메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 207-239

"Striking out" as crime reduction policy: The impact of "three strikes" laws on crime rates in U.S. Cities

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 28444473138     PISSN: 07418825     EISSN: 17459109     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07418820400095791     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (66)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0041091887 scopus 로고
    • Three strikes and you're out: The likely consequences on the courts, prisons, and crime in California and Washington state
    • Austin, J. (1994). Three strikes and you're out: The likely consequences on the courts, prisons, and crime in California and Washington state. Saint Louis University Public Law Review, 14, 239-261.
    • (1994) Saint Louis University Public Law Review , vol.14 , pp. 239-261
    • Austin, J.1
  • 2
    • 0012137088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of three strikes and you're out on corrections
    • D. Schichor and D.K. Sechrest (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
    • Austin, J. (1996). The effect of three strikes and you're out on corrections. In D. Schichor and D.K. Sechrest (Eds.), Three strikes and you're out: Vengeance as public policy, (pp. 155-174). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    • (1996) Three Strikes and You're Out: Vengeance As Public Policy , pp. 155-174
    • Austin, J.1
  • 4
    • 0141543041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shooting down the more guns less crime hypothesis
    • Ayres, I., & Donohue III, J. J. (2003). Shooting down the more guns less crime hypothesis. Stanford Law Review, 55, 1193-1312.
    • (2003) Stanford Law Review , vol.55 , pp. 1193-1312
    • Ayres, I.1    Donohue III, J.J.2
  • 7
    • 0000516836 scopus 로고
    • A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation
    • Breusch, T.S., & Pagan, A.R.. (1979). A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica 50, 987-1007.
    • (1979) Econometrica , vol.50 , pp. 987-1007
    • Breusch, T.S.1    Pagan, A.R.2
  • 10
    • 21644473965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Backfire: When incarceration increases crime
    • [Online]
    • Clear, T. (1996). Backfire: When incarceration increases crime. Journal of the Oklahoma Criminal Justice Research Consortium, 3. [Online]. Available: http://www.doc.State.ok.us/DOCS/OCJRC/OCJRC96/toc.
    • (1996) Journal of the Oklahoma Criminal Justice Research Consortium , vol.3
    • Clear, T.1
  • 11
    • 0039449609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, racial threat, and sentencing of habitual offenders
    • Crawford, C., Chiricos, T., & Kleck, G. (1998). Race, racial threat, and sentencing of habitual offenders. Criminology, 36, 481-511.
    • (1998) Criminology , vol.36 , pp. 481-511
    • Crawford, C.1    Chiricos, T.2    Kleck, G.3
  • 12
    • 0040698695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect on a local criminal justice system
    • D. Schichor & D.K. Sechrest (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
    • Cushman, R.C. (1996). Effect on a local criminal justice system. In D. Schichor & D.K. Sechrest (Eds.), Three strikes and you're out: Vengeance as public policy, (pp. 90-113). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    • (1996) Three Strikes and You're Out: Vengeance as Public Policy , pp. 90-113
    • Cushman, R.C.1
  • 13
    • 84935835616 scopus 로고
    • Macroeconomic and social-control policy influences on crime rate changes, 1948-1985
    • Devine, J. A., Sheley, J.F., & Smith, M.D. (1988). Macroeconomic and social-control policy influences on crime rate changes, 1948-1985. American Sociological Review, 53, 407-420.
    • (1988) American Sociological Review , vol.53 , pp. 407-420
    • Devine, J.A.1    Sheley, J.F.2    Smith, M.D.3
  • 15
    • 84937301776 scopus 로고
    • Instant replay
    • DiIulio, J.J. (1994). Instant replay. American Prospect 18(1), 12-18.
    • (1994) American Prospect , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 12-18
    • DiIulio, J.J.1
  • 16
    • 0003264471 scopus 로고
    • The coming of the super-predators
    • DiIulio, J.J. (1995). The coming of the super-predators. Weekly Standard (November 27), pp. 23-28.
    • (1995) Weekly Standard , Issue.27 NOVEMBER , pp. 23-28
    • DiIulio, J.J.1
  • 17
    • 0141885596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are voters fools? Crime public opinion and representative democracy
    • DiIulio, J.J. (1997). Are voters fools? Crime public opinion and representative democracy. Corrections Management Quarterly, 1, 1-5.
