Annual effective dose of ionizing radiation from natural sources: United States based airline pilots compared with non-flying residents of the United States

Advances in Space Research

Volumn 36, Issue 9, 2005, Pages 1653-1656

  Friedberg, Wallace ^a   Copeland, Kyle ^a   Duke, Frances E ^a   Darden Jr , Edgar B ^b  

^a CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIVERSITIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Ionizing radiation; Pilots

Indexed keywords

DOSIMETERS; DOSIMETRY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK MANAGEMENT; TUMORS;

AIRLINE PILOTS; FATAL CANCERS; NATURAL SOURCES;

IONIZING RADIATION;

EID: 27844569037     PISSN: 02731177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.034     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. FAA, Federal Aviation Administration Civil Aerospace Medical Institute. Radiobiology Research Team Available from: http://www.cami.jccbi.gov/radiation. html 2004
2. L.-E. Holm Current activities of the international commission on radiological protection Health Phys 87 3 2004 300 305 (a radiation weighting factor of 2 for protons with energies greater than 10 MeV is proposed, p. 301)
3. ICRP, International Commission on Radiological Protection. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Report No. 60, Pergamon Press Inc., Elmsford, New York, 1991. (primary source of data for estimating risk of fatal cancer, p. 114, 115), 1991.
4. A. Jemal, T. Murray, A. Samuels, A. Ghafoor, E. Ward, and M.J. Thun Cancer statistics CA Cancer J. Clin. 53 1 2003 5 26 (Table 3: WY 3% lower, UT 26% lower)
5. F. Marcinowski, R.M. Lucas, and W.M. Yeager National and regional distributions of airborne radon concentrations in US homes Health Phys 66 6 1994 699 706 (US average indoor radon concentration, p. 699; indoor radon concentration in EPA Region 8, p. 705)
6. NCRP, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Exposure of the Population in the United States and Canada from Natural Background Radiation, NCRP Report No. 94, Bethesda, MD, 1987 (GCR in Denver, CO, p. 23; US average from GCR, p. 140; terrestrial gamma radiation in the Denver, CO area, p. 89; cosmogenic radiation, p. 144, 148; radionuclides in body tissues, p. 148), 1987.
7. NCRP, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Uncertainties in Fatal Cancer Risk Estimates Used in Radiation Protection, NCRP Report No. 126, Bethesda, MD, 1997.
8. NCRP, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Radiation Protection Guidance for Activities in Low-Earth Orbit, NCRP Report No. 132, Bethesda, MD, 2000 (radiation weighting factors, p. 45), 2000.
9. UNSCEAR, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Volume I: Sources, United Nations, New York, (indoor and outdoor occupancy in a year, p. 107; building shielding from GCR, p. 87; terrestrial gamma radiation, p. 117; conversion from absorbed dose in air to effective dose, p. 92; radon equilibrium factors, p. 103, 104; conversion from radon concentration to effective dose, p. 107; indoor radon concentrations, p. 133), 2000.
10. USDD, United States Department of Defense, in: Glasstone, S. (Ed). The Effects of Nuclear Weapons: Revised Edition. United States Atomic Energy Commission, 1964. (fission energies, p. 12, 13), 1964.
11. USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency Indoor Air Quality - Where You Live Available from: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/whereyoulive.html 2004 (states in EPA Region 8, p. 1)
12. USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency Indoor Air-Radon Frequently Asked Questions Available from: http://www.epa.gov/radon/radonqa1. html 2004 (outdoor radon level in the US, p. 2)