Sexual harm reduction practices of HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men: Serosorting, strategic positioning, and withdrawal before ejaculation

AIDS, Supplement

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2005, Pages

  Parsons, Jeffrey T ^a,b,c   Schrimshaw, Eric W ^b   Wolitski, Richard J ^d   Halkitis, Perry N ^c,e   Purcell, David W ^d   Hoff, Colleen C ^f   Gómez, Cynthia A ^f  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^c Center for HIV AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST)   (United States)

^d CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^e NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Bisexual; Gay; Harm reduction; HIV; Seropositive; Serosorting

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANAL SEX; ARTICLE; BISEXUALITY; BODY POSITION; CITY; EJACULATION; HARM REDUCTION; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; ORAL SEXUAL CONTACT; PENIS WITHDRAWAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SAFE SEX; SERODIAGNOSIS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; UNITED STATES; ADVERTIZING; ANUS INTERCOURSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; RACE DIFFERENCE; SEROTYPING; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 28544438421     PISSN: 13502840     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000167348.15750.9a     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Chen SY, Gibson S, Weide D, McFarland W. Unprotected anal intercourse between potentially HIV-serodiscordant men who have sex with men, San Francisco. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003; 33:166-170.
2. Stolte IG, Dukers NH, de Wit JB, Fennema JS, Coutinho RA. Increases in sexually transmitted infections among homosexual men in Amsterdam in relation to HAART. Sex Transm Dis 2001; 77:184-186.
3. Van de Ven P, Prestage G, Crawford J, Grulich A, Kippax S. Sexual risk behavior increases is associated with HIV optimism among HIV negative and HIV positive gay men in Sydney over the Four-year period to February 2000. AIDS 2000; 14:2951-2953.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Increases in unsafe sex and rectal gonorrhea among men who have sex with men - San Francisco, 1994-1997. MMWR 1999; 48:45-48.
5. Woltiski RJ, Valdiserri RO, Denning PH, Levine WC. Are we headed for a resurgence in the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men? Am J Public Health 2001; 91:883-888.
6. Ekstrand ML, Stall RD, Paul JP, Osmond DH, Coates TJ. Gay men report high rates of unprotected sex with partners of unknown or discordant HIV status. AIDS 2000; 13:1525-1533.
7. Dodds JP, Nardone A, Mercey DE, Johnson AM. Increase in high risk sexual behavior among homosexual men, London 1996-8. BMJ 2000; 320:1510-1511.
8. Darrow W, Webster R, Kurtz S, Buckley A, Stempel R. Impact of HIV counseling and testing on HIV-infected men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav 1998; 2:115-126.
9. de Vroome E, de Wit J, Stoebe W, Sandfort T, van Griensven G. Sexual behavior and depression among HIV-positive gay men. AIDS Behav 1998; 2:137-150.
10. Robins A, Dew M, Kingsley L, Becker J. Do homosexual men and bisexual men who place others at potential risk for HIV have unique psychological profiles. AIDS Educ Prevent 1997; 9:239-251.
11. Parsons JT, Halkitis PN, Wolitski RJ, Gómez CA. Correlates of sexual risk behaviors among HIV-positive men who have sex with men. AIDS Educ Prevent 2003; 15:383-400.
12. Calzavara L, Burchell AN, Major C, Remis RS, Corey P, Myers T, et al. Increases in HIV incidence among men who have sex with men undergoing repeat diagnostic HIV testing in Ontario, Canada. AIDS 2002; 16:1655-1661.
13. Kellogg T, McFarland W, Katz M. Recent increase in HIV seroconversions among repeat anonymous testers in San Francisco. AIDS 1999; 13:2303-2304.
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Unrecognized HIV infection, risk behaviors, and perceptions of risk among young black men who have sex with men - six U.S. cities, 1994-1998. MMWR 2002; 51:733-736.
15. Fox KK, del Rio C, Holmes KK, Hook EW, Judson FN, Knapp JS, et al. Gonorrhea in the HIV era: A reversal in trends among men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health 2001; 91:959-964.
