메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 1245-1261

Bone-conducted sound: Physiological and clinical aspects

Author keywords

Bone conduction; Conductive hearing loss; Hearing aids; Hearing testing; Occlusion effect; Tuning forks

Indexed keywords

AIR; ARTICLE; AUDIOMETER; AUDITORY OSSICLE; BASILAR MEMBRANE; BONE CONDUCTION; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; COCHLEA; COMPRESSION; DYSTOCIA; EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL; FOREHEAD; HEARING; HEARING AID; HEARING LOSS; HUMAN; LABORATORY; MANDIBLE; MASTOID; MEASUREMENT; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MIDDLE EAR; MIDDLE EAR DISEASE; PRESSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEMICIRCULAR CANAL; SKULL; SOUND DETECTION; SOUND TRANSMISSION; SPEECH; STIMULATION; VIBRATION;

EID: 28144449359     PISSN: 15317129     EISSN: 15374505     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.mao.0000187236.10842.d5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (339)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 84978464075 scopus 로고
    • Zur Theorie des Hörens bei der Schallaufnahme durch Knochenleitung
    • von Békésy G. Zur Theorie des Hörens bei der Schallaufnahme durch Knochenleitung. Ann Physik 1932;13:111-36.
    • (1932) Ann Physik , vol.13 , pp. 111-136
    • Von Békésy, G.1
  • 2
    • 0000577184 scopus 로고
    • The nature of bone conduction as shown in the electrical response of the cochlea
    • Wever EG, Bray CW. The nature of bone conduction as shown in the electrical response of the cochlea. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1936;45:822-30.
    • (1936) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol , vol.45 , pp. 822-830
    • Wever, E.G.1    Bray, C.W.2
  • 3
    • 0007676774 scopus 로고
    • Cancellation of the electrical cochlear response with air-and bone conducted sound
    • Lowy K. Cancellation of the electrical cochlear response with air-and bone conducted sound. J Acoust Soc Am 1942;14:156-8.
    • (1942) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.14 , pp. 156-158
    • Lowy, K.1
  • 5
    • 0016971807 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical parameters of hearing by bone conduction
    • Khanna SM, Tonndorf J, Queller J. Mechanical parameters of hearing by bone conduction. J Acoust Soc Am 1976;60:139-54.
    • (1976) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.60 , pp. 139-154
    • Khanna, S.M.1    Tonndorf, J.2    Queller, J.3
  • 6
    • 0001209084 scopus 로고
    • Wave motion in the cochlea caused by bone conduction
    • Zwislocki J. Wave motion in the cochlea caused by bone conduction. J Acoust Soc Am 1953;25:986-9.
    • (1953) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.25 , pp. 986-989
    • Zwislocki, J.1
  • 7
    • 0001398908 scopus 로고
    • Compressional bone conduction in cochlear models
    • Tonndorf J. Compressional bone conduction in cochlear models. J Acoust Soc Am 1962;34:1127-31.
    • (1962) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.34 , pp. 1127-1131
    • Tonndorf, J.1
  • 8
    • 0009804344 scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical direction of wave travel along the cochlear partition
    • von Békésy G. Paradoxical direction of wave travel along the cochlear partition. J Acoust Soc Am 1955;27:137-45.
    • (1955) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.27 , pp. 137-145
    • Von Békésy, G.1
  • 9
    • 0031667617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distortion product otoacoustic emissions stimulated through bone conduction
    • Purcell D, Kunov H, Madsen P, et al. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions stimulated through bone conduction. Ear Hear 1998;19:362-70.
    • (1998) Ear Hear , vol.19 , pp. 362-370
    • Purcell, D.1    Kunov, H.2    Madsen, P.3
  • 10
    • 0038691858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basilar membrane and osseous spiral lamina motion in human temporal bones with air and bone conduction stimulation
    • Stenfelt S, Puria S, Hato N, et al. Basilar membrane and osseous spiral lamina motion in human temporal bones with air and bone conduction stimulation. Hear Res 2003;181:131-43.
    • (2003) Hear Res , vol.181 , pp. 131-143
    • Stenfelt, S.1    Puria, S.2    Hato, N.3
  • 11
    • 0036020096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air versus bone conduction: An equal loudness investigation
    • Stenfelt S, Håkansson B. Air versus bone conduction: an equal loudness investigation. Hear Res 2002;167:1-12.