    • (1997) Corrections Management Quarterly , vol.1 , pp. 1-5
    • DiIulio, J.J.1
  • 19
    • 4344633615 scopus 로고
    • A general analysis of the bias in the estimated standard errors of least squares coefficients
    • Greenwald, B.C. (1983). A general analysis of the bias in the estimated standard errors of least squares coefficients. Journal of Econometrics, 22, 323-338.
    • (1983) Journal of Econometrics , vol.22 , pp. 323-338
    • Greenwald, B.C.1
  • 22
    • 0038758275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing fear to commit felony theft
    • P. Cromwell (Ed.). Los Angeles: Roxbury
    • rd ed.) (pp. 87-98). Los Angeles: Roxbury.
    • (2003) rd Ed.) , pp. 87-98
    • Hochstetler, A.1    Copes, J.H.2
  • 23
    • 0003559593 scopus 로고
    • New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Hsiao, C. (1986). Analysis of panel data. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1986) Analysis of Panel Data
    • Hsiao, C.1
  • 26
    • 0347775974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty years of criminal law: An opinionated review
    • Kadish, S.H. (1999). Fifty years of criminal law: An opinionated review. University of California Law Review, 87, 943-1010.
    • (1999) University of California Law Review , vol.87 , pp. 943-1010
    • Kadish, S.H.1
  • 28
    • 0039605937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • th ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1998) th Ed.)
    • Kennedy, P.1
  • 30
    • 0039296704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of Florida's habitual offender law on crime
    • Kovandzic, T.V. (2001). The impact of Florida's habitual offender law on crime. Criminology, 39, 179-204.
    • (2001) Criminology , vol.39 , pp. 179-204
    • Kovandzic, T.V.1
  • 31
    • 85050422375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right-to-carry concealed handguns and violent crime: Crime control through gun decontrol?
    • Kovandzic, T.V., & Marvell, T. B. (2003). Right-to-carry concealed handguns and violent crime: Crime control through gun decontrol? Criminology and Public Policy, 2, 363-396.
    • (2003) Criminology and Public Policy , vol.2 , pp. 363-396
    • Kovandzic, T.V.1    Marvell, T.B.2
  • 32
    • 85044813385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unintended consequences of politically popular sentencing policy: The homicide promoting effects of "Three Strikes" laws in U.S. Cities (1980-1999)
    • Kovandzic, T.V., Sloan, J.J., & Vieraitis, L.M. (2002). Unintended consequences of politically popular sentencing policy: The homicide promoting effects of "Three Strikes" laws in U.S. cities (1980-1999). Criminology and Public Policy, 1, 399424.
    • (2002) Criminology and Public Policy , vol.1 , pp. 399424
    • Kovandzic, T.V.1    Sloan, J.J.2    Vieraitis, L.M.3
  • 33
    • 0040041746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structural covariates of urban homicide: Reassessing the impact of income inequality and poverty in the post-Reagan era
    • Kovandzic, T.V., Vieraitis, L.M., & Yeisley, M.R. (1998). The structural covariates of urban homicide: Reassessing the impact of income inequality and poverty in the post-Reagan era. Criminology, 36, 569-599.
    • (1998) Criminology , vol.36 , pp. 569-599
    • Kovandzic, T.V.1    Vieraitis, L.M.2    Yeisley, M.R.3
  • 34
    • 84936823497 scopus 로고
    • Structural covariates of homicide rates: Are there any invariances across time and social space?
    • Land, K.C., McCall, P.L., & Cohen, L.E. (1990). Structural covariates of homicide rates: Are there any invariances across time and social space? American Journal of Sociology, 95, 922-963.
    • (1990) American Journal of Sociology , vol.95 , pp. 922-963
    • Land, K.C.1    McCall, P.L.2    Cohen, L.E.3
  • 35
    • 0039545491 scopus 로고
    • Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties
    • University of California, Department of Economics, San Diego, CA
    • Levin, A., & Lin, C.F. (1992). Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Discussion paper No. 92-93. University of California, Department of Economics, San Diego, CA.
    • (1992) Discussion Paper No. 92-93 , vol.92 , Issue.93
    • Levin, A.1    Lin, C.F.2
  • 36
    • 0039863974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of prison population size on crime rates: Evidence from prison overcrowding litigation
    • Levitt, S.D. (1996). The effect of prison population size on crime rates: Evidence from prison overcrowding litigation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111, 319351.
