Discovery of sequence-selective peptide binding by synthetic receptors using encoded combinatorial libraries

Accounts of Chemical Research

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 155-163

  Still, W Clark ^a,b,c,d  

^a Columbia University ^*

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2842605870     PISSN: 00014842     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ar950166i     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Examples of functional group selectivity. Ammonium ions: Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J.-P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11652. Phosphates: Schiessl, P.; Schmidtchen, F. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 509. Vance, D. H.; Czarnik, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9397. Ethers or ketones: Maruoka, K.; Nagahara, S.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6115. Bell, D. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 512. Acids. Fan, E.; Van Arman, S. A.; Kincaid, S.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369. Hamann, B. C.; Branda, N. R.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837. Albert, J. S.; Hamilton, A. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7363. Alcohols: Webb, T. H.; Suh, H.; Wilcox, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8554. Mendez, L.; Singleton, R ; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Stoddart, J. F.; Williams, D. J.; Williams, M. K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 478. Huang, C.-Y.; Cabell, L. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2778. Bell, D. A.; Dfaz, S. G., Lynch, V. M.; Ansyln, E V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 4155.
2. Examples of functional group selectivity. Ammonium ions: Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J.-P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11652. Phosphates: Schiessl, P.; Schmidtchen, F. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 509. Vance, D. H.; Czarnik, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9397. Ethers or ketones: Maruoka, K.; Nagahara, S.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6115. Bell, D. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 512. Acids. Fan, E.; Van Arman, S. A.; Kincaid, S.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369. Hamann, B. C.; Branda, N. R.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837. Albert, J. S.; Hamilton, A. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7363. Alcohols: Webb, T. H.; Suh, H.; Wilcox, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8554. Mendez, L.; Singleton, R ; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Stoddart, J. F.; Williams, D. J.; Williams, M. K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 478. Huang, C.-Y.; Cabell, L. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2778. Bell, D. A.; Dfaz, S. G., Lynch, V. M.; Ansyln, E V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 4155.
3. Examples of functional group selectivity. Ammonium ions: Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J.-P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11652. Phosphates: Schiessl, P.; Schmidtchen, F. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 509. Vance, D. H.; Czarnik, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9397. Ethers or ketones: Maruoka, K.; Nagahara, S.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6115. Bell, D. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 512. Acids. Fan, E.; Van Arman, S. A.; Kincaid, S.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369. Hamann, B. C.; Branda, N. R.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837. Albert, J. S.; Hamilton, A. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7363. Alcohols: Webb, T. H.; Suh, H.; Wilcox, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8554. Mendez, L.; Singleton, R ; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Stoddart, J. F.; Williams, D. J.; Williams, M. K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 478. Huang, C.-Y.; Cabell, L. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2778. Bell, D. A.; Dfaz, S. G., Lynch, V. M.; Ansyln, E V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 4155.
4. Examples of functional group selectivity. Ammonium ions: Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J.-P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11652. Phosphates: Schiessl, P.; Schmidtchen, F. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 509. Vance, D. H.; Czarnik, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9397. Ethers or ketones: Maruoka, K.; Nagahara, S.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6115. Bell, D. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 512. Acids. Fan, E.; Van Arman, S. A.; Kincaid, S.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369. Hamann, B. C.; Branda, N. R.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837. Albert, J. S.; Hamilton, A. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7363. Alcohols: Webb, T. H.; Suh, H.; Wilcox, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8554. Mendez, L.; Singleton, R ; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Stoddart, J. F.; Williams, D. J.; Williams, M. K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 478. Huang, C.-Y.; Cabell, L. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2778. Bell, D. A.; Dfaz, S. G., Lynch, V. M.; Ansyln, E V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 4155.
