Acute pyelonephritis: A new approach to an old clinical entity

Journal of Nephrology

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 474-496

  Piccoli, Giuseppe ^a   Colla, Loredana ^a   Maass, Jochen ^a   Stratta, Piero ^b   Bianchi, Caterina ^a   Burdese, Manuel ^a   Mesiano, Paola ^a   Marcuccio, Cristina ^a   Mezza, Elisabetta ^a   Mazzucco, Gianna ^a   Piccoli, Giorgina Barbara ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PIEDMONT   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMIKACIN; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CEFTRIAXONE; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CIPROFLOXACIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DOXYCYCLINE; LEVOFLOXACIN; MEROPENEM; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; PENICILLIN G; SPASMOLYTIC AGENT; TEICOPLANIN;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANAMNESIS; ANEMIA; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; CYSTITIS; ECHOGRAPHY; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM; ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FEMALE; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; KIDNEY COLIC; LABORATORY TEST; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; NONHUMAN; PRESCRIPTION; SYMPTOM; TREATMENT OUTCOME; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; URINE CULTURE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; KIDNEY PAPILLARY NECROSIS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING;

EID: 28244489356     PISSN: 11218428     EISSN: 17246059     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Thiemich M. Ueber die eitrigen erkrankungen der nieren und harnwege im säuglingsalter. Jahrb. Kinderheilkd.1910; 72: 243.
2. Johnson JR, Lyons MF 2nd, Pearce W, Gorman P, Roberts PL, White N, Brust P, Olsen R, Gnann JW Jr, Stamm WE. Therapy for women hospitalized with acute pyelonephritis: A randomized trial of ampicillin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 14 days. J Infect Dis 1991; 163: 325-30.
3. Klar A, Hurvitz H, Berkun Y, Nadjari M, Blinder G, Israeli T, Halamish A, Katz A, Shazberg G, Branski D. Focal bacterial nephritis (lobar nephronia) in children. J Pediatr 1996; 128: 850-3.
4. Heptinstall RH. Pyelonephritis: Pathologic features. In: Heptinstall RH, ed. Pathology of the kidney (4th edition). Boston: Little Brown 1992; 1489-561.
5. Rosenfield AT, Glickman MG, Taylor KJ, Crade M, Hodson J. Acute focal bacterial nephritis (acute lobar nephronia). Radiology 1979; 132: 553-61.
6. Lee JK, McClennan BL, Melson GL, Stanley RJ. Acute focal bacterial nephritis: Emphasis on gray scale sonography and computed tomography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1980; 135: 87-92.
7. Wegenke JD, Malek GH, Alter AJ, Olson JG. Acute lobular nephronia. J Urol 1986; 135: 343-5.
8. Vercellone A, Piccoli G. Diagnostica della pielonefrite cronica. In: La Medicina d'oggi Vol 2 Ed. Torino: Medico Scientifiche 1970; 541-59.
9. Meyrier A, Condamin MC, Fernet M, Labigne-Roussel A, Simon P, Callard P, Rainfray M, Soilleux M, Groc A. Frequency of development of early cortical scarring in acute primary pyelonephritis. Kidney Int 1989; 35: 696-703.
10. Hooton TM, Stamm WE. Acute pyelonephritis: Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Up to Date 2003; 11(2). Web site: www.uptodate.com
11. Warren JW, Abrutyn E, Hebel JR, Johnson JR, Schaeffer AJ, Stamm WE. Guidelines for antimicrobial treatment of uncomplicated acute bacterial cystitis and acute pyelonephritis in women. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29: 745-58.
12. Naber KG, Savov O, Salmen HC. Piperacillin 2 g/tazobactam 0.5 g is as effective as imipenem 0.5 g/cilastatin 0.5 g for the treatment of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis and complicated urinary tract infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002; 19: 95-103.