    • (1996) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.111 , pp. 319351
    • Levitt, S.D.1
  • 37
    • 0040017894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The limited role of changing age structure in explaining aggregate crime rates
    • Levitt, S.D. (1999). The limited role of changing age structure in explaining aggregate crime rates. Criminology, 37, 581-599.
    • (1999) Criminology , vol.37 , pp. 581-599
    • Levitt, S.D.1
  • 38
    • 0038954679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime, deterrence, and right-to-carry concealed handguns
    • Lott, J.R., & Mustard, D.B. (1997). Crime, deterrence, and right-to-carry concealed handguns. Journal of Legal Studies, 26, 1-68.
    • (1997) Journal of Legal Studies , vol.26 , pp. 1-68
    • Lott, J.R.1    Mustard, D.B.2
  • 39
    • 0034596248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homicide and suicide rates associated with implementation of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act
    • Ludwig, J., & Cook, P.J. (2000). Homicide and suicide rates associated with implementation of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284, 585-591.
    • (2000) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.284 , pp. 585-591
    • Ludwig, J.1    Cook, P.J.2
  • 40
    • 3242774480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striking out: The failure of California's three strikes and you're out law
    • Males, M., & Macallair, D. (1999). Striking out: The failure of California's three strikes and you're out law. Stanford Law and Policy Review, 11, 65-102.
    • (1999) Stanford Law and Policy Review , vol.11 , pp. 65-102
    • Males, M.1    Macallair, D.2
  • 42
    • 84984283153 scopus 로고
    • The impact of enhanced prison terms for felonies committed with guns
    • Marvell, T. B., & Moody, C.E. (1995). The impact of enhanced prison terms for felonies committed with guns. Criminology, 33, 247-281.
    • (1995) Criminology , vol.33 , pp. 247-281
    • Marvell, T.B.1    Moody, C.E.2
  • 43
    • 0038877947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specification problems, police levels, and crime rates
    • Marvell, T. B., & Moody, C.E. (1996). Specification problems, police levels, and crime rates. Criminology, 34, 609-646.
    • (1996) Criminology , vol.34 , pp. 609-646
    • Marvell, T.B.1    Moody, C.E.2
  • 44
    • 0001553432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of prison growth on homicides
    • Marvell, T. B., & Moody, C.E. (1997). The impact of prison growth on homicides. Homicide Studies, 1, 205-233.
    • (1997) Homicide Studies , vol.1 , pp. 205-233
    • Marvell, T.B.1    Moody, C.E.2
  • 45
    • 0041181065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of out-of-state prison population on state homicide rates: Displacement and free-rider effects
    • Marvell, T. B., & Moody, C.E. (1998). The impact of out-of-state prison population on state homicide rates: Displacement and free-rider effects. Criminology, 36, 513-535.
    • (1998) Criminology , vol.36 , pp. 513-535
    • Marvell, T.B.1    Moody, C.E.2
  • 48
    • 22844455317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of youth curfew laws on juvenile crime rates
    • McDowall, D., Loftin, C., & Wiersema, B. (2000). The impact of youth curfew laws on juvenile crime rates. Crime & Delinquency, 46, 76-91.
    • (2000) Crime & Delinquency , vol.46 , pp. 76-91
    • McDowall, D.1    Loftin, C.2    Wiersema, B.3
  • 49
    • 0346131960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for the effects of concealed weapons' laws: Specification errors and robustness
    • Moody, C.E. (2001). Testing for the effects of concealed weapons' laws: Specification errors and robustness. Journal of Law and Economics, 44, 799-813.
    • (2001) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.44 , pp. 799-813
    • Moody, C.E.1
  • 50
    • 0000265332 scopus 로고
    • An illustration of a pitfall in estimating the effects of aggregate variables on micro units
    • Moulton, B.R. (1990). An illustration of a pitfall in estimating the effects of aggregate variables on micro units. Review of Economics and Statistics, 72, 334338.
