Thermal management of the patient: Where does the patient lose and/or gain temperature?

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 632-639

  Taguchi, Akiko ^a   Kurz, Andrea ^b,c  

^a TOKYO WOMEN'S MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE   (United States)

Author keywords

Heat redistribution; Perioperative hypothermia; Shivering threshold; Therapeutic hypothermia; Vasoconstriction

Indexed keywords

BUSPIRONE; CLONIDINE; INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT; INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC AGENT; MAGNESIUM; NEFOPAM; OPIATE; PETHIDINE; SEDATIVE AGENT;

BLOOD CLOTTING DISORDER; BRAIN INJURY; CORE TEMPERATURE; CRYOANESTHESIA; DEVICE; HEART ARREST; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HUMAN; HYPOTHERMIA; HYPOXEMIA; LUNG TOXICITY; NAUSEA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATION DEPRESSION; REVIEW; SEDATION; SHIVERING; SIDE EFFECT; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; THERMOREGULATION; VASOCONSTRICTION; WOUND INFECTION;

EID: 28044444068     PISSN: 09527907     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.aco.0000191890.36691.cc     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Cheng C, Matsukawa T, Sessler DI, et al. Increasing mean skin temperature linearly reduces the core-temperature thresholds for vasoconstriction and shivering in humans. Anesthesiology 1995; 82:1160-1168.
2. Lopez M, Sessler DI, Walter K, et al. Rate and gender dependence of the sweating, vasoconstriction, and shivering thresholds in humans. Anesthesiology 1994; 80:780-788.
3. Sessler DI. Mild perioperative hypothermia. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1730-1737.
4. Matsukawa T, Sessler DI, Sessler AM, et al. Heat flow and distribution during induction of general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1995; 82:662-673.
5. Matsukawa T, Sessler DI, Chistensen R, et al. Heat flow and distribution during epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1995; 83:961-967.
6. Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R. Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization. Study of Wound Infection and Temperature Group. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1209-1215.
7. Melling AC, Ali B, Scott EM, et al. Effects of preoperative warming on the incidence of wound infection after clean surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2001; 358:876-880.
8. Schmied H, Kutz A, Sessler DI, et al. Mild hypothermia increases blood loss and transfusion requirements during total hip arthroplasty. Lancet 1996; 347:289-292.
9. Hofer CK, Worn M, Tavakoli R, et al. Influence of body core temperature on blood loss and transfusion requirements during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a comparison of 3 warming systems. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 129:838-843.
10. Frank SM, Fleisher LA, Breslow MJ, et al. Perioperative maintenance of normothermia reduces the incidence of morbid cardiac events: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 1997; 277:1127-1134.
11. Nesher N, Zisman E, Wolf T, et al. Strict thermoregulation attenuates myocardial injury during coronary artery bypass graft surgery as reflected by reduced levels of cardiac-specific troponin I. Anesth Analg 2003; 96:328-335.
12. Macario A, Dexter F. What are the most important risk factors for a patient's developing intraoperative hypothermia? Anesth Analg 2002; 94:215-220.
13. Sessler DI. Perioperative heat balance. Anesthesiology 2000; 92:578-596.
14. Stanley TO, Grocott HP, Phillips-Bute B, et al. Preliminary evaluation of the Arctic Sun temperature-controlling system during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 75:1140-1144.
15. Todd MM, Hindman BJ, Clarke WR, et al. Mild intraoperative hypothermia during surgery for intracranial aneurysm. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:135-145. This study evaluated the potential benefits of mild hypothermia during aneurysm clipping.
16. Kimme P, Fridrikssen S, Engdahl O, et al. Moderate hypothermia for 359 operations to clip cerebral aneurysms. Br J Anaesth 2004; 93:343-347.
17. Nathan HJ, Parlea L, Dupuis JY, et al. Safety of deliberate intraoperative and postoperative hypothermia for patients undergoing coronary artery surgery: a randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004; 127:1270-1275.
18. Guest JD, Vanni S, Silbert L. Mild hypothermia, blood loss and complications in elective spinal surgery. Spine J 2004; 4:130-137.
19. Marion DW, Penrod LE, Kelsey SF, et al. Treatment of traumatic brain injury with moderate hypothermia. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:540-546.
20. Bernard SA, Gray TW, Buist MD, et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:557-563.
21. Darby JM, Padosch SA, Kern KB, et al. Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:549-556.
22. Clifton GL, Miller ER, Choi SC, et al. Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:556-563.
23. Polderman KH, Ely EW, Badr AE, Girbes AR. Induced hypothermia in traumatic brain injury: considering the conflicting results of meta-analyses and moving forward. Intens Care Med 2004; 30:1860-1864.
24. Rohrer K, Ali SZ, Taniguchi Y, et al. Comparison of heat transfer using two different methods: endovascular versus surface cooling and rewarming in healthy volunteers [abstract]. Am Soc Anesthesiol 2004; 101:A-538.
25. Steinberg GK, Ogilvy CS, Shuer LM, et al. Comparison of endovascular and surface cooling during unruptured cerebral aneurysm repair. Neurosurgery 2004; 55:307-314.
