Dysphoric responses to a naturalistic stressor: Interactive effects of hope and defense style

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 24, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 638-648

  Reff, Robert C ^a   Kwon, Paul ^a   Campbell, Duncan G ^a  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 27844512640     PISSN: 07367236     EISSN: 07367236     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2005.24.5.638     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Aiken, L. S. & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park: Sage publications.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Andrews, G., Pollock, C., & Stewart, G. (1989). The determination of defense style by questionnaire. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 455-460.
4. Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
5. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory manual (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
6. Bond, M., Gardner, S. T., Christian, J., & Sigal, J. J. (1983). Empirical study of self-rated defense styles. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 333-338.
7. Cheavens, J. (2000). Hope and depression: Light through the shadows. In C. R. Snyder, (Ed). Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, and applications. (pp. 321-340). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
8. Cohen, J. & Cohen P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
9. Curry, L. A., Snyder, C. R., Cook, D. L., Ruby, B. C., & Rehm, M. (1997). Role of hope in academic and sport achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1257-1267.
10. Dozois, D. J. A., Dobson, K. S., & Ahnberg, J. L. (1998). A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Assessment, 10, 83-89.
11. Kwon P. (2000). Hope and dysphoria: The moderating role of defense mechanisms. Journal of Personality, 68, 199-223.
12. Kwon P. (2002). Hope, defense mechanisms, and adjustment: Implications for false hope and defensive hopelessness. Journal of Personality, 70, 207-231.
13. Lampropoulos, G. K. (2001). Integrating psychopathology, positive psychology, and psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 56, 87-88.
14. Metalsky, G. I., Joiner, T. E., Hardin, T. S., & Abramson, L. Y. (1993). Depressive reactions to failure in a naturalistic setting: A test of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 101-109.
15. Norem, J. K. & Cantor, N. (1986a). Anticipatory and post hoc cushioning strategies: Optimism and defensive pessimism in "risky" situations. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10, 347-362.
16. Norem, J. K. & Cantor, N. (1986b). Defensive pessimism: Harnessing anxiety as motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1208-1217.
17. Nunn, K. P. (1996). Personal hopefulness: A conceptual review of the relevance of the perceived future to psychiatry. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 69, 227-245.
18. Ralph, J. A. & Mineka, S. (1998). Attributional style and self-esteem: The prediction ofemotional distress following a midterm exam. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 203-215.
19. Seligman, E. P. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
20. Showers, C. (1992). The motivational and emotional consequences of considering positive or negative possibilities for an upcoming event. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 474-484.
21. Snyder, C. R. (1995). Conceptualizing, measuring, and nurturing hope. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73, 355-360.
22. Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows of the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 249-275.
23. Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, I. R., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 570-585.
24. Snyder, C. R., Rand, K. L., King, E. A, Feldman, D. B., & Woodward, J. T. (2002). "False" hope. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1003-1022.
25. Snyder, C. R., Shorey, H., Cheavens, J., Pulvers, K. M., Adams III, V. H., & Wiklund, C. (2002). Hope and academic success in college. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 820-826.
26. Taylor, S. E. & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
27. Vaillant, G.E. (1976). Natural history of male psychological health: V. The relation of choice of ego mechanisms of defense to adult adjustment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 535-545.
28. Vaillant, G. E. (2000). Adaptive mental mechanisms: Their role in a positive psychology. American Psychologist, 55, 89-98.
29. Vaillant, G. E. & Schnurr, P. (1988). What is a case? A 45-year study of psychiatric impairment within a college sample selected for mental health. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 313-319.