Lifestyle modification and progressive renal failure

Nephrology

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 387-392

  Ritz, Eberhard ^a,b   Schwenger, Vedat ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^b Nierenzentrum   (Germany)

Author keywords

Alcohol; Dietary salt; Obesity; Progression; Smoking

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUSE OF DEATH; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; HUMAN; KIDNEY FAILURE; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SALT INTAKE; SMOKING;

ALCOHOL DRINKING; CHRONIC DISEASE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIFE STYLE; OBESITY; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; SODIUM CHLORIDE, DIETARY;

EID: 28444470779     PISSN: 13205358     EISSN: 14401797     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2005.00439.x     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Ritz E, Orth SR. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 1999; 341: 1127-33.
2. Ritz E, Rychlik I, Locatelli F, Halimi S. End-stage renal failure in type 2 diabetes: A medical catastrophe of worldwide dimensions. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1999; 34: 795-808.
3. Health TNIo. Unites States Renal Data System Annual Data Report. 2001.
4. Gilbertson DT, Xue JL, Collins AJ. The increasing burden of diabetes in the United States ESRD patients. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2002; 13: 646A.
5. Schwenger V, Mussig C, Hergesell O, Zeier M, Ritz E. [Incidence and clinical characteristics of renal insufficiency in diabetic patients]. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 2001; 126: 1322-6.
6. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 2001; 414: 782-7.
7. Panzram G. Mortality and survival in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1987; 30: 123-31.
8. Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 344: 1343-50.
9. Bo-Abbas YY. Diabetes prevention. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002; 346: 1829-30; author reply 1829-1830.
10. Ritz E. Minor renal dysfunction: An emerging independent cardiovascular risk factor. Heart 2003; 89: 963-4.
11. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC et al. Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: A statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Hypertension 2003; 42: 1050-65.
12. Ritz E, McClellan WM. Overview. Increased cardiovascular risk in patients with minor renal dysfunction: An emerging issue with far-reaching consequences. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2004; 15: 513-16.
13. Christiansen JS. Cigarette smoking and prevalence of microangiopathy in juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1978; 1: 146-9.
14. Keller CK, Bergis KH, Fliser D, Ritz E. Renal findings in patients with short-term type 2 diabetes. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1996; 7: 2627-35.
15. Biesenbach G, Grafinger P, Janko O, Zazgornik J. Influence of cigarette-smoking on the progress ion of clinical diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Clin. Nephrol. 1997; 48: 146-50.
16. Orth SR, Ritz E. The renal risks of smoking: An update. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 2002; 11: 483-8.
17. Orth SR, Stockmann A, Conradt C et al. Smoking as a risk factor for end-stage renal failure in men with primary renal disease. Kidney Int. 1998; 54: 926-31.
18. Briganti EM, Branley P, Chadban SJ, Shaw JE, McNeil JJ, Welborn TA, Atkins RC. Smoking is associated with renal impairment and proteinuria in the normal population: The AusDiab Kidney Study. Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2002; 40: 704-12.
19. Orth SR, Ritz E. Adverse effect of smoking on renal function in the general population: Are men at higher risk? Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2002; 40: 864-6.
20. Tozawa M, Iseki K, Iseki C, Oshiro S, Ikemiya Y, Takishita S. Influence of smoking and obesity on the development of proteinuria. Kidney Int. 2002; 62: 956-62.
21. Samuelsson O, Attman PO. Is smoking a risk factor for progression of chronic renal failure? Kidney Int. 2000; 58: 2597.
22. Chuahirun T, Wesson DE. Cigarette smoking predicts faster progression of type 2 established diabetic nephropathy despite ACE inhibition. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2002; 39: 376-82.
