Supporting empathy in online learning with artificial expressions

Educational Technology and Society

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 22-30

  Lyons, Michael J ^a   Kluender, Daniel ^b   Tetsutani, Nobuji ^c  

^a ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL   (Japan)

^b RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^c TOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Affective Computing; Artificial Expressions; Empathy; Web based Tutoring Systems

Indexed keywords

EID: 27844563277     PISSN: 11763647     EISSN: 14364522     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (17)

1. Arnheim, R. (1969). Visual Thinking, Berkeley CA: University of California Press.
2. Birdwhistell, R. L. (1970). Kinesics and Context, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
3. Cassell, J., Sullivan, J., Prevost, S., & Churchill, E. (2000). Embodied Conversational Agents, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
4. Darwin, C. (1872). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, London, UK: John Murray.
5. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). The repertoire of nonverbal behaviour: Categories, origins, usage, and coding. Semiotica, 1, 49-98.
6. Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By, Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press.
7. Lyons, M. J., Budynek, J., & Akamatsu, S. (1999). Automatic Classification of Single Facial Images. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 21 (12), 1357-1362.
8. Lyons, M. J., Campbell, R., Plante, A., Coleman, M., Kamachi, M., & Akamatsu, S. (2000). The Noh Mask Effect: Vertical Viewpoint Dependence of Facial Expression Perception. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 267, 2239-2245, Retrieved October 25, 2005, from, http://www.irc.atr.jp/∼mlyons/ pub_pdf/noh_mask.pdf.
9. Mehrabian, A. (1972). Nonverbal Communication, Chicago, USA: Aldine-Atherton.
10. Oatley, K., & Jenkins, J. (1996). Understanding Emotions, Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
11. Pantic, M., & Rothkrantz, L. J. M. (2000). Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 22, 1424 -1445.
12. Picard, R. W. (2000). Affective Computing, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
13. Russell, J. A. (2003). Core Affect and the Psychological Construction of Emotion. Psychological Review, 110 (1), 145-172.
14. Thompson, E. (2001). Empathy and Consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 8 (5-7), 1-32.
15. Varela, F., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
16. Vygotsky, L. S. (1980). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
17. Weiser, M., & Brown, J. S. (1996). The Coming Age of Calm Technology, Retrieved October 11, 2005, from, http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/ acmfuture2endnote.htm.