The limits of multitude

New Left Review

Volumn , Issue 35, 2005, Pages 19-39

  Bull, Malcolm ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 27744539901     PISSN: 00286060     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Multitude, London 2004, pp. 99, 106.
2. Multitude, p. 103.
3. Paolo Virno, A Grammar of the Multitude, New York 2004, pp. 21, 23.
4. Antonio Negri, The Savage Anomaly, Minneapolis 1991, p. 19;
5. Etienne Balibar, Masses, Classes, Ideas, London 1994, p. 16;
6. Virno, Grammar, p. 22.
7. See also Warren Montag, Bodies, Masses, Power, London 1999 and
8. Negri, Subversive Spinoza, Manchester 2005;
9. Balibar's Spinoza and Politics, London 1998, provides a more balanced account.
10. Virno, Grammar, p. 23.
11. Multitude, pp. 242-3.
12. Negri, Savage Anomaly, p. 199;
13. Montag, Bodies, p. 92.
14. Balibar, Masses, p. 17.
15. Virno, Grammar, p. 21.
16. Multitude, p. 340 and
17. Montag, Bodies , pp. 84-5.
18. Hobbes, The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic [1650] 21.11, ed. J. C. A. Gaskin, Oxford 1994.
19. Hobbes, De Cive [1642], 6.1.
20. All quotations from De Give are from the edition translated and edited by Richard Tuck and Michael Silverthorne as On the Citizen, Cambridge 1998; I have consistently substituted 'multitude' for 'crowd' as the translation of multitudo .
21. Elements, 21.11 and
22. De Cive, 6.1.
23. De Cive, 6.1.
24. De Cive, 12.8.
25. De Cive, 6.1.
26. Hobbes, Leviathan [1651], ed. Richard Tuck, Cambridge 1991, p. 114.
27. De Cive, 7.11.
28. De Cive, 12.8.
29. De Cive, 13.13.
30. De Cive, 7.5.
31. Elements, 27.4.
32. Cicero, The Republic, 1.39.
33. Augustine, City of God, 19.21.
34. City of God, 19.24.
35. Augustine, Sermo 103,
36. quoted in J. D. Adams, The "Populus" of Augustine and Jerome: a study in the patristic sense of community', New Haven 1971, p. 35.
37. See M. S. Kempshall, 'De re publica 1.39
38. in Medieval and Renaissance Political Thought', in J. G. F. Powell and J. A. North, eds, Cicero's Republic, London 2001, pp. 99-135.
39. Aristotle, Politics, 1279a, tr. Benjamin Jowett, Oxford 1905;
40. Thomas Aquinas, In libros politicorum Aristotelis expositio, ed. Raimondo Spiazzi, Rome 1951, p. 139.
41. Marsilius of Padua, Defensor Pacis [1324], 1.12.5, tr. Alan Gewirth, New York 1956.
42. Spinoza, Theologico-Political Treatise [1670], tr. R. H. M. Elwes, New York 1951, p. 205; henceforward TTP.
43. Spinoza, Political Treatise [1677], 3.7, tr. R. H. M. Elwes, New York 1951; hence-forward TP.
44. Balibar reviews interpretations of this phrase (which first appears at TP 3.2) in 'Potentia multitudinis, quae una veluti mente ducitur' in Marcel Senn and Manfred Walther, eds, Ethik, Recht und Politik bei Spinoza, Zürich 2001, PP. 105-37.
45. TP, 2.16.
46. TP, 2.13.
47. TP, 2.15.
48. Aristotle, Politics, 1253a.
49. TP, 3.2.
50. TP, 8.19.
51. TP, 3.7.
52. TP, 2.21.
53. Spinoza, Letters, XXXII.
54. Spinoza, Ethics [1677], 4.P32 and 4.P35, tr. Edwin Curley, London 1996.
55. TP, 1.5.
56. TTP, p. 216.
57. TP, 6.1.
58. Aquinas, In libros politicorum, p. 151. Aquinas's commentary (which his pupil Peter of Auvergne takes up at the end of 3.6) was routinely published with Latin translations of the Politics well into the seventeenth century (e.g. the Paris edition of 1645). It is quite likely that Spinoza, who read Aristotle in Latin, was acquainted with the Politics through such an edition.
59. Aristotle, Politics, 1286a and 1282a.
60. For a contemporary discussion of this phenomenon, see James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds, London 2004.
61. Aristotle, Politics, 1281a-b. In the Latin edition cited above this was translated as 'et fieri congregatorum quasi unum hominem multitudinem multorum pedum et multarum manuum et multos sensus habentem sic et quae circa mores et circa intellectum', p. 146.
62. TTP, p. 206.
63. TP, 8.3.
64. TP, 9.14.
65. Elements, 19.5.
66. De Cive, 5.5.
67. De Cive, 5.4.
68. Leviathan, p. 119.
69. Ethics, 4-p18.S, and A.P35.C2.
70. Ethics, 4-P18.s;
71. cf. Aristotle, Politics, 1281a at note 47 above.
72. Ethics, 4.P35.
73. Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees [1714], Oxford 1924, vol. I, p. 347.
74. Mandeville, Fable, vol. 2, p. 132;
75. Mandeville, Fable, vol. 1, p. 344;
76. Mandeville, Fable, vol. 1, pp. 124, 346-7.
77. Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments [1759], London 1976, pp. 184-5.
78. Smith, The Wealth of Nations [1776], Book 4, chapter 2.
79. Dugald Stewart, Collected Works, vol. 2, Edinburgh 1854, p. 248.
80. Rousseau, The Social Contract, 2.1 and 2.3.
81. Multitude, p. 329.
82. Multitude, pp. 242, 338.
83. Multitude, pp. 91-3.
84. Multitude, p. 339.
85. Virno, Grammar, p. 42.
86. Marx, Grundrisse, London 1973, p. 706.
87. Virno, Grammar, pp. 64, 66.
88. Friedrich Hayek, Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, London 1967, p. 73.
89. Multitude, p. 337.
90. Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty, London 1960, p. 26;
91. Virno, Grammar, p. 106.
92. Multitude, p. 197.