    • (2002) Hear Res , vol.167 , pp. 1-12
    • Stenfelt, S.1    Håkansson, B.2
  • 12
    • 0031798902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normative wave V latency-intensity functions using the EARTONE 3A insert earphone and the Radioear B-71 bone vibrator
    • Beattie RC. Normative wave V latency-intensity functions using the EARTONE 3A insert earphone and the Radioear B-71 bone vibrator. Scand Audiol 1998;27:120-6.
    • (1998) Scand Audiol , vol.27 , pp. 120-126
    • Beattie, R.C.1
  • 13
    • 0023745354 scopus 로고
    • Delayed oto-acoustic emissions evoked by bone-condition stimulation: Experimental data on their origin, characteristics and transfer to the external ear in man
    • Rossi G, Solero P, Rolando M, et al. Delayed oto-acoustic emissions evoked by bone-condition stimulation: experimental data on their origin, characteristics and transfer to the external ear in man. Scand Audiol 1988;29:1-24.
    • (1988) Scand Audiol , vol.29 , pp. 1-24
    • Rossi, G.1    Solero, P.2    Rolando, M.3
  • 14
    • 0025861034 scopus 로고
    • Human ultrasonic speech perception
    • Lenhardt M, Skellett R, Wang P, et al. Human ultrasonic speech perception. Science 1991;253:82-5.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 82-85
    • Lenhardt, M.1    Skellett, R.2    Wang, P.3
  • 15
    • 2642598067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radio frequency hearing: Electrostrictive detection and bone conduction
    • Bennet WJ. Radio frequency hearing: electrostrictive detection and bone conduction. J Acoust Soc Am 1998;103:2111-6.
    • (1998) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.103 , pp. 2111-2116
    • Bennet, W.J.1
  • 16
    • 0009610656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Audible ultrasound for profound losses
    • Staab W, Polashek T, Nunley J, et al. Audible ultrasound for profound losses. Hear Rev 1998;5:28-36.
    • (1998) Hear Rev , vol.5 , pp. 28-36
    • Staab, W.1    Polashek, T.2    Nunley, J.3
  • 17
    • 0032515564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the auditory cortex by ultrasound
    • Hosoi H, Imaizumi S, Sakaguchi T, et al. Activation of the auditory cortex by ultrasound. Lancet 1998;351:496-7.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 496-497
    • Hosoi, H.1    Imaizumi, S.2    Sakaguchi, T.3
  • 20
    • 0013870523 scopus 로고
    • Bone conduction: Studies in experimental animals
    • Tonndorf J. Bone conduction: studies in experimental animals. Acta Otolaryngol 1966;213:1-132.
    • (1966) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.213 , pp. 1-132
    • Tonndorf, J.1
  • 21
    • 0028296008 scopus 로고
    • Resonance frequency of the human skull in vivo
    • Håkansson B, Brandt A, Carlsson P, et al. Resonance frequency of the human skull in vivo. J Acoust Soc Am 1994;95:1474-81.
    • (1994) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.95 , pp. 1474-1481
    • Håkansson, B.1    Brandt, A.2    Carlsson, P.3
  • 22
    • 0037327122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors contributing to bone conduction: The outer ear
    • Stenfelt S, Wild T, Hato N, et al. Factors contributing to bone conduction: the outer ear. J Acoust Soc Am 2003;113:902-13.
    • (2003) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.113 , pp. 902-913
    • Stenfelt, S.1    Wild, T.2    Hato, N.3
  • 23
    • 0002207650 scopus 로고
    • Bone conduction: The influence of the middle ear
    • Huizing EH. Bone conduction: the influence of the middle ear. Acta Otolaryngol 1960;155:1-99.
    • (1960) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.155 , pp. 1-99
    • Huizing, E.H.1
  • 24
    • 0028537348 scopus 로고
    • Sound pressure in the external auditory canal during bone-conduction testing
    • Fagelson M, Martin FN. Sound pressure in the external auditory canal during bone-conduction testing. J Am Acad Audiol 1994;5:379-83.