5. Examples of functional group selectivity. Ammonium ions: Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J.-P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11652. Phosphates: Schiessl, P.; Schmidtchen, F. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 509. Vance, D. H.; Czarnik, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9397. Ethers or ketones: Maruoka, K.; Nagahara, S.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6115. Bell, D. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 512. Acids. Fan, E.; Van Arman, S. A.; Kincaid, S.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369. Hamann, B. C.; Branda, N. R.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837. Albert, J. S.; Hamilton, A. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7363. Alcohols: Webb, T. H.; Suh, H.; Wilcox, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8554. Mendez, L.; Singleton, R ; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Stoddart, J. F.; Williams, D. J.; Williams, M. K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 478. Huang, C.-Y.; Cabell, L. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2778. Bell, D. A.; Dfaz, S. G., Lynch, V. M.; Ansyln, E V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 4155.
6. Examples of functional group selectivity. Ammonium ions: Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J.-P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11652. Phosphates: Schiessl, P.; Schmidtchen, F. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 509. Vance, D. H.; Czarnik, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9397. Ethers or ketones: Maruoka, K.; Nagahara, S.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6115. Bell, D. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 512. Acids. Fan, E.; Van Arman, S. A.; Kincaid, S.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369. Hamann, B. C.; Branda, N. R.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837. Albert, J. S.; Hamilton, A. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7363. Alcohols: Webb, T. H.; Suh, H.; Wilcox, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8554. Mendez, L.; Singleton, R ; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Stoddart, J. F.; Williams, D. J.; Williams, M. K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 478. Huang, C.-Y.; Cabell, L. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2778. Bell, D. A.; Dfaz, S. G., Lynch, V. M.; Ansyln, E V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 4155.
7. Examples of functional group selectivity. Ammonium ions: Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J.-P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11652. Phosphates: Schiessl, P.; Schmidtchen, F. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 509. Vance, D. H.; Czarnik, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9397. Ethers or ketones: Maruoka, K.; Nagahara, S.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6115. Bell, D. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 512. Acids. Fan, E.; Van Arman, S. A.; Kincaid, S.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369. Hamann, B. C.; Branda, N. R.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837. Albert, J. S.; Hamilton, A. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7363. Alcohols: Webb, T. H.; Suh, H.; Wilcox, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8554. Mendez, L.; Singleton, R ; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Stoddart, J. F.; Williams, D. J.; Williams, M. K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 478. Huang, C.-Y.; Cabell, L. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2778. Bell, D. A.; Dfaz, S. G., Lynch, V. M.; Ansyln, E V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 4155.
8. Examples of functional group selectivity. Ammonium ions: Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J.-P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11652. Phosphates: Schiessl, P.; Schmidtchen, F. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 509. Vance, D. H.; Czarnik, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9397. Ethers or ketones: Maruoka, K.; Nagahara, S.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6115. Bell, D. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 512. Acids. Fan, E.; Van Arman, S. A.; Kincaid, S.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369. Hamann, B. C.; Branda, N. R.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837. Albert, J. S.; Hamilton, A. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7363. Alcohols: Webb, T. H.; Suh, H.; Wilcox, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8554. Mendez, L.; Singleton, R ; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Stoddart, J. F.; Williams, D. J.; Williams, M. K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 478. Huang, C.-Y.; Cabell, L. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2778. Bell, D. A.; Dfaz, S. G., Lynch, V. M.; Ansyln, E V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 4155.
9. Examples of functional group selectivity. Ammonium ions: Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J.-P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11652. Phosphates: Schiessl, P.; Schmidtchen, F. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 509. Vance, D. H.; Czarnik, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9397. Ethers or ketones: Maruoka, K.; Nagahara, S.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6115. Bell, D. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 512. Acids. Fan, E.; Van Arman, S. A.; Kincaid, S.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369. Hamann, B. C.; Branda, N. R.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837. Albert, J. S.; Hamilton, A. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7363. Alcohols: Webb, T. H.; Suh, H.; Wilcox, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8554. Mendez, L.; Singleton, R ; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Stoddart, J. F.; Williams, D. J.; Williams, M. K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 478. Huang, C.-Y.; Cabell, L. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2778. Bell, D. A.; Dfaz, S. G., Lynch, V. M.; Ansyln, E V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 4155.
