Coherence and polarization properties of far fields generated by quasi-homogeneous planar electromagnetic sources

Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision

Volumn 22, Issue 11, 2005, Pages 2547-2556

  Korotkova, Olga ^a,b   Hoover, Brian G ^c   Gamiz, Victor L ^d   Wolf, Emil ^a,b,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

^c Advanced Optical Technologies   (United States)

^d AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COHERENT LIGHT; LIGHT MODULATION; LIGHT MODULATORS; LIGHT POLARIZATION; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; OPTICAL SYSTEMS; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL OPTICS;

CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITY MATRIX; PLANAR ELECTROMAGNETIC SOURCES; QUASI-HOMOGENEOUS (QH) MODEL;

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY;

EID: 28044452687     PISSN: 10847529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.22.002547     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. L. Mandel and E. Wolf, Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics (Cambridge U. Press, New York, 1995).
2. W. H. Carter and E. Wolf, "Coherence properties of Lambertian and non-Lambertian sources," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 1067-1071 (1975).
3. R. A. Silverman, "Locally stationary random processes," IRE Trans. Inf. Theory 3, 182-187 (1957).
4. R. A. Silverman "Scattering of plane waves by locally homogeneous dielectric noise," Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 54, 530-537 (1958).
5. A. Ishimaru, "Correlation functions of a wave in a random distribution of stationary and moving scatterers," Radio Sci. 10, 45-52 (1975).
6. J. C. Leader, "Similarities and distinctions between coherence theory relations and laser scattering phenomena," Opt. Eng. (Bellingham) 19, 593-601 (1980).
7. B. G. Hoover, L. Deslauriers, S. M. Grannell, R. E. Ahmed, D. S. Dilworth, B. D. Athey, and E. N. Leith, "Correlations among angular wave component amplitudes in elastic multiple-scattering random media," Phys. Rev. E 65, 026614 (2002).
8. J. W. Goodman, Statistical Optics (Wiley, 1985), Chap. 5.
9. E. Wolf, "Unified theory of coherence and polarization of random electromagnetic beams," Phys. Lett. A 312, 263-267 (2003).
10. H. Roychowdhury and E. Wolf, "Determination of the electric cross-spectral density matrix of a random electromagnetic beam," Opt. Commim. 226, 57-60 (2003).
11. E. Wolf, "Correlation-induced changes in the degree of polarization, the degree of coherence and the spectrum of random electromagnetic beams on propagation," Opt. Lett. 28, 1078-1080 (2003).
12. We use the symbol μij(0) rather than η ij(0) that was employed in Ref. 9 to avoid co sion with the scalar theory.
13. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, 7th expanded ed. (Cambridge U. Press, Cambridge, UK 1999).
14. The Stokes parameter S0(0)(ρ, ω) that we use for normalization is just the spectral density S(0)(ρ, ω) of the source, given by Eq. (2.4).
15. A source that is linearly polarized along the y direction, say, obviously corresponds to the limit α(ω) → ∞.
16. This result represents essentially a generalization to the far field generated by QH electromagnetic sources of the well-known van Cittert-Zernike theorem of the scalar theory.
17. The Stokes parameters of the far-zone field can also be calculated from the normalized ones, because the Stokes parameter used for normalization, is just the spectral density S(∞)(rs, ω) of the far field, given by reciprocity relation (3.9).
18. The results derived in this section were found for some special cases in G. Piquero, R. Borghi, A. Mondello, and M. Santarsiero, "Far-field of beams generated by quasi-homogeneous sources passing through polarization gratings," Opt. Commun. 195, 339-350 (2001).
19. T. Shirai, O. Korotkova, and E. Wolf, "A method of generating electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beams," Pure Appl. Opt. 7, 232-237 (2005).
20. T. Shirai and E. Wolf, "Spatial coherence and polarization of electromagnetic beams modulated by random phase screens and their changes on propagation in free space," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 21, 1907-1916 (2004).
21. The amplitude filters in the experiments described in Ref. 19 generally produce nonuniform polarization. To ensure that the polarization of the synthesized source is uniform, these filters must have the same rms widths, i.e., σF1=σF2 [see Eqs. (15) and (16) of Ref. 19].
22. H. Roychowdhury and O. Korotkova, "Realizability conditions for electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model sources," Opt. Commun. 249, 379-385 (2005).
23. O. Korotkova, M. Salem and E. Wolf, "Beam conditions for radiation generated by an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model source," Opt. Lett. 29, 1173-1175 (2004).
24. The parameter α(ω) may be shown to be related to the angle ψ(ω) between the x axis and the direction of polarization at the source plane by the formula α(ω) = tan-1 ψ(ω) , -π/2 < ψ≤π/2. In practice, in order to control a(w), one can replace the beam splitter BS1 introduced in Ref. 19 with a polarizing beam splitter and place a polarization rotator (half-wave plate) in front of it. The parameter α(ω) can then be determined by rotating the half-wave plate.
25. The parameters characterizing the spectral polarization ellipse at each point can also be calculated directly from the elements of the cross-spectral density matrix [see O. Korotkova and E. Wolf, "Polarization state changes in random electromagnetic beams on propagation," Opt. Commun. 246, 35-43 (2005)].