    • (1994) J Am Acad Audiol , vol.5 , pp. 379-383
    • Fagelson, M.1    Martin, F.N.2
  • 25
    • 0242701933 scopus 로고
    • The jaw motions relative to the skull and their influence on hearing by bone conduction
    • Franke E, von Gierke H, Grossman F, et al. The jaw motions relative to the skull and their influence on hearing by bone conduction. J Acoust Soc Am 1952;24:142-6.
    • (1952) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.24 , pp. 142-146
    • Franke, E.1    Von Gierke, H.2    Grossman, F.3
  • 26
    • 0023766285 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of sound in the ear canal caused by movement of the jaw relative to the skull
    • Howell P, Williams M, Dix H. Assessment of sound in the ear canal caused by movement of the jaw relative to the skull. Scand Audiol 1988;17:93-8.
    • (1988) Scand Audiol , vol.17 , pp. 93-98
    • Howell, P.1    Williams, M.2    Dix, H.3
  • 28
    • 0024809926 scopus 로고
    • Jaw movement and bone-conduction in normal listeners and a unilateral hemi-mandibulectomee
    • Howell P, Williams M. Jaw movement and bone-conduction in normal listeners and a unilateral hemi-mandibulectomee. Scand Audiol 1989;18:231-6.
    • (1989) Scand Audiol , vol.18 , pp. 231-236
    • Howell, P.1    Williams, M.2
  • 29
    • 0001893809 scopus 로고
    • A new structure related to the temporomandibular joint and middle ear
    • Pinto O. A new structure related to the temporomandibular joint and middle ear. J Prosthetic Dent 1962;12:95-103.
    • (1962) J Prosthetic Dent , vol.12 , pp. 95-103
    • Pinto, O.1
  • 30
    • 0006205640 scopus 로고
    • The stability of the occlusion effect
    • Elpern B, Naunton R. The stability of the occlusion effect. Arch Otolaryngol 1963;77:44-52.
    • (1963) Arch Otolaryngol , vol.77 , pp. 44-52
    • Elpern, B.1    Naunton, R.2
  • 31
    • 0036165804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors contributing to bone conduction: The middle ear
    • Stenfelt S, Hato N, Goode RL. Factors contributing to bone conduction: the middle ear. J Acoust Soc Am 2002;111:947-59.
    • (2002) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.111 , pp. 947-959
    • Stenfelt, S.1    Hato, N.2    Goode, R.L.3
  • 33
    • 0002387156 scopus 로고
    • A contribution to the physiology of bone conduction
    • Bárány E. A contribution to the physiology of bone conduction. Acta Otolaryngol 1938;26:1-223.
    • (1938) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.26 , pp. 1-223
    • Bárány, E.1
  • 34
    • 0003043266 scopus 로고
    • The value of the Weber test
    • Schuknecht H, ed. Boston: Little, Brown & Company
    • Groen J. The value of the Weber test. In Schuknecht H, ed. Otosclerosis. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1962:165-74.
    • (1962) Otosclerosis , pp. 165-174
    • Groen, J.1
  • 35
    • 0000682623 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study on the fundamental mechanism of bone conduction
    • Kirikae I. An experimental study on the fundamental mechanism of bone conduction. Acta Otolaryngol 1959;145:1-111.
    • (1959) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.145 , pp. 1-111
    • Kirikae, I.1
  • 36
    • 0000318376 scopus 로고
    • Experimental study of bone conduction in ears with mechanical impairment of the ossicles
    • Legouix JP, Tarab S. Experimental study of bone conduction in ears with mechanical impairment of the ossicles. J Acoust Soc Am 1959;31:1453-7.
    • (1959) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.31 , pp. 1453-1457
    • Legouix, J.P.1    Tarab, S.2
  • 37
    • 0033986151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vibration characteristics of bone conducted sound in vitro
    • Stenfelt S, Håkansson B, Tjellström A. Vibration characteristics of bone conducted sound in vitro. J Acoust Soc Am 2000;107:422-31.
    • (2000) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.107 , pp. 422-431
    • Stenfelt, S.1    Håkansson, B.2    Tjellström, A.3
  • 38
    • 0028300608 scopus 로고
    • A method for determining three-dimensional vibration in the ear
    • Decraemer W, Khanna SM, Funnell W. A method for determining three-dimensional vibration in the ear. Hear Res 1994;77:19-37.