10. Examples of functional group selectivity. Ammonium ions: Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J.-P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11652. Phosphates: Schiessl, P.; Schmidtchen, F. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 509. Vance, D. H.; Czarnik, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9397. Ethers or ketones: Maruoka, K.; Nagahara, S.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6115. Bell, D. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 512. Acids. Fan, E.; Van Arman, S. A.; Kincaid, S.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369. Hamann, B. C.; Branda, N. R.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837. Albert, J. S.; Hamilton, A. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7363. Alcohols: Webb, T. H.; Suh, H.; Wilcox, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8554. Mendez, L.; Singleton, R ; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Stoddart, J. F.; Williams, D. J.; Williams, M. K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 478. Huang, C.-Y.; Cabell, L. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2778. Bell, D. A.; Dfaz, S. G., Lynch, V. M.; Ansyln, E V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 4155.
11. Examples of functional group selectivity. Ammonium ions: Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J.-P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11652. Phosphates: Schiessl, P.; Schmidtchen, F. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 509. Vance, D. H.; Czarnik, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9397. Ethers or ketones: Maruoka, K.; Nagahara, S.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6115. Bell, D. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 512. Acids. Fan, E.; Van Arman, S. A.; Kincaid, S.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369. Hamann, B. C.; Branda, N. R.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837. Albert, J. S.; Hamilton, A. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7363. Alcohols: Webb, T. H.; Suh, H.; Wilcox, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8554. Mendez, L.; Singleton, R ; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Stoddart, J. F.; Williams, D. J.; Williams, M. K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 478. Huang, C.-Y.; Cabell, L. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2778. Bell, D. A.; Dfaz, S. G., Lynch, V. M.; Ansyln, E V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 4155.
12. Examples of functional group selectivity. Ammonium ions: Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J.-P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11652. Phosphates: Schiessl, P.; Schmidtchen, F. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 509. Vance, D. H.; Czarnik, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9397. Ethers or ketones: Maruoka, K.; Nagahara, S.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6115. Bell, D. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 512. Acids. Fan, E.; Van Arman, S. A.; Kincaid, S.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369. Hamann, B. C.; Branda, N. R.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837. Albert, J. S.; Hamilton, A. D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7363. Alcohols: Webb, T. H.; Suh, H.; Wilcox, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8554. Mendez, L.; Singleton, R ; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Stoddart, J. F.; Williams, D. J.; Williams, M. K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 478. Huang, C.-Y.; Cabell, L. A.; Anslyn, E. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2778. Bell, D. A.; Dfaz, S. G., Lynch, V. M.; Ansyln, E V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 4155.
13. Examples of enantioselection. Ammonium ions: Peacock, S. C.; Domeier, L. A.; Gaeta, F. C. A.; Helgeson, R. C ; Timko, T. M.; Cram, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 8190. Petti, M. A.; Shepodd, T. J ; Barrans, R. E.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6825. Li, Y.; Echegoyen, L.; Martinez-Diaz, M. V.; de Mendoza, J.; Torres, T. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4193. Diketopiperazines: Jeong, K.-S.; Muehldorf, A. V.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6144. Cristofaro, M. F.; Chamberlin, A. R J. Am Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5089. α-Amino acids: Burger, M. T.; Armstrong, A. A.; Guarnieri, F.; McDonald, D Q.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3593. Mizutani, T.; Ema, T.; Tomita, T.; Kuroda, Y.; Ogoshi, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4240. References 10 and 11. Sec also: Pirkle, W. H.; Pochapsky, T. C Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 347.