16. Halkitis PN, Parsons JT. Intentional unsafe sex (barebacking) among HIV seropositive gay men who seek sexual partners on the internet. AIDS Care 2003; 15:367-378.
17. Wolitski RJ, Bailey CJ, O'Leary A, Gómez CA, Parsons JT. Self-perceived responsibility of HIV+ MSM for preventing HIV transmission to sex partners. AIDS Behav 2003; 7:363-372.
18. Suarez T, Miller J. Negotiating risks in context: a perspective on unprotected anal intercourse and barebacking among men who have sex with men - where do we go from here? Arch Sex Behav 2001; 30:287-300.
19. Valdisseri R. Preventing new HIV infections in the U.S.: what can we hope to achieve? Paper presented at the 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Boston, MA, February 2003.
20. Vittinghoff E, Douglas J, Judson F. Per-contact risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission between male sexual partners. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 150:1-6.
21. Wolitski RJ, Branson BM. Gray area behaviors and partner selection strategies. In: Beyond condoms: alternative approaches to HIV prevention. Edited by O'Leary A. New York: Kluwer/Plenum Press; 2002. pp. 173-198.
22. Suarez TP, Kelly JA, Pinkerton SD, Stevenson YL, Hyatt M, Smith MD, Ertl T. Influence of a partner's HIV serostatus, use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, and viral load on perceptions of sexual risk behavior in a community sample of men who have sex with men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001; 28:471-477.
23. Ciccarone DH, Kanouse DE, Collins RL, Miu A, Chen JL, Morton SC, Stall R. Sex without disclosure of positive HIV serostatus in a US probability sample of persons receiving medical care for HIV infection. Am J Public Health 2003; 93:949-954.
24. Wolitski RJ, Reitmeijer CAM, Goldbaum GM, Wilson RM. HIV serostatus disclosures among gay and bisexual men in four American cities: general pattern and relation to sexual practices. AIDS Care 1998; 10:599-610.
25. Wulfert E, Safren SA, Brown I, Wan CK. Cognitive, behavioral, and personality correlates of HIV-positive persons' unsafe sexual behavior. J Appl Soc Psychol 1999; 29:223-244.
26. O'Leary A. Guessing games: sex partner serostatus assumptions in the SUMS. In: HIV+ sex: the psychological and interpersonal dynamics of HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men's relationships. Edited by Halkitis PN, Gómez C, Wolitski R. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2005. pp. 121-132.
27. Gold RS, Skinner MJ. Desire for unprotected intercourse preceding its occurrence: the case of young gay men with an anonymous partner, Int J STD AIDS 1993; 4:326-329.
28. Parsons JT, Vicioso K. Brief encounters: the roles of public and commercial sex environments in the sexual lives of HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. In: HIV+ sex: the psychological and Interpersonal dynamics of HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men's relationships. Edited by Halkitis PN, Gómez C, Wolitski R. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2005. pp.183-200.
29. Halkitis PN, Parsons JT. Recreational drug use and HIV-risk sexual behavior among men frequenting gay social venues. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv 2002; 14:19-39.
30. Van de Ven P, Kippax S, Crawford J, Rawstorne P, Prestage G, Grulich A, et al. In a minority of gay men, sexual risk practice indicates strategic positioning for perceived risk reduction rather than unbridled sex. AIDS Care 2002; 14:471-480.
31. Kippax S, Race K. Sustaining safe practice: twenty years on. Soc Science Med 2003; 57:1-12.
32. Lowry E, Ross MW. It'll never happen to me: gay men's beliefs, perceptions and folk constructions of sexual risk. AIDS Educ Prevent 1994; 6:467-482.
33. Buchbinder SP, Douglas JM, McKirnan DJ, Judson FN, Katz MH, MacQueen KM. Feasibility of human immunodeficiency virus vaccine trials in homosexual men in the United States: risk behavior, seroincidence, and willingness to participate. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:954-961.
34. Page-Shafer K, Veugelers PJ, Moss AR, Strathdee S, Kaldor JM, Van Griensven GJ. Sexual risk behavior and risk factors for HIV-1 seroconversion in homosexual men participating in the Tricontinental Seroconverter Study, 1982-1994. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146:531-542.
