The psychological effects of Intifada Al Aqsa: Acute stress disorder and distress in Palestinian-Israeli students

Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences

Volumn 42, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 96-105

  Musallam, Naiera ^a   Ginzburg, Karni ^a   Lev Shalem, Liat ^a   Solomon, Zahava ^a  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 27944478660     PISSN: 03337308     EISSN: 26172402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. B'tselem. The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories, www.betselem.org; 2003.
2. Ganim A, Smooha S. Attitudes of the Arabs to the State of Israel. http://66.155.17.109/peace/publications.asp#academic; Haviva Institute of Peace Research, 2001.
3. Ben Meir E. Israeli Arabs: To whom do they pledge allegiance? Ariel Center for Policy Research, 2002.
4. Essed P. Understanding everyday racism: An interdisciplinary theory. Thousand Oaks, Cal.: Sage, 1991.
5. Montiel C. Political trauma and recovery in a protracted conflict: Understanding contextual effects. J Peace Psychology 2002;6:93-111.
6. Solomon Z. The effect of stressful experience on coping with war trauma and captivity. Psychol Med 1995;25:1289-1294.
7. Solomon Z. Combat stress reaction. The enduring toll of war. New York: Plenum, 1993.
8. Wortman CB, Silver RC. The myth of coping with loss. J Consult Clin Psychology 1989;57:349-357.
9. Lazarus RC, Folkman S. Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. Eur J Personality 1987;1:141-169.
10. Dunmore E, Clark DM, Ehlers A. Cognitive factors involved in the onset and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after physical or sexual assault. Behav Res Therapy 1999;37:809-829.
11. Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK. Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. J Personality Soc Psychology 1989;56:267-283.
12. Lazarus RS. Coping theory and research: Past, present, and future. Psychosom Med 1993;55:234-247.
13. Bryant RA, Crooks J, Baguley IJ, Gurka JA. Posttraumatic stress disorder and psychosocial functioning after severe traumatic brain injury. J Nerv Ment Dis 2001;189:109-113.
14. Ginzburg K, Solomon Z, Bleich A. Repressive coping style, acute stress disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder after myocardial infarction. Psychosom Med 2002;64:748-757.
15. Arata CM, Burkhart BR. Coping appraisals and adjustment to nonstranger sexual assault. Violence Against Women 1998;4:224-239.
16. Solomon Z, Mikulincer M, Arad R. Monitoring and blunting: Implications for combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. J Traumatic Stress 1991;4:209-221.
17. Solomon Z, Prager E. Elderly Israeli Holocaust survivors during the Persian Gulf War: A study of psychological distress. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:1707-1710.
18. th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author, 1994.
19. Bryant RA, Harvey AG. Processing threatening information in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Abnormal Psychology 1995;104:537-541.
20. Cardena E, Koopman C, Classen C, Waelde LC, Speigel D. Psychometric properties of the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ): A valid and reliable measure of acute stress. J Traumatic Stress 2000;13:719-734.
21. Derogatis LR, Melisaratos N. The Brief Symptom Inventory: An introductory report. Psychol Med 1983;13:595-605.
22. Cochran CD, Hale WD. College student norms on the Brief Symptom Inventory. J Clin Psychology 1985;41:777-779.
23. Gilbar O, Ben Zur H. Adult Israeli community norms for the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Int J Stress Management 2002;9:1-10.
24. Bleich A, Gelkopf M, Solomon Z. Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and coping behaviors among a nationally representative sample in Israel. JAMA 2003;290:612-690.
25. Galea A, Ahern J, Resnick H, Kilpatrick D, Bucovalas M, Gold J, et al. Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. N Engl J Med 2002;346:982-987.
26. Silver RC, Holman EA, McIntosh DN, Poulin M, Gil V. Nationwide longitudinal study of psychological responses to September 11. JAMA 2002;288:1235-1244.
27. Butts HF. The black masks of humanity: Racial/ethnic discrimination and post-traumatic stress disorder. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2002;30:336-339.
28. Loo CM. Race-related PTSD: The Asian American Vietnam veterans. J Traumatic Stress 1994;7:637-656.
29. Figley CR. Treating compassion fatigue. Philadelphia: Brunner, 2002.
30. Oyserman D. The lens of personhood: Viewing the self and others in a multicultural society. J Personality Soc Psychology 1993;65:993-1009.
31. Schlenger WE, Caddell JM, Ebert L, Jordan BK, Rourke KM, Wilson D, Thalji L, Dennis JM, Fairbank JA, Kulka RA. Psychological reactions to terrorist attacks: Findings from the National Study of Americans' Reactions to September 11. JAMA. 2002;288:581-588.
32. Lee J, Lei A, Sue S. The current state of mental health research on Asian Americans. J Human Behavior Soc Environment 2001;3:159-178.
33. King DW, King LA, Gudanowski DM, Vreven DL. Alternative representations of war zone stressors: Relationships to posttraumatic stress disorder in male and female Vietnam veterans. J Abnormal Psychology 1995;104:184-196.
34. Solomon Z, Mickulincer M, Avitzur E. Coping, locus of control, social support, and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A prospective study. J Personality Soc Psychology 1988;55:279-285.
35. Kanninen K, Punanaki RL, Qouta S. The relation of appraisal, coping efforts, and acuteness of trauma to PTS symptoms among former political prisoners. J Trauma Stress 2002;15:245-253.