13. Tomera KM, Burdmann EA, Reyna OG, Jiang Q, Wimmer WM, Woods GL, Gesser RM; Protocol 014 Study Group. Ertapenem versus ceftriaxone followed by appropriate oral therapy for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections in adults: Results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind multicenter study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 2895-900.
14. Cooper B. Pyelonephritis in non-pregnant women. Clin Evid 2002; 7: 1758-63. Update in: Clin Evid 2002; 8: 1992-8.
15. Efstathiou SP, Pefanis AV, Tsioulos DI, Zacharos ID, Tsiakou AG, Mitromaras AG, Mastorantonakis SE, Kanavaki SN, Mountokalakis TD. Acute pyelonephritis in adults: Prediction of mortality and failure of treatment. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163: 1206-12.
16. Bjerklund Johansen TE. Diagnosis and imaging in urinary tract infections. Curr Opin Urol 2002; 12: 39-43.
17. Naber KG, Bergman B, Bishop MC, Bjerklund-Johansen TE, Botto H, Lobel B, Jinenez Cruz F, Selvaggi FP; Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Working Group of the Health Care Office (HCO) of the European Association of Urology (EAU). EAU guidelines for the management of urinary and male genital tract infections. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Working Group of the Health Care Office (HCO) of the European Association of Urology (EAU). Eur Urol 2001; 40: 576-88.
18. Stamm WE, Hooton TM. Management of urinary tract infections in adults. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1328-34.
19. Rushton HG. The evaluation of acute pyelonephritis and renal scarring with technetium 99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy: Evolving concepts and future directions. Pediatr Nephrol 1997; 11: 108-20.
20. Hitzel A, Liard A, Vera P, Manrique A, Menard JF, Dacher JN. Color and power Doppler sonography versus DMSA scintigraphy in acute pyelonephritis and in prediction of renal scarring. J Nucl Med 2002; 43: 27-32.
21. Craig JC, Wheeler DM, Irwig L, Howman-Giles RB. How accurate is dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis? A meta-analysis of experimental studies. J Nucl Med 2000; 41: 986-93.
22. Benador D, Neuhaus TJ, Papazyan JP, Willi UV, Engel-Bicik I, Nadal D, Slosman D, Mermillod B, Girardin E. Randomised controlled trial of three day versus 10 day intravenous antibiotics in acute pyelonephritis: Effect on renal scarring. Arch Dis Child 2001; 84: 241-6.
23. Lin KY, Chiu NT, Chen MJ, Lai CH, Huang JJ, Wang YT, Chiou YY. Acute pyelonephritis and sequelae of renal scar in pediatric first febrile urinary tract infection. Pediatr Nephrol 2003; 18: 362-5.
24. Johnson JR, Vincent LM, Wang K, Roberts PL, Stamm WE. Renal ultrasonographic correlates of acute pyelonephritis. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: 15-22.
25. Senn E, Zaunbauer W, Bandhauer K, Haertell M. Computed tomography in acute pyelonephritis. Br J Urol 1987; 59: 118-21.
26. Bergeron MG. Treatment of pyelonephritis in adults. Med Clin North Am 1995; 79: 619-49.
27. Foxman B, Klemstine KL, Brown PD. Acute pyelonephritis in US Hospitals in 1997: Hospitalisation and in-hospital mortality. Ann Epidemiol 2003; 13: 144-50.
28. Craig AP, Petur GN. Weekly clinicopathological exercises: Case 17-2000: a 21-week-old girl with fever and a renal mass. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1733-40.
29. Kawashima A, Sandler CM, Goldman SM. Current roles and controversies in the imaging evaluation of acute renal infection. World J Urol 1998; 16: 9-17.
30. Kawashima A, Sandler CM, Goldman SM. Imaging in acute renal infection. BJU Int 2000; 86 (Suppl 1): S70-9.
31. Kawashima A, LeRoy AJ. Radiologic evaluation of patients with renal infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2003; 17: 433-56.