14. Examples of enantioselection. Ammonium ions: Peacock, S. C.; Domeier, L. A.; Gaeta, F. C. A.; Helgeson, R. C ; Timko, T. M.; Cram, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 8190. Petti, M. A.; Shepodd, T. J ; Barrans, R. E.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6825. Li, Y.; Echegoyen, L.; Martinez-Diaz, M. V.; de Mendoza, J.; Torres, T. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4193. Diketopiperazines: Jeong, K.-S.; Muehldorf, A. V.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6144. Cristofaro, M. F.; Chamberlin, A. R J. Am Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5089. α-Amino acids: Burger, M. T.; Armstrong, A. A.; Guarnieri, F.; McDonald, D Q.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3593. Mizutani, T.; Ema, T.; Tomita, T.; Kuroda, Y.; Ogoshi, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4240. References 10 and 11. Sec also: Pirkle, W. H.; Pochapsky, T. C Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 347.
15. Examples of enantioselection. Ammonium ions: Peacock, S. C.; Domeier, L. A.; Gaeta, F. C. A.; Helgeson, R. C ; Timko, T. M.; Cram, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 8190. Petti, M. A.; Shepodd, T. J ; Barrans, R. E.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6825. Li, Y.; Echegoyen, L.; Martinez-Diaz, M. V.; de Mendoza, J.; Torres, T. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4193. Diketopiperazines: Jeong, K.-S.; Muehldorf, A. V.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6144. Cristofaro, M. F.; Chamberlin, A. R J. Am Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5089. α-Amino acids: Burger, M. T.; Armstrong, A. A.; Guarnieri, F.; McDonald, D Q.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3593. Mizutani, T.; Ema, T.; Tomita, T.; Kuroda, Y.; Ogoshi, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4240. References 10 and 11. Sec also: Pirkle, W. H.; Pochapsky, T. C Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 347.
16. Examples of enantioselection. Ammonium ions: Peacock, S. C.; Domeier, L. A.; Gaeta, F. C. A.; Helgeson, R. C ; Timko, T. M.; Cram, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 8190. Petti, M. A.; Shepodd, T. J ; Barrans, R. E.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6825. Li, Y.; Echegoyen, L.; Martinez-Diaz, M. V.; de Mendoza, J.; Torres, T. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4193. Diketopiperazines: Jeong, K.-S.; Muehldorf, A. V.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6144. Cristofaro, M. F.; Chamberlin, A. R J. Am Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5089. α-Amino acids: Burger, M. T.; Armstrong, A. A.; Guarnieri, F.; McDonald, D Q.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3593. Mizutani, T.; Ema, T.; Tomita, T.; Kuroda, Y.; Ogoshi, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4240. References 10 and 11. Sec also: Pirkle, W. H.; Pochapsky, T. C Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 347.
17. Examples of enantioselection. Ammonium ions: Peacock, S. C.; Domeier, L. A.; Gaeta, F. C. A.; Helgeson, R. C ; Timko, T. M.; Cram, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 8190. Petti, M. A.; Shepodd, T. J ; Barrans, R. E.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6825. Li, Y.; Echegoyen, L.; Martinez-Diaz, M. V.; de Mendoza, J.; Torres, T. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4193. Diketopiperazines: Jeong, K.-S.; Muehldorf, A. V.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6144. Cristofaro, M. F.; Chamberlin, A. R J. Am Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5089. α-Amino acids: Burger, M. T.; Armstrong, A. A.; Guarnieri, F.; McDonald, D Q.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3593. Mizutani, T.; Ema, T.; Tomita, T.; Kuroda, Y.; Ogoshi, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4240. References 10 and 11. Sec also: Pirkle, W. H.; Pochapsky, T. C Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 347.
18. Examples of enantioselection. Ammonium ions: Peacock, S. C.; Domeier, L. A.; Gaeta, F. C. A.; Helgeson, R. C ; Timko, T. M.; Cram, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 8190. Petti, M. A.; Shepodd, T. J ; Barrans, R. E.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6825. Li, Y.; Echegoyen, L.; Martinez-Diaz, M. V.; de Mendoza, J.; Torres, T. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4193. Diketopiperazines: Jeong, K.-S.; Muehldorf, A. V.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6144. Cristofaro, M. F.; Chamberlin, A. R J. Am Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5089. α-Amino acids: Burger, M. T.; Armstrong, A. A.; Guarnieri, F.; McDonald, D Q.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3593. Mizutani, T.; Ema, T.; Tomita, T.; Kuroda, Y.; Ogoshi, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4240. References 10 and 11. Sec also: Pirkle, W. H.; Pochapsky, T. C Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 347.
