Effect of a long-term fire retardant (Fire Trol 934®) on the germination of nine Mediterranean-type shrub species

Environmental Toxicology

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 543-548

  Cruz, Alberto ^a   Serrano, Marián ^a   Navarro, Esther ^a   Luna, Belén ^a   Moreno, José M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CASTILLA LA MANCHA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Cistus; Erica; Halimium; Lavandula; Nitrogenous compounds; Seed

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; FIRE PROTECTION; FIRES; HARDWOODS; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; PLANTS (BOTANY); SEED;

CISTUS; HALIMIUM; LAVANDULA; NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS;

FLAME RETARDANTS;

AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE; FLAME RETARDANT;

CHEMICAL COMPOUND; FIRE; GERMINATION; SCARIFICATION; SEED; SHRUBLAND;

ARTICLE; BURN; CISTUS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FIRE PROTECTION; GERMINATION; HEAT TREATMENT; LAVENDER; LEACHING; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCAR FORMATION; SCRUB; SIMULATION; SOIL POLLUTANT; SOIL POLLUTION; THERMAL EXPOSURE;

CISTACEAE; ENVIRONMENT; ERICACEAE; FLAME RETARDANTS; GERMINATION; POLYPHOSPHATES; SEEDS; SPAIN; TIME FACTORS;

ERICA; FIRE PROTECTION; FIRES; FLAME RETARDANTS; GERMINATION; SEEDS;

CISTUS; ERICA; HALIMIUM; LAVANDULA; LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA; MIMOSA;

EID: 28244481071     PISSN: 15204081     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/tox.20143     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Angeler DG, Rodríguez M, Martín S, Moreno JM. 2004. Assessment of application-rate dependent effects of a long-term fire retardant chemical (Fire-Trol 934®) on Typha domingensis germination. Environ Int 30:375-381.
2. Baskin CC, Baskin JM. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego: Academic Press.
3. Bradstock R, Sanders J, Tegart A. 1987. Short-term effects on the foliage of a eucalypt forest after an aerial application of a chemical fire retardant. Aust For 50:71-80.
4. Buhl KJ, Hamilton SJ. 1998. Acute toxicity of fire-retardant and foam-suppressant chemicals to early life stages of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Environ Toxicol Chem 17:1589-1599.
5. Buhl KJ, Hamilton SJ. 2000. Acute toxicity of fire-control chemicals nitrogenous chemicals and surfactants to rainbow trout. Trans Amer Fish Soc 129:408-418.
6. Cruz A, Pérez B, Velasco A, Moreno JM. 2003. Variability in seed germination at the interpopulation, intrapopulation and intraindividual levels of the shrub Erica australis in response to fire-related cues. Plant Ecol 169:93-103.
7. Gaikowsky MP, Hamilton SJ, Buhl KJ, McDonald SF, Summers CH. 1996. Acute toxicity of three fire-retardant and two fire-suppressant foam formulations to the early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environ Toxicol Chem 15:1365-1374.
8. Giménez A, Pastor E, Zárate L, Planas E, Arnaldos J. 2004. Long-term forest fire retardants: a review of quality effectiveness application and environmental considerations. Int J Wild Fire 13:1-15.
9. Henig-Server N, Eshel A, Néeman G. 1996. pH and osmotic potential of pine ash as post-fire germination inhibitors. Physiol Plant 96:71-76.
10. Keeley JE, Fotheringham CJ. 1998. Mechanisms of smoke-induced seed germination in a postfire chaparral annual. J Ecol 86:27-36.
11. Larson DL, Duncan DA. 1982. Annual grassland response to fire retardant and wildfire. J Range Manag 35:700-703.
12. Larson DL, Newton WE, Anderson PJ, Stein SJ. 1999. Effects of fire retardant chemical and fire suppressant foam on shrub steppe vegetation in northern Nevada. Int J Wild Fire 9:115-127.
13. Little EE, Calfee RD. 2002. Environmental persistence and toxicity of fire retardant chemicals Fire-Trol® GTS-R and Phos-Chek® D75-R to fathead minnows. US Forest Service Technical Report.
14. McDonald SF, Hamilton SJ, Buhl KJ, Heisinger JF. 1997. Acute toxicity of fire-retardant and foam-suppressant chemicals to Hyalella azteca. Environ Toxicol Chem 16:1370-1376.
15. Moreno JM, Vázquez A, Vélez R. 1998. Recent history of forest fires in Spain. In: Moreno JM, editor. Large Forest Fires. Leiden, The Netherlands: Backhuys Publishers. p 159-185.
16. Ortega M, Levassor C, Peco B. 1997. Seasonal dynamics of Mediterranean pasture seed banks along environmental gradients. J Biogeog 24:177-195.
17. Pérez-Fernández MA, Rodríguez-Echeverría S. 2003. Effect of smoke charred wood and nitrogenous compounds on seed germination of ten species from woodland in Central-Western Spain. J Chem Ecol 29:237-251.
18. Quintana JR, Cruz A, Fernández-González F, Moreno JM. 2004. Time of germination and establishment success after fire of three obligate seeders in a Mediterranean shrubland of central Spain. J Biogeogr 31:241-249.
19. Thanos CA, Georghiou K. 1988. Ecophysiology of fire-stimulated seed germination in Cistus incanus ssp. creticus (L.) Heywood and C. salvifolius L. Plant Cell and Environ 11:841-849.
20. Thanos CA, Rundel PW. 1995. Fire-followers in chaparral: nitrogenous compounds trigger seed germination. J Ecol 83:207-216.
21. Thanos CA, Georghiou K, Kadis C, Pantazi C. 1992. Cistaceae: a plant family with hard seeds. Isr J Bot 41:251-263.
22. Trabaud L, Oustric J. 1989. Heat requirements for seed germination of three Cistus species in the garrigue of southern France. Flora 183:321-325.
23. Underwood AJ. 1997. Experiments in Ecology. Their Logical Design and Interpretation Using Analysis of Variance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
24. Valbuena L, Tárrega R, Luis E. 1992. Influence of heat on seed germination of Cistus laurifolius and Cistus ladanifer. Int J Wild Fire 2:15-20.