    • (1990) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.72 , pp. 334338
    • Moulton, B.R.1
  • 52
    • 0001398215 scopus 로고
    • Co-offending and criminal careers
    • M. Tonry and N. Morris (Eds.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Reiss, A.J. (1988). Co-offending and criminal careers. In M. Tonry and N. Morris (Eds.) Crime and justice: A review of research (vol. 10) (pp. 117-170). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1988) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research , vol.10 , pp. 117-170
    • Reiss, A.J.1
  • 53
    • 0002463416 scopus 로고
    • Crime in cities
    • A.J. Reiss, Jr. and M. Tonry (Eds.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Sampson, R.J. (1986). Crime in cities. In A.J. Reiss, Jr. and M. Tonry (Eds.) Communities and crime (pp. 271-312). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1986) Communities and Crime , pp. 271-312
    • Sampson, R.J.1
  • 55
    • 0032196664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three strikes and you're out: Demographic analysis of mandatory prison sentencing
    • Schmertmann, C.P., Amankwaa, A.A., & Long, R.D. (1998). Three strikes and you're out: Demographic analysis of mandatory prison sentencing. Demography, 35, 445-463.
    • (1998) Demography , vol.35 , pp. 445-463
    • Schmertmann, C.P.1    Amankwaa, A.A.2    Long, R.D.3
  • 57
    • 0013254432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear of the first strike: The full deterrent effect of California's two- And three-strikes legislation
    • Shepherd, J.M. (2002). Fear of the first strike: The full deterrent effect of California's two- and three-strikes legislation. Journal of Legal Studies, 31, 159-201.
    • (2002) Journal of Legal Studies , vol.31 , pp. 159-201
    • Shepherd, J.M.1
  • 58
    • 0038921102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three strikes as public policy: Future implications
    • D. Shichor and D.K. Sechrest (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
    • Shichor, D., & Sechrest, D.K. (1996). Three strikes as public policy: Future implications. In D. Shichor and D.K. Sechrest (Eds.), Three strikes and you're out: Vengeance as public policy (pp. 265-277). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    • (1996) Three Strikes and You're Out: Vengeance as Public Policy , pp. 265-277
    • Shichor, D.1    Sechrest, D.K.2
  • 60
    • 28444459105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The socially bounded decision making of persistent property offenders
    • P. Cromwell (Ed.). Los Angeles: Roxbury
    • Shover, N., & Honaker, D. (1999). The socially bounded decision making of persistent property offenders. In P. Cromwell (Ed.), In their own words: Criminals on crime (pp. 10-22). Los Angeles: Roxbury.
    • (1999) Their Own Words: Criminals on Crime , pp. 10-22
    • Shover, N.1    Honaker, D.2
  • 61
    • 0031494072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three strikes and you're out: The impact of California's new mandatory sentencing law on serious crime rates
    • Stolzenberg, L., & d D'Alessio, S.J. (1997). Three strikes and you're out: The impact of California's new mandatory sentencing law on serious crime rates. Crime & Delinquency, 43, 457-469.
    • (1997) Crime & Delinquency , vol.43 , pp. 457-469
    • Stolzenberg, L.1    D D'Alessio, S.J.2
  • 63
  • 64
    • 0004036728 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • United States Bureau of the Census (1983). County and City Data Book: 1983. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1983) County and City Data Book: 1983
  • 65
    • 0004036728 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • United States Bureau of the Census. (1994). County and City Data Book: 1994. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1994) County and City Data Book: 1994
  • 66
    • 0142101861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • United States Department of Justice (2003). Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Annual Report 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (2003) Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Annual Report 2000
  • 67
    • 0002242410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Income inequality and violent crime: A review of the empirical evidence
    • Vieraitis, L.M. (2000). Income inequality and violent crime: A review of the empirical evidence. Social Pathology: A Journal of Reviews, 6, 24-45.
    • (2000) Social Pathology: A Journal of Reviews , vol.6 , pp. 24-45
    • Vieraitis, L.M.1
  • 68
  • 69
    • 0003773429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belmont, CA: Wadsworth
    • th ed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
    • (2001) th Ed).
    • Walker, S.1
  • 77
    • 0030534750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are real exchange rates nonstationary? Evidence from a panel data set
    • Wu, Y. (1996). Are real exchange rates nonstationary? Evidence from a panel data set. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 28, 54-63.
    • (1996) Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking , vol.28 , pp. 54-63
    • Wu, Y.1
  • 79
    • 28444441485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new politics of criminal justice: Of three strikes, truth-insentencing, and Megan's laws
    • National Institute of Justice (Ed.). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice
    • Zimring, F.E. (2001). The new politics of criminal justice: Of three strikes, truth-insentencing, and Megan's laws. In National Institute of Justice (Ed.), Perspectives on crime and justice: 1999-2000 lecture series (pp. 1-22). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    • (2001) Perspectives on Crime and Justice: 1999-2000 Lecture Series , pp. 1-22
    • Zimring, F.E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.