' was implemented. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr 1999; 21:313-316.
19. David Lowe Consulting - Asia: Documenting the Experiences of Sex Workers. Draft Report to the Policy Project, December 2002 [online]. Available at: http://www.nswp.org/safety/CUP-REPORT.DOC. Accessed October 1, 2003.
20. Asian Development Bank: Mobility and HIV/AIDS in the Greater Mekong Subregion [online]. Available at: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/HIV_AIDS/ Mobility. Accessed October 1, 2003.
21. Tanksale V, Sahasrabhojanee M, Patel V, Nevrekar P, Menezes S, Mabev D. The reliability of a structured examination protocol and self administered vaginal swabs: A pilot study of gynaecological outpatients in Goa, India. Sex Transm Dis 2003; 79:251-253.
22. BV Blue [package insert]. Birmingham, AL: Gryphus Diagnostics, 2000.
23. National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology, and STI. 2001 Cambodia STI Prevalence Survey. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Health, 2002 [online]. Available at: http://www.nchads.org. Accessed September 1, 2004.
24. Quinn TC, Wawer MJ, Sewankambo N, et al. Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Rakai Project Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:921-929.
25. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Addressing Gender Perspectives in HIV Prevention, HIV Prevention Now, Programme Briefs no 4. Geneva: UNFPA, 2002.
26. World Health Organization (WHO). Women and HIV/AIDS, Fact Sheet no 242. Geneva: WHO, 2000.
27. Center for Advanced Study: Survey on Health Seeking Behaviour Among Women Working in the Entertainment Sector in Phnom Penh, August 2002 [online]. Available at: http://www.cascambodia.org/karaoke.htm. Accessed October 15, 2003.
28. Population Services International: Sweetheart Relationships in Cambodia: Love, Sex & Condoms in the Time of HIV, December 2002 [online]. Available at: http://www.psi.org/resources/pubs/cambodia.pdf. Accessed October 15, 2003.
29. Morisky DE, Ang A, Sneed CD. Validating the effects of social desirability on self-reported condom use behavior among commercial sex workers. AIDS Educ Prev 2002; 14:351-360.
30. Kilmarx PH, Limpakarnjanarat K, Mastro TD, et al. HIV-1 seroconversion in a prospective study of female sex workers in northern Thailand: Continued high incidence among brothel-based women. AIDS 1998; 12:1889-1898.
31. Pisani E, Garnett G, Brown T, et al. Back to basics in HIV prevention: Focus on exposure. BMJ 2003; 326:1384-1387.