32. Talner LB, Davidson AJ, Lebowitz RL, Dalla Palma L, Goldman SM. Acute pyelonephritis: Can we agree on terminology? Radiology 1994; 192: 297-305.
33. Parenti GC, Passari A. Acute pyelonephritis. Role of imaging. Radiol Med (Torino) 2001; 101: 251-4.
34. Clautice-Engle T, Jeffrey RB Jr. Renal hypoperfusion: Value of power Doppler imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997; 168: 1227-31.
35. Kim B, Lim HK, Choi MH, Woo JY, Ryu J, Kim S, Peck KR. Detection of parenchymal abnormalities in acute pyelonephritis by pulse inversion harmonic imaging with or without microbubble ultrasonographic contrast agent: Correlation with computed tomography. J Ultrasound Med 2001; 20: 5-14.
36. Blery M, Tasu J, Rocher L, Rondeau Y, Miquel A. Imaging of acute urinary infections in adults. Radiologic findings and strategy for imaging procedures. J Radiol 2000; 81: 1028-36.
37. Dalla-Palma L, Pozzi-Mucelli F, Pozzi-Mucelli RS. Delayed CT findings in acute renal infection. Clin Radiol 1995; 50: 364-70.
38. Sattari A, Kampouridis S, Damry N, Hainaux B, Ham HR, Vandewalle JC, Mols P. CT and 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy in adult acute pyelonephritis: A comparative study. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2000; 24: 600-4.
39. Soulen MC, Fishman EK, Goldman SM. Sequelae of acute renal infections: CT evaluation. Radiology 1989; 173: 423-6.
40. Tsugaya M, Hirao N, Sakagami H, Ohtaguro K, Washida H. Renal cortical scarring in acute pyelonephritis. Br J Urol 1992; 69: 245-9.
41. Lonergan GJ, Pennington DJ, Morrison JC, Haws RM, Grimley MS, Kao TC. Childhood pyelonephritis: Comparison of gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging and renal cortical scintigraphy for diagnosis. Radiology 1998; 207: 377-84.
42. Catalano C, Cardone G, Castrucci M, et al. Kidneys and adrenal glands. In: Reimer P, Parizel PM, Stichnoth FA, eds. Clinical MR Imaging. A pratical approach. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Sprinter Eds 1999.
43. May DA, Pennington DJ. Effect of gadolinium concentration on renal signal intensity: An in vitro study with a saline bag model. Radiology 2000; 216: 232-6.
44. Pennington DJ, Lonergan GJ, Flack CE, Waguespack RL, Jackson CB. Experimental pyelonephritis in piglets: Diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiology 1996; 201: 199-205.
45. Majd M, Nussbaum Blask AR, Markle BM, Shalaby-Rana E, Pohl HG, Park JS, Chandra R, Rais-Bahrami K, Pandya N, Patel KM, Rushton HG. Acute pyelonephritis: Comparison of diagnosis with 99mTc-DMSA SPECT, spiral CT, MR imaging, and Power Doppler US in an experimental pig model. Radiology 2001; 218: 101-8.
46. Stamm WE. Scientific and clinical challenges in the management of urinary tract infections. Am J Med 2002; 113 (Suppl 1A): S1-4.
47. Majd M, Rushton HG, Jantausch B, Wiedermann BL. Relationship among vesicoureteral reflux, P-fimbriated Escherichia coli, and acute pyelonephritis in children with febrile urinary tract infection. J Pediatr 1991; 119: 578-85.
48. Benador D, Benador N, Slosman DO, Nussle D, Mermillod B, Girardin E. Cortical scintigraphy in the evaluation of renal parenchymal changes in children with pyelonephritis. J Pediatr 1994; 124: 17-20.
49. Sreenarasimhaiah V, Alon US. Uroradiologic evaluation of children with urinary tract infection: Are both ultrasonograpy and renal cortical scintigraphy necessary? J Pediatr 1995; 127: 373-7.
