Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of ptosis

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

Volumn 16, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 351-355

  Baroody, Michael ^a   Holds, John B ^b,d   Vick, Valerie L ^c  

^a DANBURY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c Premier Medical Eye Group   (United States)

^d NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Aponeurosis; Autologous fascia lata; Blepharoptosis; Frontalis; Levator allografts

Indexed keywords

LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT;

ALLOGRAFT; APONEUROSIS; CADAVER; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CONVALESCENCE; ECCHYMOSIS; EDEMA; FASCIA LATA; HUMAN; MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY; MUSCLE FLAP; OPERATION DURATION; PATIENT CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PTOSIS; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SUTURE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UPPER EYELID;

BLEPHAROPTOSIS; DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, OPHTHALMOLOGICAL; HUMANS; OPHTHALMOLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES;

EID: 28444456044     PISSN: 10408738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.icu.0000186647.00413.21     Document Type: Review

References (21)

1. Frueh BR. The mechanistic classification of ptosis. Ophthalmology 1980; 87:1019-1021.
2. Berke RN, Wadsworth JAC. Histology of the levator muscle in congenital and acquired ptosis. Arch Ophthalmol 1955; 33:413-428.
3. Hosal BM, Ayer NG, Zilelioglu G, Elhan AH. Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the levator aponeurosis in congenital and aponeurotic blepharoptosis. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2004; 20:308-311. Shows that measurement of the thickness of the levator aponeurosis is possible with ultrasound biomicroscopy and that the levator aponeurosis is thinned in both congenital and acquired ptosis.
4. Wilson ME, Johnson RW. Congenital ptosis: long-term results of treatment using lyophilized fascia lata for frontalis suspensions. Ophthalmology 1991 ; 98:1234-1237.
5. Arslan E, Demirkan F, Unal S, et al. Enhanced frontalis sling with double-fixed, solvent-dehydrated cadaveric fascia lata allograft in the management of eye ptosis. J Craniofac Surg 2004; 15:960-964; discussion 965-966, Authors provide case reports of their three patients with difficult ptosis treated with cadaveric fascia lata suspension. Reminds readers of the role of this material in ptosis therapy.
6. Bajaj M, Pushker N, Mahindrakar A, Balasubramanya R. Advancement of Whitnall's ligament via the conjunctival approach for correction of congenital ptosis. Orbit 2004; 23:153-159. Authors present their experience with a conjunctival approach to ptosis repair, analogous to the Whitnall's sling technique commonly performed through an external aponeurotic approach.
7. Bajaj MS, Sastry SS, Ghose S, et al. Evaluation of polytetrafluoroethylene suture for frontalis suspension as compared to polybutylate-coated braided polyester. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2004; 32:415-419. Authors compared these materials in suture frontalis suspension, noting the safety and efficacy of polytetrafluoroethylene suture, with good follow-up.
8. Ramirez OM, Pena G. Frontalis muscle advancement: a dynamic structure for the treatment of severe congenital eyelid ptosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004; 113:1841-1849; discussion 1850-1851. Authors present their technique for frontalis muscle advancement into the eyelid as a substitute for frontalis suspension in severe congenital ptosis.
9. Lucarelli MJ, Lemke BN. Small incision external levator repair: technique and early results. Am J Ophthalmol 1999; 127:637-644.
10. Yip CC, Goldberg RA, Cook TL, McCann JD. Incision-less frontalis suspension. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88:585-586. The authors describe a modification of the suture frontalis sling technique for infants using a Keith needle and monofilament suture through puncture wounds only.
11. Patrinely JR, Anderson RL. The septal pulley in frontalis suspension. Arch Ophthalmol 1986; 104:1707-1710.
12. Anderson RL, Beard C. The levator aponeurosis: attachments and their clinical significance. Arch Ophthalmol 1977; 95:1437-1441.
13. Baroody M, Holds JB, Sakamoto DK, et al. Small incision transcutaneous levator aponeurotic repair for blepharoptosis. Ann Plast Surg 2004; 52:558-561. A review of 91 patients treated with the small incision surgical technique showed this to be a safe, precise, and efficient technique that the authors found superior to traditional larger incision aponeurotic repair.
14. Frueh BR, Musch DC, McDonald HM. Efficacy and efficiency of a small-incision, minimal dissection procedure versus a traditional approach for correcting aponeurotic ptosis. Ophthalmology 2004; 111:2158-2163. Noted safety and efficacy of this technique with improved eyelid contour and shortened surgery times, when compared with traditional external approaches to aponeurotic repair.
15. Kakizaki H, Zako M, Ide A, et al. Causes of undercorrection of medial palpebral fissures in blepharoptosis surgery. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2004; 20:198-201, Reinforces the clinical finding that greater thinning of the medial horn of the levator aponeurosis is routine in involutional ptosis, and appropriate surgical repair is required to achieve ideal results in ptosis surgery.
16. Ahmadi AJ, Saari JC, Mozaffarian D, et al. Decreased carotenoid content in preaponeurotic orbital fat of patients with involutional ptosis. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 21:46-51. Decreased carotenoid content in ptosis patients' preaponeurotic fat is intriguing. Whether this trend holds and proves to have a fundamental relationship to involutional ptosis remains to be seen.
17. Paris GL, Quickert MH. Disinsertion of the levator aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle after cataract extraction. Am J Ophthalmol 1976; 81:337-340.
18. Altieri M, Truscott E, Kingston AE, et al. Ptosis secondary to anterior segment surgery and its repair in a two-year follow-up study. Ophthalmologica 2005; 219:129-135. Reinforces clinical finding of ptosis after cataract and other intraocular surgery.
19. Wasserman BN, Bigler B, Nipper K. Unexpected outcomes associated with laser in situ keratomileusis: ptosis, anisocoria, and 'curing' of exotropia. J Cataract Refract Surg 2005; 31:1 238-1 241. Anecdotal report of ptosis following LASIK surgery.
20. Shao W, Byrne P, Harrison A, et al. Persistent blurred vision after blepharoplasty and ptosis repair. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2004; 6:1 55-1 57. Important objective and subjective data on postoperative astigmatic and visual changes after ptosis surgery show the probability of these changes and their expected course.
21. Erb MH, Kersten RC, Yip CC, et al. Effect of unilateral blepharoptosis repair on contralateral eyelid position. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2004; 20:418-422. Counters existing studies in suggesting that preoperative attempts to predict a Hering dependence in height of the opposing eyelid are not predictive of contra-lateral ptosis after unilateral surgery.