23. Bleyer AJ, Shemanski LR, Burke GL, Hansen KJ, Appel RG. Tobacco, hypertension, and vascular disease: Risk factors for renal functional decline in an older population. Kidney Int. 2000; 57: 2072-9.
24. Stengel B, Tarver-Carr ME, Powe NR, Eberhardt MS, Brancati FL. Lifestyle factors, obesity and the risk of chronic kidney disease. Epidemiology 2003; 14: 479-87.
25. Haroun MK, Jaar BG, Hoffman SC, Comstock GW, Klag MJ, Coresh J. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease: A prospective study of 23 534 men and women in Washington County, Maryland. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2003; 14: 2934-41.
26. Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Janssen WM, Hillege HL, Navis G, De Zeeuw D, De Jong PE. Urinary albumin excretion is associated with renal functional abnormalities in a nondiabetic population. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2000; 11: 1882-8.
27. Halimi JM, Giraudeau B, Vol S, Caces E, Nivet H, Tichet J. The risk of hypertension in men: direct and indirect effects of chronic smoking. J. Hypertens. 2002; 20: 187-93.
28. Halimi JM, Giraudeau B, Vol S et al. Effects of current smoking and smoking discontinuation on renal function and proteinuria in the general population. Kidney Int. 2000; 58: 1285-92.
29. Ritz E, Benck U, Franek E, Keller C, Seyfarth M, Clorius J. Effects of smoking on renal hemodynamics in healthy volunteers and in patients with glomerular disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1998; 9: 1798-804.
30. Gambaro G, Verlato F, Budakovic A et al. Renal impairment in chronic cigarette smokers. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1998; 9: 562-7.
31. Lhotta K, Rumpelt HJ, Konig P, Mayer G, Kronenberg F. Cigarette smoking and vascular pathology in renal biopsies. Kidney Int. 2002; 61: 648-54.
32. Benck U, Clorius JH, Zuna I, Ritz E. Renal hemodynamic changes during smoking: Effects of adrenoreceptor blockade. Eur J. Clin. Invest. 1999; 29: 1010-18.
33. Orth SR, Ritz E, Schrier RW. The renal risks of smoking. Kidney Int. 1997; 51: 1669-77.
34. Janssen U, Riley SG, Vassiliadou A, Floege J, Phillips AO. Hypertension superimposed on type II diabetes in Goto Kakizaki rats induces progressive nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2003; 63: 2162-70.
35. Sawicki PT, Didjurgeit U, Muhlhauser I, Bender R, Heinemann L, Berger M. Smoking is associated with progression of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Care 1994; 17: 126-31.
36. Metcalf P, Baker J, Scott A, Wild C, Scragg R, Dryson E. Albuminuria in people at least 40 years old: Effect of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Clin. Chem. 1992; 38: 1802-8.
37. Ramirez SP, McClellan W, Port FK, Hsu SI. Risk factors for proteinuria in a large, multiracial, southeast Asian population. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2002; 13: 1907-17.
38. Morales E, Valero MA, Leon M, Hernandez E, Praga M. Beneficial effects of weight loss in overweight patients with chronic proteinuric nephropathies. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2003; 41: 319-27.
39. Iseki K, Ikemiya Y, Kinjo K, Inoue T, Iseki C, Takishita S. Body mass index and the risk of development of end-stage renal disease in a screened cohort. Kidney Int. 2004; 65: 1870-76.
40. Weisinger JR, Kempson RL, Eldridge FL, Swenson RS. The nephrotic syndrome: A complication of massive obesity. Ann. Intern. Med. 1974; 81: 440-47.
41. Praga M, Hernandez E, Herrero JC et al. Influence of obesity on the appearance of proteinuria and renal insufficiency after unilateral nephrectomy. Kidney Int. 2000; 58: 2111-18.
42. Praga M, Hernandez E, Morales E et al. Clinical features and long-term outcome of obesity-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2001; 16: 1790-98.
43. Bonnet F, Deprele C, Sassolas A et al. Excessive body weight as a new independent risk factor for clinical and pathological progression in primary IgA nephritis. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2001; 37: 720-27.
44. Meier-Kriesche HU, Arndorfer JA, Kaplan B. The impact of body mass index on renal transplant outcomes: A significant independent risk factor for graft failure and patient death. Transplantation 2002; 73: 70-74.