    • (1994) Hear Res , vol.77 , pp. 19-37
    • Decraemer, W.1    Khanna, S.M.2    Funnell, W.3
  • 40
    • 0026167903 scopus 로고
    • Microstructures of the bony modiolus in the human cochlea: Scanning electron microscopic study
    • Kucuk B, Abe K, Ushiki T, et al. Microstructures of the bony modiolus in the human cochlea: scanning electron microscopic study. J Electron Microsc 1991;40:193-7.
    • (1991) J Electron Microsc , vol.40 , pp. 193-197
    • Kucuk, B.1    Abe, K.2    Ushiki, T.3
  • 41
    • 0026073692 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of cerebrospinal fluid pressure changes to the inner ear and its effect on cochlear microphonics
    • Yoshida M, Uemura T. Transmission of cerebrospinal fluid pressure changes to the inner ear and its effect on cochlear microphonics. Eur Arch Oto Rhino Laryngol 1991;248:139-43.
    • (1991) Eur Arch Oto Rhino Laryngol , vol.248 , pp. 139-143
    • Yoshida, M.1    Uemura, T.2
  • 42
    • 0030976867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the normal human cochlear aqueduct with functional implications
    • Gropen Q, Rosowski J, Merchant S. Anatomy of the normal human cochlear aqueduct with functional implications. Hear Res 1997;107:9-22.
    • (1997) Hear Res , vol.107 , pp. 9-22
    • Gropen, Q.1    Rosowski, J.2    Merchant, S.3
  • 43
    • 0014346205 scopus 로고
    • Congenital absence of the oval window
    • Everberg G. Congenital absence of the oval window. Acta Otolaryngol 1968;66:320-32.
    • (1968) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.66 , pp. 320-332
    • Everberg, G.1
  • 44
    • 0000316930 scopus 로고
    • Das Knochenleitungsproblem Theoretische Erwagungen
    • Herzog H. Das Knochenleitungsproblem Theoretische Erwagungen. Z Hals Nas Ohrenh 1926;15:300-6.
    • (1926) Z Hals Nas Ohrenh , vol.15 , pp. 300-306
    • Herzog, H.1
  • 45
    • 0000316930 scopus 로고
    • Das Knochenleitungsproblem. Experimentelle Ergebnisse
    • Krainz W. Das Knochenleitungsproblem. Experimentelle Ergebnisse. Z Hals Nas Ohrenh 1926;15:306-13.
    • (1926) Z Hals Nas Ohrenh , vol.15 , pp. 306-313
    • Krainz, W.1
  • 46
    • 1042282522 scopus 로고
    • Effect of stapes fixation on bone conduction response
    • Schuknecht H, ed. Boston: Little, Brown & Company
    • Carhart R. Effect of stapes fixation on bone conduction response. In Schuknecht H, ed. Otosclerosis. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1962;175-97.
    • (1962) Otosclerosis , pp. 175-197
    • Carhart, R.1
  • 47
    • 0008270642 scopus 로고
    • Fenestration: Results, indications, limitations
    • Schuknecht H, ed. Boston: Little, Brown and Company
    • Walsh T. Fenestration: results, indications, limitations. In Schuknecht H, ed. Otosclerosis. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1962;245-250.
    • (1962) Otosclerosis , pp. 245-250
    • Walsh, T.1
  • 48
    • 0033941377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone conduction experiments in animals: Evidence for a non-osseous mechanism
    • Freeman S, Sichel JY, Sohmer H. Bone conduction experiments in animals: evidence for a non-osseous mechanism. Hear Res 2000;146:72-80.
    • (2000) Hear Res , vol.146 , pp. 72-80
    • Freeman, S.1    Sichel, J.Y.2    Sohmer, H.3
  • 49
    • 0029947622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linearity of sound transmission through the human skull in vivo
    • Håkansson B, Carlsson P, Brandt A, et al. Linearity of sound transmission through the human skull in vivo. J Acoust Soc Am 1996;99:2239-43.
