Constrained iterative technique with embedded neural network for dual-polarization radar correction of rain path attenuation

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

Volumn 43, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 2305-2312

  Vulpiani, Gianfranco ^a,b,c,e   Marzano, Frank Silvio ^a,c,d   Chandrasekar, V ^a,e   Lim, Sanghun ^e  

^a IEEE   (Italy)

^b Department of Electrical Engineering ^*  (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

^d SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^e Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

Attenuation correction; Neural networks; Polarimetric rain rate retrieval

Indexed keywords

EMBEDDED NEURAL NETWORKS; PATH ATTENUATION; POLARIMETRIC MODELS;

COMPUTER SIMULATION; ITERATIVE METHODS; NEURAL NETWORKS; RADAR;

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS;

EID: 27844472822     PISSN: 01962892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2005.855623     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. V. N. Bringi and V. Chandrasekar, Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001.
2. R. J. Doviak, V. Bringi, A. Ryzhkov, A. Zahrai, and S. S. Zrnić, "Considerations for polarimetric upgrades to operational WSR-88D radars," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., vol. 17, pp. 257-278, 2000.
3. E. Gorgucci, G. Scarchilli, and V. Chandrasekar, "Sensitivity of multiparameter radar rainfall algorithms," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 105, pp. 2215-2223, 2000.
4. E. Gorgucci, V. Chandrasekar, V. N. Bringi, and G. Scarchilli, "Estimation of raindrop size distribution parameters from polarimetric radar measurements," J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 59, pp. 2373-2384.
5. T. J. Smyth and A. J. Illingworth, "Correction for attenuation of radar reflectivity using polarization data," Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 124, pp. 2393-2415, 1998.
6. J. Testud, E. Le Bouar, E. Obligis, and M. Ali-Mehenni, "The rain profiling algorithm applied to polarimetric weather radar," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., vol. 17, pp. 332-356, 2000.
7. E. Le Bouar, J. Testud, and T. D. Keenan, "Validation of the rain profiling algorithm ZPHI from the C-band polarimetric weather radar in Darwin," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., vol. 18, pp. 1819-1837, 2001.
8. V. N. Bringi, T. D. Keenan, and V. Chandrasekar, "Correcting C-band radar reflectivity and differential reflectivity data for rain attenuation: A self-consistent method with constraints," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 1906-1915, Sep. 2001.
9. V. N. Bringi, V. Chandrasekar, N. Balakrishnan, and D. S. Zrnić, "An examination of propagation effects in rainfall on radar measurements at microwave frequencies," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., vol. 7, pp. 829-840, 1990.
10. J. Hubbert, V. Chandrasekar, and V. Bringi, "Processing and interpretation of coherent dual-polarized radar measurements," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., vol. 10, pp. 155-164, 1993.
11. D. S. Zmić and A. Ryzhkov, "Advantages of rain measurements using specific differential phase," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., vol. 13, pp. 454-464, 1996.
12. P. H. Hildebrand, "Iterative correction for attenuation of 5 cm radar in rain," J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 17, pp. 508-514, 1978.
13. R. Meneghini, "Rain rate estimates for an attenuating radar," Radio Sci., vol. 13, pp. 459-470, 1978.
14. K. Aydin, Y. Zhao, and T. A. Seliga, "Rain-induced attenuation effects on C-band dual-polarization meteorological radar," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 57-66, Jan. 1989.
15. E. Gorgucci, G. Scarchilli, and V. Chandrasekar, "Error structrure of radar rainfall measurement at C-band frequencies with dual-polarization algorithm for attenuation correction," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 101, pp. 26461-26471, 1996.
16. W. Hitschfeld and J. Bordan, "Errors inherent in the radar measurement of rainfall at attenuating wavelengths," J. Meteorol., vol. 58-67, 1954.
17. R. Meneghini, J. Eckerman, and D. Atlas, "Determination of rain rate from spaceborne radar using measurements of total attenuation," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. GE-21, no. 1, pp. 34-43, Jan. 1983.
18. R. Meneghini and K. Nakamura, "Range profiling of the rain rate by an airborne weather radar," Remot. Sens. Environ., vol. 31, pp. 193-209, 1990.
19. M. Marzoug and P. Amayenc, "Improved range-profiling algorithm of rainfall rate from a spaceborne radar with path-integrated attenuation constraint," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 584-592, Jul. 1991.
20. R. Meneghini, T. Kozu, H. Kumagai, and W. C. Boncyk, "A study of rain estimation methods from space using dual-wavelength radar measurements at near-nadir incidence over ocean," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., vol. 9, pp. 364-382, 1992.
21. M. Marzoug and P. Amayenc, "A class of single- and dual-frequency algorithms for rain-rate profiling from spaceborne radar," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., vol. 11, pp. 1480-1506, 1994.