19. Examples of enantioselection. Ammonium ions: Peacock, S. C.; Domeier, L. A.; Gaeta, F. C. A.; Helgeson, R. C ; Timko, T. M.; Cram, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 8190. Petti, M. A.; Shepodd, T. J ; Barrans, R. E.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6825. Li, Y.; Echegoyen, L.; Martinez-Diaz, M. V.; de Mendoza, J.; Torres, T. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4193. Diketopiperazines: Jeong, K.-S.; Muehldorf, A. V.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6144. Cristofaro, M. F.; Chamberlin, A. R J. Am Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5089. α-Amino acids: Burger, M. T.; Armstrong, A. A.; Guarnieri, F.; McDonald, D Q.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3593. Mizutani, T.; Ema, T.; Tomita, T.; Kuroda, Y.; Ogoshi, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4240. References 10 and 11. Sec also: Pirkle, W. H.; Pochapsky, T. C Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 347.
20. Examples of enantioselection. Ammonium ions: Peacock, S. C.; Domeier, L. A.; Gaeta, F. C. A.; Helgeson, R. C ; Timko, T. M.; Cram, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 8190. Petti, M. A.; Shepodd, T. J ; Barrans, R. E.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6825. Li, Y.; Echegoyen, L.; Martinez-Diaz, M. V.; de Mendoza, J.; Torres, T. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4193. Diketopiperazines: Jeong, K.-S.; Muehldorf, A. V.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6144. Cristofaro, M. F.; Chamberlin, A. R J. Am Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5089. α-Amino acids: Burger, M. T.; Armstrong, A. A.; Guarnieri, F.; McDonald, D Q.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3593. Mizutani, T.; Ema, T.; Tomita, T.; Kuroda, Y.; Ogoshi, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4240. References 10 and 11. Sec also: Pirkle, W. H.; Pochapsky, T. C Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 347.
21. Examples of biopolymer residue selectivity. Nucleic acid bases: Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5125. Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 2607. Kobayashi, K.; Asakawa, Y.; Kato, Y.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10307. Sugars: Bonnar-Law, R. P.; Davis, A. P.; Murray, B. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1407 Kikuchi, Y.; Tanaka, Y.; Sutarto, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Toi, H.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 10302. Coteron, J. M.; Vicent, C.; Bosso, C.; Penades, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10066. Liu, R.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2573. α-Amino acids: Murakami, Y.; Ohno, T.; Hayashida, O ; Hisaeda, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 950. Reference 11.
22. Examples of biopolymer residue selectivity. Nucleic acid bases: Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5125. Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 2607. Kobayashi, K.; Asakawa, Y.; Kato, Y.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10307. Sugars: Bonnar-Law, R. P.; Davis, A. P.; Murray, B. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1407 Kikuchi, Y.; Tanaka, Y.; Sutarto, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Toi, H.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 10302. Coteron, J. M.; Vicent, C.; Bosso, C.; Penades, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10066. Liu, R.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2573. α-Amino acids: Murakami, Y.; Ohno, T.; Hayashida, O ; Hisaeda, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 950. Reference 11.
23. Examples of biopolymer residue selectivity. Nucleic acid bases: Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5125. Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 2607. Kobayashi, K.; Asakawa, Y.; Kato, Y.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10307. Sugars: Bonnar-Law, R. P.; Davis, A. P.; Murray, B. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1407 Kikuchi, Y.; Tanaka, Y.; Sutarto, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Toi, H.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 10302. Coteron, J. M.; Vicent, C.; Bosso, C.; Penades, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10066. Liu, R.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2573. α-Amino acids: Murakami, Y.; Ohno, T.; Hayashida, O ; Hisaeda, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 950. Reference 11.