    • (1996) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.99 , pp. 2239-2243
    • Håkansson, B.1    Carlsson, P.2    Brandt, A.3
  • 51
    • 0016942794 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical impedance of human head-bones (forehead and mastoid portion of temporal bone) measured under ISO/IEC conditions
    • Flottorp G, Solberg S. Mechanical impedance of human head-bones (forehead and mastoid portion of temporal bone) measured under ISO/IEC conditions. J Acoust Soc Am 1976;59:899-906.
    • (1976) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.59 , pp. 899-906
    • Flottorp, G.1    Solberg, S.2
  • 52
    • 0018784625 scopus 로고
    • Experimental analysis of the vibrational characteristics of the human skull
    • Khalil TB, Viano DC, Smith DL. Experimental analysis of the vibrational characteristics of the human skull. J Sound Vib 1979;3:351-76.
    • (1979) J Sound Vib , vol.3 , pp. 351-376
    • Khalil, T.B.1    Viano, D.C.2    Smith, D.L.3
  • 53
    • 0022508614 scopus 로고
    • The mechanical point impedance of the human head, with and without skin penetration
    • Håkansson B, Carlsson P, Tjellström A. The mechanical point impedance of the human head, with and without skin penetration. J Acoust Soc Am 1986;80:1065-75.
    • (1986) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.80 , pp. 1065-1075
    • Håkansson, B.1    Carlsson, P.2    Tjellström, A.3
  • 54
    • 2142804037 scopus 로고
    • Response of the human skull to mechanical vibrations
    • Franke E. Response of the human skull to mechanical vibrations. J Acoust Soc Am 1956;28:1277-84.
    • (1956) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.28 , pp. 1277-1284
    • Franke, E.1
  • 55
    • 0020532443 scopus 로고
    • A study of human head vibrations using time-averaged holography
    • Hoyer HE, Dörheide J. A study of human head vibrations using time-averaged holography. J Neurosurg 1983;58:729-33.
    • (1983) J Neurosurg , vol.58 , pp. 729-733
    • Hoyer, H.E.1    Dörheide, J.2
  • 56
    • 0021344241 scopus 로고
    • Holographic investigation of the impact response of human heads
    • Dörheide J, Hoyer HE. Holographic investigation of the impact response of human heads. J Neurosurg 1984;60:718-23.
    • (1984) J Neurosurg , vol.60 , pp. 718-723
    • Dörheide, J.1    Hoyer, H.E.2
  • 57
    • 0019733014 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial attenuation in bone conduction audiometry
    • Nolan M, Lyon DJ. Transcranial attenuation in bone conduction audiometry. J Laryngol Otol 1981;95:597-608.
    • (1981) J Laryngol Otol , vol.95 , pp. 597-608
    • Nolan, M.1    Lyon, D.J.2
  • 58
    • 0005254915 scopus 로고
    • The location on the skull of a bone conduction receiver and the lateralization of the sound impression
    • Spoor A, Schmidt P, van Dishoeck H. The location on the skull of a bone conduction receiver and the lateralization of the sound impression. Acta Otolaryngol 1957;48:594-7.
    • (1957) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.48 , pp. 594-597
    • Spoor, A.1    Schmidt, P.2    Van Dishoeck, H.3
  • 59
    • 0020312510 scopus 로고
    • Lateralization of bone-conducted sounds
    • Jahn A, Tonndorf J. Lateralization of bone-conducted sounds. Am J Otolaryngol 1982;3:133-40.
    • (1982) Am J Otolaryngol , vol.3 , pp. 133-140
    • Jahn, A.1    Tonndorf, J.2
  • 60
    • 0001357651 scopus 로고
    • Placement of vibrator in bone-conduction testing
    • Studebaker G. Placement of vibrator in bone-conduction testing. J Speech Hear Res 1962;5:321-31.
    • (1962) J Speech Hear Res , vol.5 , pp. 321-331
    • Studebaker, G.1
  • 61
    • 0014650066 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of frontal and mastoid bone-conduction thresholds in various conductive lesions
    • Dirks D, Malmquist C. Comparison of frontal and mastoid bone-conduction thresholds in various conductive lesions. J Speech Hear Res 1969;12:725-46.
    • (1969) J Speech Hear Res , vol.12 , pp. 725-746
    • Dirks, D.1    Malmquist, C.2
  • 62
    • 0014750969 scopus 로고
    • Bone-conduction thresholds: Relationships of frontal and mastoid measurement in conductive hypacusis
    • Goodhill V, Dirks D, Malmquist C. Bone-conduction thresholds: relationships of frontal and mastoid measurement in conductive hypacusis. Arch Otolaryngol 1970;91:250-6.