26. Keller E, Imhoof H, Gasser S, et al. Endovascular cooling with heat exchange catherters: a new method to induce and maintain hypothermia. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:939-943.
27. Zweifler RM, Sessler DI, Zivin JA. Thermoregulatory vasoconstriction and shivering impede therapeutic hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke victims. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 1997; 6:100-104.
28. Mokhtarani M, Mahgoub AN, Morioka N, et al. Buspirone and meperidine synergistically reduce the shivering threshold. Anesth Analg 2001; 93:1233-1239.
29. Alfonsi P, Adam F, Passard A, et al. Nefopam, a nonsedative benzoxazocine analgesic, selectively reduces the shivering threshold in unanesthetized subjects. Anesthesiology 2004; 100:37-43.
30. Passard A, Alfonsi P, Sessler DI, et al. Clonidine and Nefopam are antagonistic on the shivering threshold in humans [abstract]. Am Soc Anesthesiol 2004; 101:A-365.
31. Wadhwa A, Sengupta P, Durrani J, et al. Magnesium sulphate only slightly reduces the shivering threshold in humans. Br J Anaesth 2005; 94:756-762.
32. Mokhtarani M, Mahgoub AN, Morioka N, et al. Buspiron and meperidine synergistically reduce the shivering threshold. Anesth Analg 2001; 93:1233-1239.
33. Komatsu R, Sengupta, P, Cherynak, G, et al. Doxapram only slightly reduces the shivering threshold in healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg 2005 (in press).
34. Yamakage M, Namiki A. Intravenous fluid administration and management of body temperature [in Japanese]. Masui 2004; 53:10-22.
35. Yamakage M, Sasaki H, Jeong SW, et al. Safe and beneficial effect on body core temperature of prewarmed plasma substitute hydroxyethyl starch during anesthesia [abstract]. Am Soc Anesthesiol 2004; 101:A-1285.
36. Morris RH. Operating room temperature and the anesthetized, paralyzed patient. Surgery 1971; 102:95-97.
37. Sessler DI, McGuire J, Sessler AM. Perioperative thermal insulation. Anesthesiology 1991; 74:875-879.
38. Sessler DI, Schroeder M. Heat loss in humans covered with cotton hospital blankets. Anesth Analg 1993; 77:73-77.
39. Bräuer A, Perl T, Uyanik Z, et al. Perioperative thermal insulation: minimal clinically important differences? Br J Anaesth 2004; 92:836-840.
40. Maglinger PE, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R. Cutaneous heat loss with three surgical drapes, one impervious to moisture. Anesth Analg 2005; 100:738-742.
41. Morris RH, Kumar A. The effect of warming blankets on maintenance of body temperature of the anesthetized, paralyzed adult patient. Anesthesiology 1972; 36:408-411.
42. Kokate JY, Leland KJ, Held AM, et al. Temperature-modulated pressure ulcers: a porcine model. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995; 76:666-673.
43. Crino MH, Nagel EL. Thermal burns caused by warming blankets in the operating room. Anesthesiology 1968; 29:149-151.
44. Sessler DI, Moayeri A. Skin-surface warming: heat flux and central temperature. Anesthesiology 1990; 73:218-224.
45. Nesher N, Wolf T, Kushnir I, et al. Novel thermoregulation system for enhancing cardiac function and hemodynamics during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72:S1069-S1076.
46. Stanley TO, Grocott, HP, Philips-Bute B, et al. Preliminary evaluation of the Arctic Sun™ temperature controlling system during off pump ocronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2005 (in press).
47. Lenhardt R. Monitoring and thermal management. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2003; 17:569-581.
48. Sessler DI, Schroeder M, Merrifield B, et al. Optimal duration and temperature of prewarming. Anesthesiology 1995; 82:674-681.
49. Hynson J, Sessler DI. Intraoperative warming therapies: a comparison of three devices. J Clin Anesth 1992; 4:194-199.
50. Kurz A, Kurz M, Poeschl G, et al. Forced-air warming maintains intraoperative normothermia better than circulating-water mattresses. Anesth Analg 1993; 77:89-95.
51. Negishi C, Hasegawa K, Mukai S, et al. Resistive-heating and forced-air warming are comparably effective. Anesth Analg 2003; 96:1683-1687.
52. Matsuzaki Y, Matsukawa T, Ohki K, et al. Warming by resistive heating maintains perioperative normothermia as well as forced air heating. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90:689-691.
53. Taguchi A, Ratnaraj J, Kabon B, et al. Effects of a circulating-water garment and forced-air warming on body heat content and core temperature. Anesthesiology 2004; 100:1058-1064.
54. Grocott HP, Mathew JP, Carver EH, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the Arctic Sun Temperature Management System versus conventional methods for preventing hypothermia during off-pump cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2004; 98:298-302.
55. Janicki PK, Higgins MS, Janssen J, et al. Comparison of two different temperature maintenance strategies during open abdominal surgery: upper body forced-air warming versus whole body water garment. Anesthesiology 2001; 95:868-874.
56. Playford H, Frumento R, Mongero L, et al. Evaluation of postoperative parameters of the intraoperative use of the Arctic Sun temperature-controlling system in cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2004; (Suppl 4):98.
57. Bar-Yosef S, Mathew JP, Newman MF, et al. Prevention of cerebral hyperthermia during cardiac surgery by limiting on-bypass rewarming in combination with post-bypass body surface warming: a feasibility study. Anesth Analg 2004; 99:641-646.
58. Woo JY, Atluri P, Grand TJ, et al. Active thermoregulation improves outcome of off-pump coronary artery bypass. Asian Cardiovasc Thor Annals 2005; 13:157-160.
59. Ratnaraj J, Taguchi A, Kurz A. A survey of post anesthesia core temperatures [abstract]. Am Soc Anesthesiol 2004; 101:A-1328.