24. Examples of biopolymer residue selectivity. Nucleic acid bases: Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5125. Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 2607. Kobayashi, K.; Asakawa, Y.; Kato, Y.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10307. Sugars: Bonnar-Law, R. P.; Davis, A. P.; Murray, B. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1407 Kikuchi, Y.; Tanaka, Y.; Sutarto, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Toi, H.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 10302. Coteron, J. M.; Vicent, C.; Bosso, C.; Penades, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10066. Liu, R.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2573. α-Amino acids: Murakami, Y.; Ohno, T.; Hayashida, O ; Hisaeda, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 950. Reference 11.
25. Examples of biopolymer residue selectivity. Nucleic acid bases: Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5125. Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 2607. Kobayashi, K.; Asakawa, Y.; Kato, Y.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10307. Sugars: Bonnar-Law, R. P.; Davis, A. P.; Murray, B. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1407 Kikuchi, Y.; Tanaka, Y.; Sutarto, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Toi, H.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 10302. Coteron, J. M.; Vicent, C.; Bosso, C.; Penades, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10066. Liu, R.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2573. α-Amino acids: Murakami, Y.; Ohno, T.; Hayashida, O ; Hisaeda, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 950. Reference 11.
26. Examples of biopolymer residue selectivity. Nucleic acid bases: Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5125. Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 2607. Kobayashi, K.; Asakawa, Y.; Kato, Y.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10307. Sugars: Bonnar-Law, R. P.; Davis, A. P.; Murray, B. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1407 Kikuchi, Y.; Tanaka, Y.; Sutarto, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Toi, H.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 10302. Coteron, J. M.; Vicent, C.; Bosso, C.; Penades, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10066. Liu, R.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2573. α-Amino acids: Murakami, Y.; Ohno, T.; Hayashida, O ; Hisaeda, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 950. Reference 11.
27. Examples of biopolymer residue selectivity. Nucleic acid bases: Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5125. Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 2607. Kobayashi, K.; Asakawa, Y.; Kato, Y.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10307. Sugars: Bonnar-Law, R. P.; Davis, A. P.; Murray, B. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1407 Kikuchi, Y.; Tanaka, Y.; Sutarto, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Toi, H.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 10302. Coteron, J. M.; Vicent, C.; Bosso, C.; Penades, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10066. Liu, R.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2573. α-Amino acids: Murakami, Y.; Ohno, T.; Hayashida, O ; Hisaeda, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 950. Reference 11.
28. Examples of biopolymer residue selectivity. Nucleic acid bases: Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5125. Park, T. K.; Schroeder, J.; Rebek, J. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 2607. Kobayashi, K.; Asakawa, Y.; Kato, Y.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10307. Sugars: Bonnar-Law, R. P.; Davis, A. P.; Murray, B. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1407 Kikuchi, Y.; Tanaka, Y.; Sutarto, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Toi, H.; Aoyama, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 10302. Coteron, J. M.; Vicent, C.; Bosso, C.; Penades, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10066. Liu, R.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2573. α-Amino acids: Murakami, Y.; Ohno, T.; Hayashida, O ; Hisaeda, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 950. Reference 11.
29. Reviews: (a) Pavia, M. R.; Sawyer, T. K.; Moos, W. J. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1993, 3, 387
30. (b) Gallop, M. A.; Barrett, R. W.; Dower, W. J.; Fodor, S. P. A.; Gordon, E. M J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 1233.
31. (c) Gordon, E. M.; Barrett, R. W ; Dower, W. J.; Fodor, S. P. A.; Gallop, M. A. J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 1385.
32. Cram, D. J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 1009.
33. Caveat: Structural rigidity in a binding site favors highly selective binding only if a substrate precisely fits the binding site. Because designing host molecules with such a high-precision fit is often difficult, some flexibility is desirable. But extensive conformational heterogeneity is not.