22. T. Iguchi and R. Meneghini, "Intercomparisons of single-frequency methods for retrieving a vertical profile from airborne or spaceborne radar data," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., vol. 11, pp. 1507-1516, 1994.
23. T. Iguchi, T. Kozu, R. Meneghini, J. Awaka, and K. Okamoto, "Rain-profiling algorithm for the TRMM precipitation radar," J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 39, pp. 2038-2052, 2000.
24. R. Meneghini, T. Iguchi, T. Kozu, L. Liao, K. Okamoto, J. A. Jones, and J. Kwiatkowski, "Use of the surface reference technique for the path attenuation estimates from the TRMM precipitation radar," J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 39, pp. 2053-2070, 2000.
25. A. R. Jameson, "The effect of temperature on attenuation-correction schemes in rain using polarization propagation differential phase shift," J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 31, pp. 1106-1118, 1992.
26. J. Hubbert and V. Bringi, "An iterative filtering technique for the analysis of copolar differential phase and dual-frequency radar measurements," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., vol. 15, pp. 643-648, 1995.
27. F. S. Marzano, E. Picciotti, and G. Vulpiani, "Rain field and reflectivity vertical profile reconstruction from C-band radar volumetric data," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 1033-1046, May 2004.
28. G. Vulpiani, E. Picciotti, G. Ferrauto, and F. S. Marzano, "Sensitivity analysis of self-consistent polarimetric rain retrieval to C-band radar observables," in Proc. IGARSS, vol. 2, Toulouse, France, Jul. 21-15, 2003, pp. 1160-1162.
29. R. J. Doviak and D. S. Zrnić, Doppler Radar and Weather Observations, 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic, 1993.
30. J. S. Marshall and W. M. K. Palmer, "The distribution of rain-drops with size," J. Meteorol., vol. 5, pp. 165-166, 1948.
31. R. S. Sekon and R. C. Srivastava, "Doppler radar observations of drop size distribution in a thunderstorm," J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 28, pp. 983-994, 1971.
32. V. Chandrasekar and V. N. Bringi, "Simulation of radar reflectivity and surface measurements of rainfall," J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., vol. 4, pp. 464-478, 1987.
33. J. Testud, S. Oury, R. A. Black, P. Amayenc, and X. Dou, "The concept of "normalized" distribution to describe raindrop spectra: A tool for cloud physics and cloud remote sensing," J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 40, pp. 1118-1140, 2001.
34. A. J. Illingworth and T. M. Blackman, "The need to represent raindrop size spectra as normalized gamma distributions for the interpretation of polarization radar observations," J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 41, pp. 1578-1583, 2002.
35. C. Chuang and K. V. Beard, "A numerical model for the equilibrium shape of electrified raindrops," J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 19, pp. 1374-1389, 1990.
36. K. V. Beard and A. R. Jameson, "Raindrop canting," J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 40, pp. 448-454, 1983.
37. M. I. Mishchenko, "Light scattering by randomly oriented axially symmetric particles," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 8, pp. 871-882, 1991.
38. _, "Calculation of the amplitude matrix for a nonspherical particle in a fixed orientation," Appl. Opt., vol. 39, pp. 1026-1031, 2000.
39. _, Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles. Orlando, FL: Academic, 2000.
40. P. S. Ray, "Broadband complex refractive indexes of ice and water," Appl. Opt., vol. 11, pp. 1836-1844, 1972.
41. D. Atlas and C. W. Ulbrich, "Path- and area-integrated rainfall measurement by microwave attenuation at 1-3 cm band," J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 16, pp. 1322-1331, 1977.
42. G. Vulpiani, E. Picciotti, G. Ferrauto, F. S. Marzano, and V. Chandrasekar, "C-band dual polarization observation of rainfall: Application of an iterative approach with embedded neural network," presented at the 3rd ERAD Conf., Visby, Sweden, Sep. 6-10, 2004.
43. G. Vulpiani, F. S. Marzano, and V. Chandrasekar, "Model-based iterative approach to polarimetric radar rainfall estimation in presence of path attenuation," Adv. Geosci., vol. 2, pp. 51-57, 2005.
44. M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, Eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, 9th printing. New York: Dover, 1972.
45. G. Scarchilli, E. Gorgucci, V. Chandrasekar, and T. A. Seliga, "Rainfall estimation using polarimetric techniques at C-band frequencies," J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 32, pp. 1150-1160, 1993.
46. V. Chandrasekar, E. Gorgucci, and G. Scharchilli, "Optimization of multiparameter radar estimates of rainfall," J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 12, pp. 1288-1293, 1993.
47. E. Gorgucci, G. Scharchilli, and V. Chandrasekar, "A procedure to calibrate multiparameter weather radar using properties of the rain medium," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 269-276, Jan. 1999.
48. S. Haykin, Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation. New York: Macmillan, 1995.
49. F. S. Marzano and P. Bauer, "Sensitivity analysis of airborne microwave retrieval of stratiform precipitation to the melting layer parameterization," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 75-91, Jan. 2001.