50. Rosenberg AR, Rossleigh MA, Brydon MP, Bass SJ, Leighton DM, Farnsworth RH. Evaluation of acute urinary tract infection in children by dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy: A prospective study. J Urol 1992; 148: 1746-9.
51. Jakobsson B, Nolstedt L, Svensson L, Soderlundh S, Berg U. 99m Technetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid scan in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in children: Relation to clinical and radiological findings. Pediatr Nephrol 1992; 6: 328-34.
52. Tappin DM, Murphy AV, Mocan H, Shaw R, Beattie TJ, McAllister TA, MacKenzie JR. A prospective study of children with first acute symptomatic E. coli urinary tract infection. Early 99mtechnetium dimercaptosuccinic acid scan appearances. Acta Paediatr Scand 1989; 78: 923-9.
53. Gross GW, Lebowitz RL. Infection does not cause reflux. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1981; 137: 929-32.
54. Lee BF, Chiou YY, Chuang CM, Wu PS, Wu YC, Chin NT. Evolution of differential renal function after acute pyelonephritis. Nucl Med Commun 2002; 23: 1005-8.
55. Biggi A, Dardanelli L, Cussino P, Pomero G, Noello C, Sernia O, Spada A, Camuzzini G. Prognostic value of the acute DMSA scan in children with first urinary tract infection. Pediatr Nephrol 2001; 16: 800-4.
56. Wallin L, Helin I, Bajc M. Follow-up of acute pyelonephritis in children by Tc-99m DMSA scintigraphy: Quantitative and qualitative assessment. Clin Nucl Med 2001; 26: 423-32.
57. Johnson JR, O'Bryan TT, Delavari P, Kuskowski M, Stapleton A, Carlino U, Russo TA. Clonal relationships and extended virulence genotypes among Escherichia coli isolates from women with a first or recurrent episode of cystitis. J Infect Dis 2001; 183: 1508-17.
58. Gupta K, Hooton TM, Roberts PL, Stamm WE. Patient-initiated treatment of uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections in young women. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 9-16.
59. Vilaichone A, Watana D, Chaiwatanarat T. Oral ceftibuten switch therapy for acute pyelonephritis in children. J Med Assoc Thai 2001; 84 (Suppl 1): S61-7.
60. Hoberman A, Wald ER, Hickey RW, Baskin M, Charron M, Majd M, Kearney DH, Reynolds EA, Ruley J, Janosky JE. Oral versus initial intravenous therapy for urinary tract infections in young febrile children. Pediatrics 1999; 104: 79-86.
61. Safrin S, Siegel D, Black D. Pyelonephritis in adult women: Inpatient versus outpatient therapy. Am J Med 1988; 85: 793-8.
62. Pinson AG, Philbrick JT, Lindbeck GH, Schorling JB. ED management of acute pyelonephritis in women: A cohort study. Am J Emerg Med 1964; 12: 271-8.
63. Bailey RR, Peddie BA. Treatment of acute urinary tract infection in women. Ann Intern Med 1987; 107: 430.
64. Talan DA, Stamm WE, Hooton TM, Moran GJ, Burke T, Iravani A, Reuning-Scherer J, Church DA. Comparison of ciprofloxacin (7 days) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (14 days) for acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis pyelonephritis in women: A randomized trial. JAMA 2000; 283: 1583-90.
65. Bailey RR. Duration of antimicrobial treatment and the use of drug combinations for the treatment of uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis. Infection 1994; 22 (Suppl 1): S50-2.
66. Ward G, Jorden RC, Severance HW. Treatment of pyelonephritis in an observation unit. Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20: 258-61.
67. Ditchfield MR, Summerville D, Grimwood K, Cook DJ, Powell HR, Sloane R, Nolan TM, de Campo JF. Time course of transient cortical scintigraphic defects associated with acute pyelonephritis. Pediatr Radiol 2002; 32: 849-52.