34. Reviews: Schneider, H.-J. Angew Chem , Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 848. Webb, T. H.; Wilcox, C. S. Chem. Soc, Rev. 1993, 383.
35. Reviews: Schneider, H.-J. Angew Chem , Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 848. Webb, T. H.; Wilcox, C. S. Chem. Soc, Rev. 1993, 383.
36. Iimori, T.; Eriekson, S. D.; Rheingold, A. L.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 6947. Alder, R. W., Maunder, C. M.; Orpen, A. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 6717. Hoffmann, R. W.; Sander, T.; Brumm, M. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2319. Hoffmann, R. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1124. Tang, S.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett 1993, 34, 6701.
37. Iimori, T.; Eriekson, S. D.; Rheingold, A. L.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 6947. Alder, R. W., Maunder, C. M.; Orpen, A. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 6717. Hoffmann, R. W.; Sander, T.; Brumm, M. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2319. Hoffmann, R. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1124. Tang, S.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett 1993, 34, 6701.
38. Iimori, T.; Eriekson, S. D.; Rheingold, A. L.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 6947. Alder, R. W., Maunder, C. M.; Orpen, A. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 6717. Hoffmann, R. W.; Sander, T.; Brumm, M. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2319. Hoffmann, R. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1124. Tang, S.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett 1993, 34, 6701.
39. Iimori, T.; Eriekson, S. D.; Rheingold, A. L.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 6947. Alder, R. W., Maunder, C. M.; Orpen, A. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 6717. Hoffmann, R. W.; Sander, T.; Brumm, M. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2319. Hoffmann, R. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1124. Tang, S.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett 1993, 34, 6701.
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41. Chang, G.; Guida, W. C.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4379.
42. (a) Hong, J.-I.; Namgoong, S. K.; Barnardi, A.; Still, W. C J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5111.
43. (b) Liu, R.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2573.
44. (c) Erickson, S. D.; Simon, J. A.; Still, W. C J Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1305.
45. Yoon, S. S.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 823. Yoon, S. S.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 2117.
46. Yoon, S. S.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 823. Yoon, S. S.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 2117.
47. (a) Furka, A.; Sebestyen, M.; Asgedom, M.; Dibo, G Abstr. 14th Int. Congr Biochem., Prague, Czechchoslovakia 1988, 5, 47.
48. (b) Furka, A.; Sebestyen, M.; Asgedom, M.; Dibo, G. Abstr. 10th Int. Symp. Med. Chem., Budapest, Hungary, 1988, 288
49. (c) Furka, A.; Sebestyen, M.; Asgedom, M.; Dibo, G. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res 1991, 37, 487.
50. (d) Lam, K. S.; Salmon, S. E.; Hersh, E. M.; Hruby, V. J.; Kazmierski, W. M.; Knapp, R. J. Nature 1991, 354, 82 (see also: Nature 1991, 358, 434).
51. (d) Lam, K. S.; Salmon, S. E.; Hersh, E. M.; Hruby, V. J.; Kazmierski, W. M.; Knapp, R. J. Nature 1991, 354, 82 (see also: Nature 1991, 358, 434).
52. (e) Zuckermann, R. N.; Kerr, J. M.; Siani, M. A.; Banville, S. C. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 1992, 40, 498. See also: Lebl, M.; Krchnak, V.; Sepetov, N.; Seligmann, B.; Strop, P.; Felder, S.; Lam, K. S. Biopolymers (Pept. Sci.) 1995, 37, 177.
53. (e) Zuckermann, R. N.; Kerr, J. M.; Siani, M. A.; Banville, S. C. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 1992, 40, 498. See also: Lebl, M.; Krchnak, V.; Sepetov, N.; Seligmann, B.; Strop, P.; Felder, S.; Lam, K. S. Biopolymers (Pept. Sci.) 1995, 37, 177.
