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1
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28444442117
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note
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An underrate is sometimes called an unrecorded vote because it is defined as the case where a voter has cast a ballot but no vote is shown for the office in question (in this case the president). There is a working assumption employed that persons showing up to vote in a presidential election intend to vote for a presidential candidate.
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2
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28444465683
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Goodbye chads, butterfly ballots, overvotes, and recount ruckuses! Election reform in Florida, 2001 to 2003
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ed. Daniel J. Palazzolo and James W. Ceaser Lanham, MD: Lexington Books
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Susan A. McManus, "Goodbye Chads, Butterfly Ballots, Overvotes, and Recount Ruckuses! Election Reform in Florida, 2001 to 2003," Election Reform: Politics and Policy, ed. Daniel J. Palazzolo and James W. Ceaser (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2005), pp. 37-58.
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(2005)
Election Reform: Politics and Policy
, pp. 37-58
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McManus, S.A.1
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3
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28444447257
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Election reform after the 2000 election
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ed. Palazzolo and Ceaser
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Daniel J. Palazzolo, "Election Reform After the 2000 Election," Election Reform, ed. Palazzolo and Ceaser, p. 4.
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Election Reform
, pp. 4
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Palazzolo, D.J.1
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4
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0346225372
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The diffusion of innovations among the American states
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September
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See, e.g., Jack L. Walker, "The Diffusion of Innovations among the American States," American Political Science Review 63 (September 1969): 1186-1191;
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(1969)
American Political Science Review
, vol.63
, pp. 1186-1191
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Walker, J.L.1
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5
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84976184673
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Innovation in the states: A diffusion study
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December
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Virginia Gray, "Innovation in the States: A Diffusion Study," American Political Science Review 67 (December 1973): 1174-1185.
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(1973)
American Political Science Review
, vol.67
, pp. 1174-1185
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Gray, V.1
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6
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84971812722
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State lottery adoptions as policy innovations: An event history analysis
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June
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Frances Stokes Berry and William D. Berry, "State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis," American Political Science Review 84 (June 1990): 395.
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(1990)
American Political Science Review
, vol.84
, pp. 395
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Berry, F.S.1
Berry, W.D.2
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10
-
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84971151427
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Patterns of adoption of tort law innovations
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September
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Bradley C. Canon and Lawrence Baum, "Patterns of Adoption of Tort Law Innovations," American Political Science Review 75 (September 1981): 975-987;
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(1981)
American Political Science Review
, vol.75
, pp. 975-987
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Canon, B.C.1
Baum, L.2
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11
-
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0011308524
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Interstate communication among state legislators regarding energy policy innovation
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Fall
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Patricia K. Freeman, "Interstate Communication among State Legislators regarding Energy Policy Innovation," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 15 (Fall 1985): 99-111;
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(1985)
Publius: The Journal of Federalism
, vol.15
, pp. 99-111
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Freeman, P.K.1
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13
-
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84901548308
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Variations in elite perceptions of American states as referents for public policy making
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September
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Fred W. Grupp Jr. and Alan R. Richards, "Variations in Elite Perceptions of American States as Referents for Public Policy Making," American Political Science Review 69 (September 1975): 850-858;
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(1975)
American Political Science Review
, vol.69
, pp. 850-858
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Grupp Jr., F.W.1
Richards, A.R.2
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14
-
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84925925158
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State policy responses to the energy issue
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March
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James L. Regens, "State Policy Responses to the Energy Issue," Social Science Quarterly 61 (March 1980): 44-57;
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(1980)
Social Science Quarterly
, vol.61
, pp. 44-57
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-
Regens, J.L.1
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15
-
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84925922855
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Consumer legislation in the American states: An attempt at explanation
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March
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Lee Sigelman and Roland Smith, "Consumer Legislation in the American States: An Attempt at Explanation," Social Science Quarterly 61 (March 1980): 58-70;
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(1980)
Social Science Quarterly
, vol.61
, pp. 58-70
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Sigelman, L.1
Smith, R.2
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16
-
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0020409174
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Social service innovation in the American states
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September
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Lee Sigelman, Phillip W. Roeder, and Carol Sigelman, "Social Service Innovation in the American States," Social Science Quarterly 62 (September 1981): 503-515.
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(1981)
Social Science Quarterly
, vol.62
, pp. 503-515
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Sigelman, L.1
Roeder, P.W.2
Sigelman, C.3
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23
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28444490543
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note
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Note that the cumulative number of states in the graph does not reach fifty, even with future projections. This is due to the fact that a handful of states have idiosyncratic registration processes that make a statewide database unworkable. For example, some states have same-day registration.
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27
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0031285004
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Policy entrepreneurs and the diffusion of innovation
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July
-
See also Michael Mintrom, "Policy Entrepreneurs and the Diffusion of Innovation," American Journal of Political Science 41 (July 1997): 738-770;
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(1997)
American Journal of Political Science
, vol.41
, pp. 738-770
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Mintrom, M.1
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28
-
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0032219937
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Policy networks and innovation diffusion: The case of education reforms
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February
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Michael Mintrom and Sandra Vergari, "Policy Networks and Innovation Diffusion: The Case of Education Reforms," Journal of Politics 60 (February 1998): 126-148.
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(1998)
Journal of Politics
, vol.60
, pp. 126-148
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Mintrom, M.1
Vergari, S.2
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31
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0036004244
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The politics of competitive federalism: A race to the bottom in welfare benefits?
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April
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Craig Volden, "The Politics of Competitive Federalism: A Race to the Bottom in Welfare Benefits?" American Journal of Political Science 46 (April 2002): 352-363.
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(2002)
American Journal of Political Science
, vol.46
, pp. 352-363
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Volden, C.1
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34
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28444485876
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Arizona: Concerted effort, gridlock, and then breakthrough
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ed. Palazzolo and Ceaser
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Glen S. Krutz, "Arizona: Concerted Effort, Gridlock, and Then Breakthrough," Election Reform, ed. Palazzolo and Ceaser, pp. 177-189.
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Election Reform
, pp. 177-189
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Krutz, G.S.1
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35
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28444460912
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Residual vote in the 2004 election
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Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Charles Stewart III, "Residual Vote in the 2004 Election," Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project (Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005).
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(2005)
Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project
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Stewart III, C.1
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36
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28444493491
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Office of the Secretary of State for the State of Arizona, 7 December
-
Betsey Bayless, White Paper on Arizona Election Law, Office of the Secretary of State for the State of Arizona, 7 December 2000, p. 2.
-
(2000)
White Paper on Arizona Election Law
, pp. 2
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Bayless, B.1
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37
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28444466064
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Illinois: Ending the gridlock
-
ed. Palazzolo and Ceaser
-
David Kimball, "Illinois: Ending the Gridlock," Election Reform, ed. Palazzolo and Ceaser, pp. 190-204.
-
Election Reform
, pp. 190-204
-
-
Kimball, D.1
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38
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28444496882
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note
-
In contrast, Arizona elects a secretary of state, who is the designated leader for elections in the state.
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