Multi-layer structure of mid-latitude sporadic-E observed during the SEEK-2 campaign

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 23, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 2347-2355

  Wakabayashi, M ^a   Ono, T ^a  

^a TOHOKU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Ionosphere (Electric fields; Ionospheric irregularities; Mid latitude ionosphere

Indexed keywords

IONOSPHERE;

EID: 27844451476     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: 14320576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/angeo-23-2347-2005     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Axford, W. I.: The formation and vertical movement of dense ionized layers in the ionosphere due to neutral wind shears, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 769-779, 1963.
2. Bernhardt, P. A.: The modulation of sporadic-E layers by Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in the neutral atmosphere, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 64, 1487-1504, 2002.
3. Bowen, P. J., Norman, K., Willmore, A. P., Baguette, J-M., Murtin F., and Storey L. R. O.: Rocket studies of sporadic-E ionization and ionospheric winds, Planet. Space Sci., 12, 1173-1177, 1964.
4. Cosgrove, R. B. and Tsunoda, R. T.: Simulation of the nonlinear evolution of the sporadic-E layer instability in the night-time midlatitude ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A7), 1283, doi:10.1029/ 2002JA009728, 2003.
5. Dorling E. B., Norman, K., and Willmore, A. P.: Rocket studies of sporadic-E ionization, Planet. Space Sci., 17, 1207-1211, 1969.
6. Fujitaka, K. and Tohmatsu, T.: A tidal theory of the ionospheric intermediate layer, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 35, 3, 425-438, 1973.
7. Fukao, S., Yamamoto, M., Tsunoda, R. T., Hayakawa, H., and Mukai, T.: The SEEK (Sporadic-E Experiment over Kyushu) campaign, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1761-1764, 1998.
8. Haldoupis, C., Kelley, M. C., Hussey, G. C., and Shalimov, S.: Role of unstable sporadic-E layers in the generation of midlatitude spread F, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A12), 1446, doi:10.1029/2003JA009956, 2003.
9. Huuskonen, A., Nygren, T., Jalonen, L., Bjørnå, N., Hansen, T. L., and Brekke, A.: Ion composition in sporadic E layers measured by the EISCAT UHF radar, J. Geophys. Res., 93(A12), 14 603-14 610, 1988.
10. Kato, S., Aso, T., Horiuchi, T., Nakamura, J., and Matsuoka, T.: Sporadic-E formation by wind shear, comparison between observation and theory, Radio Sci., 7, 359-362, 1972.
11. Kirkwood, S.: Thin ion layers in the high-latitude lower ionosphere, Adv. Space Res., 19, 1, 149-158, 1997.
12. Kirkwood, S. and von Zahn, U.: On the role of auroral electric fields in the formation of low altitude sporadic-E and sudden sodium layers, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 53, 5, 389-407, 1991.
13. S and their relationship with neutral Fe layers: results from the METAL campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 98(A12), 21 549-21 561, 1993.
14. Larsen, M. F., Yamamoto, M., Fukao, S., and Saito, A.: SEEK 2: Observations of neutral winds, wind shears, and wave structure during a sporadic-E/QP event, Ann. Geophys., 23, 2369-2375, 2005.
15. Machuga, D. W. and Mathews, J. D.: Numerical simulations of three-dimensional E-region ion trajectories in realistic tidal wind and E-field structures: layer formation and transport, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 63, 1519-1528, 2001.
16. MacLeod, M. A.: Sporadic E Theory. I. Collision-Geomagnetic Equilibrium, J. Atmos. Sci., 23, 96-109, 1966.
17. Maruyama, T., Kato, H., and Nakamura, M.: Ionospheric effects of the Leonid meteor shower in November 2001 as observed by rapid run ionosondes, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A8), 1324, doi:10.1029/2003JA009831, 2003.
18. Mathews, J. D., Morton, Y. T., and Zhou, Q.: Observations of ion layer motions during the AIDA campaign, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 55, 3, 447-457, 1993.
19. Mathews, J. D., Machuga, D. W., and Zhou, Q.: Evidence for electrodynamic linkages between spread-F, ion rain, the intermediate layer, and sporadic E: results from observations and simulations, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 63, 1529-1543, 2001.
20. Nygren, T., Jalonen, L., Oksman, J., and Turunen, T.: The role of electric field and neutral wind direction in the formation of sporadic E-layers, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 46, 4, 373-381, 1984.
21. Ogawa, T., Takahashi, O., Otsuka, Y., Nozaki, K., Yamamoto, M., and Kita, K.: Simultaneous middle and upper atmosphere radar and ionospheric sounder observations of midlatitude E region irregularities and sporadic E layer, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A10), 1275, doi:10.1029/2001JA900176, 2002.
22. Perkins, F.: Spread F and ionospheric currents, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 1, 218-226, 1973.
23. Pfaff, R., Freudenreich, H., Yokoyama, T., Yamamoto, M., Fukao, S., Mori, H., Ohtsuki, S., and Iwagami, N.: Electric field measurements of DC and long wavelength structures associated with sporadic-E layers and QP radar echoes, Ann. Geophys., 23, 2319-2334, 2005.
24. Rees, D., Dorling, E. B., Lloyd, K. H., and Low, C.: The role of neutral winds and ionospheric electric field in forming stable sporadic E-layers, Planet. Space Sci., 24, 475-478, 1976.
25. Roddy, P. A., Earle, G. D., Swenson, C. M., Carlson, C. G., and Bullett, T. W.: Relative concentrations of molecular and metallic ions in midlatitude intermediate and sporadic-E layers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L19807, doi:1029/2004GL020604, 2004.
26. Smith, L. B. and Wright, J. W.: Sporadic-E and wind-profile interrelation over Hawaii, Radio Sci., 7, 3, 363-366, 1972.
27. Smith, L. G.: Rocket observations of sporadic E and related features of the E region, Radio Sci., 1, 178-186, 1966.
28. Smith, L. G. and Mechtly, E. A.: Rocket observations of sporadic-E layers, Radio Sci., 7, 367-376, 1972.
29. Smith, L. G. and Miller, K. L.: Sporadic-E layers and unstable wind shears, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 42, 45-50, 1980.
30. Wakabayashi, M., Ono, T., Mori, H., and Bernhardt, P. A.: Electron density and plasma waves in mid-latitude sporadic-E layer observed during the SEEK-2 campaign, Ann. Geophys., 23, 2335-2345, 2005.
31. Whitehead, J. D.: The formation of the sporadic-E layer in the temperate zones, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 20, 49-58, 1961.
32. Yamamoto, M., Fukao, S., Tsunoda, R. T., and Hayakawa, H.: SEEK-2 (Sporadic-E Experiment over Kyushu 2) - Project Outline and Significance, Ann. Geophys., 23, 2295-2305, 2005.
33. Yamamoto, M.-Y., Ono, T., Oya, H., Tsunoda, R. T., Larsen, M. F., Fukao, S., and Yamamoto, M.: Structures in sporadic-E observed with an impedance probe during the SEEK campaign: Comparisons with neutral-wind and radar-echo observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1781-1784, 1998.
34. Yokoyama, T., Yamamoto, M., Fukao, S., Takahashi, T., and Tanaka, M.: Numerical simulation of midlatitude ionospheric E region based on the SEEK and the SEEK-2 observations, Ann. Geophys., 23, 2377-2384, 2005.