    • (1970) Arch Otolaryngol , vol.91 , pp. 250-256
    • Goodhill, V.1    Dirks, D.2    Malmquist, C.3
  • 63
    • 0019842446 scopus 로고
    • Threshold of hearing by bone conduction
    • Richter U, Brinkmann K. Threshold of hearing by bone conduction. Scand Audiol 1981;10:235-7.
    • (1981) Scand Audiol , vol.10 , pp. 235-237
    • Richter, U.1    Brinkmann, K.2
  • 64
    • 0032780672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to bone-conducted sound: Excitation of the mastoid vs the teeth
    • Stenfelt S, Håkansson B. Sensitivity to bone-conducted sound: excitation of the mastoid vs the teeth. Scand Audiol 1999;28:190-8.
    • (1999) Scand Audiol , vol.28 , pp. 190-198
    • Stenfelt, S.1    Håkansson, B.2
  • 65
    • 0031989088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone-conduction amplification with completely-in-the-canal hearing aids
    • Hayes DE, Chen JM. Bone-conduction amplification with completely-in-the-canal hearing aids. J Am Acad Audiol 1998;9:59-66.
    • (1998) J Am Acad Audiol , vol.9 , pp. 59-66
    • Hayes, D.E.1    Chen, J.M.2
  • 66
    • 0028795355 scopus 로고
    • Force threshold for hearing by direct bone conduction
    • Carlsson P, Håkansson B, Ringdahl A. Force threshold for hearing by direct bone conduction. J Acoust Soc Am 1995;97:1124-9.
    • (1995) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.97 , pp. 1124-1129
    • Carlsson, P.1    Håkansson, B.2    Ringdahl, A.3
  • 67
    • 0028059979 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the thickness of the skin and subcutaneous tissue covering the mastoid on bone-conduction thresholds obtained transcutaneously versus percutaneously
    • Mylanus E, Snik A, Cremers C. Influence of the thickness of the skin and subcutaneous tissue covering the mastoid on bone-conduction thresholds obtained transcutaneously versus percutaneously. Scand Audiol 1994;23:201-3.
    • (1994) Scand Audiol , vol.23 , pp. 201-203
    • Mylanus, E.1    Snik, A.2    Cremers, C.3
  • 68
    • 0020141516 scopus 로고
    • Changes in bone conduction thresholds with vibrator contact area
    • Queller JE, Khanna SM. Changes in bone conduction thresholds with vibrator contact area. J Acoust Soc Am 1982;71:1519-26.
    • (1982) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.71 , pp. 1519-1526
    • Queller, J.E.1    Khanna, S.M.2
  • 69
    • 0019788326 scopus 로고
    • Velocity of propagation of bone-conducted sound in a human head
    • Tonndorf J, Jahn AF. Velocity of propagation of bone-conducted sound in a human head. J Acoust Soc Am 1981;70:1294-7.
    • (1981) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.70 , pp. 1294-1297
    • Tonndorf, J.1    Jahn, A.F.2
  • 70
    • 0000700335 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic attenuation between the ears
    • Zwislocki J. Acoustic attenuation between the ears. J Acoust Soc Am 1953;25:752-9.
    • (1953) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.25 , pp. 752-759
    • Zwislocki, J.1
  • 71
    • 0012212732 scopus 로고
    • Vibration of the head in a sound field, and its role in hearing by bone conduction
    • von Békésy G. Vibration of the head in a sound field, and its role in hearing by bone conduction. J Acoust Soc Am 1948;20:727-48.
    • (1948) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.20 , pp. 727-748
    • Von Békésy, G.1
  • 72
    • 0043042842 scopus 로고
    • Factors related to bone conduction reliability
    • Dirks D. Factors related to bone conduction reliability. Arch Otolaryngol 1964;79:551-8.
    • (1964) Arch Otolaryngol , vol.79 , pp. 551-558
    • Dirks, D.1
  • 73
    • 84911673046 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of inner ear function and conductive hearing loss based on electrocochleography
    • Salomon G, Elberling C. Estimation of inner ear function and conductive hearing loss based on electrocochleography. Adv Audiol 1988;5:46-55.
