The effects of livestock grazing and recreation on Irish machair grassland vegetation

Plant Ecology

Volumn 181, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 255-267

  Cooper, A ^a   McCann, T ^a   Ballard, E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Agriculture; Canonical Correspondence Analysis; Cattle grazing; Coastal dune grassland; Conservation management; Covariable analysis; Detrended Correspondence Analysis; Landscape scale; Rabbit grazing; Sheep grazing; Variance partitioning

Indexed keywords

CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS; GRASSLAND; GRAZING; LIVESTOCK; RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY;

BOS TAURUS; ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS; OVIS ARIES;

EID: 28244478401     PISSN: 13850237     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11258-005-7149-9     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. S.E. Allen 1989 Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials Oxford Blackwell
2. S. Angus 1994 The conservation importance of machair systems of the Scottish islands, with particular reference to the Outer Hebrides M.B. Usher J. Baxter The Islands of Scotland: A Living Marine Heritage Edinburgh HMSO 95 120
3. S. Angus M.M. Elliott 1992 Erosion in Scottish machair with particular reference to the Outer Hebrides R.W.G. Carter T.G.F. Curtis M.J. Sheehy-Skeffington Coastal Dunes: Geomorphology, Ecology and Management for Conservation Rotterdam Balkema 93 112
4. S. Angus T. Dargie 2002 The UK machair habitat action plan: progress and problems Bot. J. Scotland 54 63 74
5. C.L. Bascomb 1961 A calcimeter for routine use on soil samples Chem. Industry 45 1826 1827
6. J.A. Bassett T.G.F. Curtis 1985 The nature and occurrence of sand dune vegetation in Ireland Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 85B 1 20
7. D. Bocard P. Legendre P. Drapeau 1992 Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation Ecology 73 1045 1055
8. J.M. Boyd I.L. Boyd 1990 The Hebrides London Collins
9. Commission for the European Community 1992 Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora Commission for the European Community Brussels
10. I. Crawford 1991 Agricultureweeds and the Western Isles machair Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 45 483 492
11. Curtis T.G.F. 1991. Site inventory of the sandy coasts of Ireland. In: Quigley M.B. (eds). A Guide to the Sandy Coasts of Ireland. Dublin, pp. 6-18.
12. T.C.D. Dargie 1993 Sand Dune Vegetation of Great Britain Joint Nature Conservation Committee Peterborough Part 2 - Scotland.
13. T.C.D. Dargie 1998 Sand Dune Vegetation Survey of Scotland: Western Isles Scottish Natural Heritage Perth 3 vols. Scottish Natural Heritage ResearchSurvey and Monitoring Report No. 96.
14. T.C.D. Dargie 2000 Sand Dune Vegetation Survey of Scotland: National Report Scottish Natural Heritage Perth Dargie T.C.D. 2000. Sand dune vegetation survey of Scotland: national report. PerthScottish Natural Heritage.
15. G. Dickinson J Mitchell J. Tivy 1971 The application of phytosociological techniques to the geographical study of vegetation Scot. Geogr. Mag. 87 83 102
16. G. Dickinson R.E. Randall 1979 An interpretation of machair vegetation Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 77B 267 278
17. H.G. Gauch 1982 Multivariate Analysis in Community Ecology Cambridge University Press Cambridge
18. D. Gilbertson M. Kent J.L. Schwenninger P. Wathern R. Weaver B.A. Brayshay 1995 The machair vegetation of South Uist and Barra in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland: its interacting ecological, geomorphic and historical dimensions R.A. Butlin N. Roberts Ecological Relations in Historical Times Cambridge Blackwell 2 44
19. C.H. Gimingham A.R. Gemmell M.A. Grieg-Smith 1948 The vegetation of a sand-dune system in the Outer Hebrides Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 35 85 96
20. M.O. Hill 1994 DECORANA and TWINSPANfor Ordination and Classification of Multivariate Species Data: A New Edition, Together with Supporting Programs, in FORTRAN 77 Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Huntingdon
21. G. Hudson 1991 The geomorphology and soils of the Outer Hebrides R.J. Pankhurst J.M. Mullen Flora of the Outer Hebrides Natural History Museum Publications London 19 27
22. R.H.G. Jongman C.J.F. ter Braak O.F.R van Tongeren 1987 Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology Wageningen Pudoc
23. M.R. Kent R.E. Weaver D.D. Gilbertson P. Wathern B.A. Brayshay 1994 The present-day machair vegetation of the southern Outer Hebrides D. Gilbertson M. Kent J. Gratton The Outer Hebrides: the last 14,000 years Sheffield Academic Press Sheffield 133 145
24. M Kent T. Dargie C. Reid 2003 The management and conservation of machair vegetation Bot. J. Scot. 55 161 176
25. R.H. Okland O. Eilertsen 1994 Canonical Correspondence Analysis with variation partitioning: some comments and an application J. Veget. Sci. 5 117 126
26. N Owen M. Kent P.M. Dale 2004 Species and community responses to sand burial on the machair of the Outer Hebrides, Scotland J. Veget. Sci. 15 669 678
27. N. Owen M. Kent P. Dale 1996 The machair vegetation of the Outer Hebrides: a review D. Gilbertson M. Kent J. Gratton The Outer Hebrides: the last 14,000 years Sheffield University Press Sheffield 123 131
28. J. Power J. [tmp] McKenna M.J. [tmp] McCleod G. Convie 2000 Developing integrated participatory management strategies for Atlantic dune systems in County Donegal, Northwest Ireland Ambio 29 143 149
29. R.E. Randall 1976 Machair zonation of the Monarch Isles Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 42 441 462
30. W. Ritchie 1976 The meaning and definition of machair Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 42 431 440
31. W. Ritchie 1979 Machair development and chronology in the Uists and adjacent islands Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. 77B 107 22
32. J.S. Rodwell 2000 British Plant Communities: Maritime Communities and Vegetation of Open Habitats Cambridge University Press Cambridge
33. C.A. Stace 1991 New Flora of the British Isles Cambridge University Press Cambridge
34. C.J.F. ter Braak P. Smilauer 1998 CANOCO 4.5 Reference Manual Centre for Biometry Wageningen
35. P.B. Vose H.G. Powell H.B. Spence 1956 The machair grazings of TireeInner Hebrides Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 37 89 110
36. E.V. Watson 1981 British Mosses and Liverworts Cambridge University Press Cambridge