35. Halkitis PN, Parsons JT. Oral sex and HIV risk reduction: perceived risk, behaviors, and strategies among young HIV-negative gay men. J Psych Human Sex 1999; 11:1-24.
36. Kalichman SC, Cherry C, Williams EA, Abush-Kirsh T, Nachimson D, Schaper P, et al. Oral sex anxiety, oral sexual behavior, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk perceptions among gay and bisexual men. J Gay Lesbian Med Assoc 1997; 1:161-168.
37. Gold RS, Skinner MJ. Gay men's estimates of the likelihood of HIV transmission in sexual behaviours, Int J STD AIDS 2001; 12:245-255.
38. Ilaria G, Jacobs JL, Polsky B, Koll B, Baron P, MacLow C, et al. Detection of HIV-1 DNA sequences in pre-ejaculatory fluid. Lancet 1992;340:1469.
39. Pudney J, Oneta M, Mayer K, Seage G, Anderson D. Pre-ejaculatory fluid as potential vector for sexual transmission of HIV-1. Lancet 1992; 340:1470.
40. DeVincenzi I. A longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus transmission by heterosexual partners. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:341-346.
41. Quirk A, Rhodes T, Stimson GV. Unsafe protected sex: qualitative insights on measures of sexual risk. AIDS Care 1998; 10:105-114.
42. Richters J, Knox S, Crawford J, Kippax S. Condom use and withdrawal: exploring gay men's practice of anal intercourse. Int J STD AIDS 2000; 11:96-104.
43. Parsons JT, Halkitis PN. Sexual and drug using practices of HIV+ men who frequent commercial and public sex environments. AIDS Care 2002; 14:815-826.
44. Kippax S, Campbell D, Van de Ven P, Crawford J, Prestage G, Knox S, et al. Cultures of sexual adventurism as markers of HIV seroconversion: a case control study in a cohort of Sydney gay men. AIDS Care 1998; 10:677-688.
45. Gold RS, Skinner MJ. Unprotected anal intercourse in gay men: the resolution to withdraw before ejaculating. Psychol Rep 1997; 81:496-498.
46. Davidovich U, de Wit J, Albrecht N, Geskus R, Stroebe W, Coutinho R. Increase in the share of steady partners as a source of HIV infection: a 17-yr study of seroconversion among gay men. AIDS 2001; 15:1303-1308.
47. Hoff CC, Stall R, Paul J, Acree M, Daigle D, Phillips K, et al. Differences in sexual behavior among HIV Discordant and concordant gay men in primary relationships. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1997; 14:72-78.
48. Wolitski RJ, Parsons JT, Gómez CA, Purcell DW, Hoff CC, Halkitis PN, and the SUMIT Study Group. Prevention with gay and bisexual men living with HIV: rationale and methods of the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial (SUMIT). AIDS 2005; 19 (suppl. 1):S1-S11.
49. Catania JA, Gibson DR, Chitwood DD, Coates TJ. Methodological problems in AIDS behavioral research: influences on measurement error and participation bias in studies of sexual behavior. Psychol Bull 1990; 108:339-362.
50. Weinhardt LS, Forsyth AD, Carey MP, Jaworski BC, Durant LE. Reliability and validity of self-report measures of HIV-related sexual behavior: progress since 1990 and recommendations for research and practice. Arch Sex Behav 1998; 27:155-180.
51. Kauth MR, St Lawrence JS, Kelly JA. Reliability of retrospective assessments of sexual HIV risk behavior: a comparison on biweekly, three month, and twelve month self-reports. AIDS Educ Prevent 1991; 3:207-214.
52. Gibbons JD. Nonparametric statistics: an introduction. Newbury Park, CA: Sage; 1993.
53. Fisher JD, Willcutts DLK, Misovich SJ, Weinstein B. Dynamics of sexual risk behavior in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav 1998; 2:101-113.
54. Hoff CC, Stall R, Paul J. Differences in sexual behavior among HIV discordant and concordant gay men in primary relationships. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1997; 14:72-78.
55. Leynaert B, Downs AM, De Vincenzi I. Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: variability of infectivity throughout the course of infection. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 148:88-96.
56. Gribble JN, Miller HG, Rogers SM, Turner CF. Interview mode and measurement of sexual behaviors: methodological issues. J Sex Res 1999; 36:16-24.
57. Turner CF, Ku L, Rogers SM, Lindberg LD, Pleck JH. Adolescent sexual behavior, drug use, and violence: Increased reporting with computer survey technology. Science 1998; 280:867-873.