54. Brummel, C. L.; Lee, I. N. W., Zhou, Y.; Benkovic, S. J.; Winograd, N. Science 1994, 264, 399. Zambias, R. A.; Boulton, D. A.; Griffin, P. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4283. Youngquist, R. S.; Fuentes, G. R.; Lacey, M. P.; Keough, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3900.
55. Brummel, C. L.; Lee, I. N. W., Zhou, Y.; Benkovic, S. J.; Winograd, N. Science 1994, 264, 399. Zambias, R. A.; Boulton, D. A.; Griffin, P. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4283. Youngquist, R. S.; Fuentes, G. R.; Lacey, M. P.; Keough, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3900.
56. Brummel, C. L.; Lee, I. N. W., Zhou, Y.; Benkovic, S. J.; Winograd, N. Science 1994, 264, 399. Zambias, R. A.; Boulton, D. A.; Griffin, P. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4283. Youngquist, R. S.; Fuentes, G. R.; Lacey, M. P.; Keough, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3900.
57. See, for example: Oldenburg, K R., Loganuthan, D.; Goldstein, I. J.; Schultz, P. G.; Gallop, M. A. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1992, 89, 5393.
58. Brenner, S.; Lerner, R. A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 1992, 89, 5381.
59. Tagging with biopolymers: (a) Kerr, J. M.; Banville, S C.; Zuckermann, R. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 2529.
60. (b) Nikolaiev, V., Stierandova, A.; Krchnak, V ; Seligmann, B.; Lam, K. S.; Salmon, S. E.; Lebl, M. Pept. Res. 1993, 6, 161
61. (c) Nielsen, J.; Brenner, S.; Janda, K. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9812.
62. Tagging with, chemically inert organic small molecules: (a) Ohlmeyer, M. H. J.; Swanson, R. N.; Dillard, L. W.; Reader, J. C.; Asouline, G.; Kobayashi, R.; Wigler, M.; Still, W. C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1993, 90, 10922.
63. (b) Nestler, H. P.; Bartlett, P. A.; Still, W. C. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4723.
64. This method is analogous to ones described for establishing the binding properties of antibodies: Geysen, H M., Mason, T. J. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1993, 3, 373 and references therein.
65. Lam, K. S.; Zhao, Z -G ; Wade, S ; Krchnak, V.; Lebl, M. Drug. Dev. Res. 1994, 33, 157. Dyes must be chosen with care because they can exhibit significant (and selective) binding themselves Wennemers, H.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 6413.
66. Lam, K. S.; Zhao, Z -G ; Wade, S ; Krchnak, V.; Lebl, M. Drug. Dev. Res. 1994, 33, 157. Dyes must be chosen with care because they can exhibit significant (and selective) binding themselves Wennemers, H.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 6413.
67. Borchardt, A.; Still, W C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 373.
68. Carrasco, M. R.; Still, W. C. Chem. Biol. 1995, 2, 205.
69. Borchardt, A.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7467.
70. Yoon, S. S.; Still, W. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2458.
71. Yoon, S. S.; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 567.
72. Wennemers, H., Yoon, S. S.; Still, W C. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 1108.
73. Torneiro, M.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3887.
74. See also: LaBrenz, S R.; Kelly, J. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1655.
75. Yoon, S. S ; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 8557. Boyce, R.; Li, G.; Nestler, H. P.; Suenaga, T.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7955. Gennari, C ; Nestler, H. P.; Salom, B ; Still, W. C. Angew. Chem , Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1765.
76. Yoon, S. S ; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 8557. Boyce, R.; Li, G.; Nestler, H. P.; Suenaga, T.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7955. Gennari, C ; Nestler, H. P.; Salom, B ; Still, W. C. Angew. Chem , Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1765.
77. Yoon, S. S ; Still, W. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 8557. Boyce, R.; Li, G.; Nestler, H. P.; Suenaga, T.; Still, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7955. Gennari, C ; Nestler, H. P.; Salom, B ; Still, W. C. Angew. Chem , Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1765.