    • (1988) Adv Audiol , vol.5 , pp. 46-55
    • Salomon, G.1    Elberling, C.2
  • 74
    • 0022416975 scopus 로고
    • Acceleration levels at hearing threshold with direct bone conduction versus conventional bone conduction
    • Håkansson B, Tjellström A, Rosenhall U. Acceleration levels at hearing threshold with direct bone conduction versus conventional bone conduction. Acta Otolaryngol 1985;100:240-52.
    • (1985) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.100 , pp. 240-252
    • Håkansson, B.1    Tjellström, A.2    Rosenhall, U.3
  • 75
    • 28144441614 scopus 로고
    • Air- and bone-conduction threshold under different masking conditions
    • Hanna YI, Barkat SM. Air- and bone-conduction threshold under different masking conditions. Acoustica 1990;71:218-22.
    • (1990) Acoustica , vol.71 , pp. 218-222
    • Hanna, Y.I.1    Barkat, S.M.2
  • 77
    • 0021346446 scopus 로고
    • Sensorineural hearing loss in stapedial otosclerosis
    • Browning GG, Gatehouse S. Sensorineural hearing loss in stapedial otosclerosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1984;93:13-6.
    • (1984) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol , vol.93 , pp. 13-16
    • Browning, G.G.1    Gatehouse, S.2
  • 78
    • 0027405939 scopus 로고
    • Change of bone conduction thresholds by total footplate stapedectomy in relation to age
    • Awengen D. Change of bone conduction thresholds by total footplate stapedectomy in relation to age. Am J Otolaryngol 1993;14:105-10.
    • (1993) Am J Otolaryngol , vol.14 , pp. 105-110
    • Awengen, D.1
  • 81
    • 0006354590 scopus 로고
    • Bone conduction and otosclerosis of the round window
    • Groen JJ, Hoogland GA. Bone conduction and otosclerosis of the round window. Acta Otolaryngol 1958;49:206-12.
    • (1958) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.49 , pp. 206-212
    • Groen, J.J.1    Hoogland, G.A.2
  • 83
    • 0007590169 scopus 로고
    • Oval window and round window surgery in extensive otosclerosis, a preliminary report
    • House W. Oval window and round window surgery in extensive otosclerosis, a preliminary report. Laryngoscope 1959;69:693-701.
    • (1959) Laryngoscope , vol.69 , pp. 693-701
    • House, W.1
  • 84
    • 0037951050 scopus 로고
    • External conductive hypacusis and the fixed malleus syndrome
    • Goodhill V. External conductive hypacusis and the fixed malleus syndrome. Acta Otolaryngol 1966;217:1-39.
    • (1966) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.217 , pp. 1-39
    • Goodhill, V.1
  • 85
    • 0009462908 scopus 로고
    • Middle ear conduction deafness and bone conduction
    • Palva T, Ojala L. Middle ear conduction deafness and bone conduction. Acta Otolaryngol 1955;45:137-152.
    • (1955) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.45 , pp. 137-152
    • Palva, T.1    Ojala, L.2
  • 87
    • 0033986013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superior canal dehiscence syndrome
    • Minor LB. Superior canal dehiscence syndrome. Am J Otol 2000;21:9-19.
    • (2000) Am J Otol , vol.21 , pp. 9-19
    • Minor, L.B.1
  • 88
    • 0037339711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehiscence of bone overlaying the superior canal as a case of apparent conductive hearing loss
    • Minor LB, Carey JP, Cremer PD, et al. Dehiscence of bone overlaying the superior canal as a case of apparent conductive hearing loss. Otol Neurotol 2003;24:270-8.
    • (2003) Otol Neurotol , vol.24 , pp. 270-278
    • Minor, L.B.1    Carey, J.P.2    Cremer, P.D.3
  • 89
    • 0019800783 scopus 로고
    • Bone-conducted speech: Intelligibility functions and threshold force levels for spondees
    • Beattie R, Smiarowski R. Bone-conducted speech: intelligibility functions and threshold force levels for spondees. Am J Otol 1981;3:109-15.