45. Sayer AA, Syddall HE, Dennison EM et al. Birth weight, weight at 1 y of age, and body composition in older men: Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004; 80: 199-203.
46. Keller G, Zimmer G, Mall G, Ritz E, Amann K. Nephron number in patients with primary hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003; 348: 101-8.
47. Brenner BM, Garcia DL, Anderson S. Glomeruli and blood pressure. Less of one, more the other? Am. J. Hypertens. 1988; 1: 335-47.
48. Wolf G, Chen S, Han DC, Ziyadeh FN. Leptin and renal disease. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2002; 39: 1-11.
49. Nishida M, Miyagawa JI, Tokunaga K et al. Early morphologic changes of atherosclerosis induced by ventromedial hypothalamic lesion in the spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1997; 129: 200-7.
50. Praga M. Obesity - a neglected culprit in renal disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2002; 17: 1157-9.
51. Esposito K, Giugliano F, Di Palo C et al. Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunction in obese men: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291: 2978-84.
52. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Block G, Humphreys MH, Kopple JD. Reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2003; 63: 793-808.
53. Klahr S, Levey AS, Beck GJ et al. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 1994; 330: 877-84.
54. Waugh NR, Robertson AM. Protein restriction for diabetic renal disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.: CD002181, 2000.
55. Mitch WE. Dietary therapy in uremia: The impact on nutrition and progressive renal failure. Kidney Int. Suppl. 2000; 75: S38-43.
56. Benstein JA, Feiner HD, Parker M, Dworkin LD. Superiority of salt restriction over diuretics in reducing renal hypertrophy and injury in uninephrectomized SHR. Am. J. Physiol. 1990; 258: F1675-81.
57. Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM et al. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 344: 3-10.
58. du Cailar G, Gallay P, Ribstein J, Daures JP, Grolleau R, Mimran A. [Myocardial morphological changes related to sodium intake in normotensive and hypertensive patients never treated before]. Arch. Mal. Coeur Vaiss. 1990; 83: 2045-9.
59. Jover B, Dupont M, Geelen G, Wahba W, Mimran A, Corman B. Renal and systemic adaptation to sodium restriction in aging rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1993; 264: R833-8.
60. Tuomilehto J, Jousilahti P, Rastenyte D et al. Urinary sodium excretion and cardiovascular mortality in Finland: A prospective study. Lancet 2001; 357: 848-51.
61. He FJ, MacGregor GA. How far should salt intake be reduced? Hypertension 2003; 42: 1093-9.
62. He J, Ogden LG, Vupputuri S, Bazzano LA, Loria C, Whelton PK. Dietary sodium intake and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease in overweight adults. JAMA 1999; 282: 2027-34.
63. Kreutz R, Fernandez-Alfonso MS, Liu Y, Ganten D, Paul M. Induction of cardiac angiotensin 1-converting enzyme with dietary NaCl-loading in genetically hypertensive and normotensive rats. J. Mol. Med. 1995; 73: 243-8.
64. Campese VM, Mozayeni P, Ye S, Gumbard M. High salt intake inhibits nitric oxide synthase expression and aggravates hypertension in rats with chronic renal failure. J. Nephrol. 2002; 15: 407-13.
65. Takeda Y, Yoneda T, Demura M, Miyamori I, Mabuchi H. Sodium-induced cardiac aldosterone synthesis causes cardiac hypertrophy. Endocrinology 2000; 141: 1901-04.
66. Dworkin LD, Benstein JA, Tolbert E, Feiner HD. Salt restriction inhibits renal growth and stabilizes injury in rats with established renal disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1996; 7: 437-42.
67. Lax DS, Benstein JA, Tolbert E, Dworkin LD. Effects of salt restriction on renal growth and glomerular injury in rats with remnant kidneys. Kidney Int. 1992; 41: 1527-34.
68. Wagner L, Riggleman A, Erdely A, Couser W, Baylis C. Reduced nitric oxide synthase activity in rats with chronic renal disease due to glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 2002; 62: 532-6.
69. Fujihara CK, Michellazzo SM, de Nucci G, Zatz R. Sodium excess aggravates hypertension and renal parenchymal injury in rats with chronic NO inhibition. Am. J. Physiol. 1994; 266: F697-705.
70. Suzuki H, Yamamoto T, Ikegaya N, Hishida A. Dietary salt intake modulates progression of antithymocyte serum nephritis through alteration of glomerular angiotensin 11 receptor expression. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2004; 286: F267-77.
71. Ying WZ, Sanders PW. Dietary salt modulates renal production of transforming growth factor-beta in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1998; 274: F635-41.
72. Sanders PW. Salt intake, endothelial cell signaling, and progression of kidney disease. Hypertension 2004; 43: 142-6.
73. Kitiyakara C, Chabrashvili T, Chen Y et al. Salt intake, oxidative stress, and renal expression of NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2003; 14: 2775-82.
74. Kuriyama S, Tomonari H, Ohtsuka Y, Yamagishi H, Ohkido I, Hosoya T. [Salt intake and the progression of chronic renal diseases]. Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 2003; 45: 751-8.
75. Renaud S, de Lorgeril M. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet 1992; 339: 1523-6.
76. McElduff P, Dobson AJ. How much alcohol and how often? Population based case-control study of alcohol consumption and risk of a major coronary event. BMJ 1997; 314: 1159-64.
77. Malinski MK, Sesso HD, Lopez-Jimenez F, Buring JE, Gaziano JM. Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease mortality in hypertensive men. Arch. Intern. Med. 2004; 164: 623-8.
78. Di Castelnuovo A, Rotondo S, lacoviello L, Donati MB, De Gaetano G. Meta-analysis of wine and beer consumption in relation to vascular risk. Circulation 2002; 105: 2836-44.
79. Rosenkranz S, Knirel D, Dietrich H, Flesch M, Erdmann E, Bohm M. Inhibition of the PDGF receptor by red wine flavonoids provides a molecular explanation for the Trench paradox'. FASEB J 2002; 16: 1958-60.
80. Gronbaek M, Deis A, Sorensen TI, Becker U, Schnohr P, Jensen G. Mortality associated with moderate intakes of wine, beer, or spirits. BMJ 1995; 310: 1165-9.
81. Keil U, Chambless LE, Doring A, Filipiak B, Stieber J. The relation of alcohol intake to coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality in a beer-drinking population. Epidemiology 1997; 8: 150-56.
82. Renaud SC, Beswick AD, Fehily AM, Sharp DS, Elwood PC. Alcohol and platelet aggregation: The Caerphilly Prospective Heart Disease Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1992; 55: 1012-17.
83. de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Boucher F, Paillard F, de Leiris J. Wine drinking and risks of cardiovascular complications after recent acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2002; 106: 1465-9.
84. Mukamal KJ, Maclure M, Muller JE, Sherwood JB, Mittleman MA. Prior alcohol consumption and mortality following acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 2001; 285: 1965-70.
85. Niroomand F, Hauer O, Tiefenbacher CP, Katus HA, Kuebler W. Influence of alcohol consumption on restenosis rate after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stent implantation. Heart 2004; 90: 1189-93.
86. Peters H, Martini S, Woydt R et al. Moderate alcohol intake has no impact on acute and chronic progressive anti-thyl glomerulonephritis. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2003; 284: F1105-14.
87. Tesar V, Zima T, Poledne R, Stejskalova A, Stipek S, Teminova J. The influence of chronic ethanol administration on adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats. Alcohol Alcohol 1995; 30: 47-53.
88. Araya J, Rodrigo R, Orellana M, Garcia V. Effects of red wine consumption on kidney FA composition. Lipids 2003; 38: 275-9.
89. Rodrigo R, Rivera G. Renal damage mediated by oxidative stress: a hypothesis of protective effects of red wine. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2002; 33: 409-22.
90. Perneger TV, Whelton PK, Puddey IB, Klag MJ. Risk of end-stage renal disease associated with alcohol consumption. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1999; 150: 1275-81.
91. Vupputuri S, Sandier DP. Lifestyle risk factors and chronic kidney disease. Ann. Epidemiol. 2003; 13: 712-20.
92. Knight EL, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB, Hankinson SE, Curhan GC. Moderate alcohol intake and renal function decline in women: a prospective study. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2003; 18: 1549-54.
93. Kubo M, Kiyohara Y, Kato I et al. Risk factors for renal glomerular and vascular changes in an autopsy-based population survey: The Hisayama study. Kidney Int. 2003; 63: 1508-15.