    • (1981) Am J Otol , vol.3 , pp. 109-115
    • Beattie, R.1    Smiarowski, R.2
  • 90
    • 0017475741 scopus 로고
    • Bone conducted speech audiometry with normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children
    • Valentine M, Stark E. Bone conducted speech audiometry with normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children. J Aud Res 1977;17:105-8.
    • (1977) J Aud Res , vol.17 , pp. 105-108
    • Valentine, M.1    Stark, E.2
  • 91
    • 0006300532 scopus 로고
    • Interaural phase and intensity relationships: The Weber test
    • Naunton R, Elpern B. Interaural phase and intensity relationships: the Weber test. Laryngoscope 1964;74:55-63.
    • (1964) Laryngoscope , vol.74 , pp. 55-63
    • Naunton, R.1    Elpern, B.2
  • 92
    • 0018732147 scopus 로고
    • Auditory brain stem evoked responses to bone-conducted signals
    • Mauldin L, Jerger J. Auditory brain stem evoked responses to bone-conducted signals. Arch Otolaryngol 1979;105:656-61.
    • (1979) Arch Otolaryngol , vol.105 , pp. 656-661
    • Mauldin, L.1    Jerger, J.2
  • 93
    • 0000786271 scopus 로고
    • The structure of the middle ear and the hearing of one's own voice by bone conduction
    • von Békésy G. The structure of the middle ear and the hearing of one's own voice by bone conduction. J Acoust Soc Am 1949;21:217-32.
    • (1949) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.21 , pp. 217-232
    • Von Békésy, G.1
  • 94
    • 0041110551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of bone conduction and air conduction on the sound of one's own voice
    • Pörschmann C. Influences of bone conduction and air conduction on the sound of one's own voice. Acta Acustica 2000;86:1038-45.
    • (2000) Acta Acustica , vol.86 , pp. 1038-1045
    • Pörschmann, C.1
  • 95
    • 0037327169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The balanced electromagnetic separation transducer: A new bone conduction transducer
    • Håkansson B. The balanced electromagnetic separation transducer: a new bone conduction transducer. J Acoust Soc Am 2003;113:818-25.
    • (2003) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.113 , pp. 818-825
    • Håkansson, B.1
  • 96
    • 0344034880 scopus 로고
    • A clinical method for calibrating the bone-conduction audiometer
    • Roach R, Carhart R. A clinical method for calibrating the bone-conduction audiometer. Arch Otolaryngol 1956;63:270-8.
    • (1956) Arch Otolaryngol , vol.63 , pp. 270-278
    • Roach, R.1    Carhart, R.2
  • 97
    • 0025041780 scopus 로고
    • Bone vibrator placement and the cancellation technique
    • Dempsey J, Lewitt H. Bone vibrator placement and the cancellation technique. Ear Hear 1990;11:271-81.
    • (1990) Ear Hear , vol.11 , pp. 271-281
    • Dempsey, J.1    Lewitt, H.2
  • 98
    • 0032860387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective calibration of bone conductors using otoacoustic emissions
    • Purcell D, Kunov H, Cleghorn W. Objective calibration of bone conductors using otoacoustic emissions. Ear Hear 1999;20:375-92.
    • (1999) Ear Hear , vol.20 , pp. 375-392
    • Purcell, D.1    Kunov, H.2    Cleghorn, W.3
  • 99
    • 0034915722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Audiometric evaluation of bilaterally fitted bone-anchored hearing aids
    • Bosman A, Snik A, van der Pouw C, et al. Audiometric evaluation of bilaterally fitted bone-anchored hearing aids. Audiology 2001;40:158-67.
    • (2001) Audiology , vol.40 , pp. 158-167
    • Bosman, A.1    Snik, A.2    Van Der Pouw, C.3
  • 100
    • 0037260191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the bone anchored hearing aid implantable hearing device with contralateral routing of offside signal amplification in the rehabilitation of unilateral deafness
    • Niparko J, Cox K, Lustig L. Comparison of the bone anchored hearing aid implantable hearing device with contralateral routing of offside signal amplification in the rehabilitation of unilateral deafness. Otol Neurotol 2003;24:73-8.
    • (2003) Otol Neurotol , vol.24 , pp. 73-78
    • Niparko, J.1    Cox, K.2    Lustig, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.