Electoral verdicts: Incumbent defeats in state supreme court elections

American Politics Research

Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 818-841

  Bonneau, Chris W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

Campaign spending; Incumbency advantage; Judges; Judicial elections; Judicial politics; State supreme courts

Indexed keywords

EID: 27744535396     PISSN: 1532673X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1532673X04273414     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Abramowitz, A. I. (1988). Explaining senate election outcomes. American Political Science Review, 82, 385-403.
2. Abramowitz, A. I. (1989). Campaign spending in United States Senate elections. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 14, 487-507.
3. Abramson, P. R., Aldrich, J. H., & Rohde, D. W. (2002). Change and continuity in the 2000 elections. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
4. Ansolabehere, S., & Gerber, A. (1994). The mismeasure of campaign spending: Evidence from the 1990 United States House elections. Journal of Politics, 56, 1106-1118.
5. Arrington, T. S. (1996). When money doesn't matter: Campaign spending for minor statewide judicial and executive offices in North Carolina. Justice System Journal, 18, 257-266.
6. Aspin, L. T., Hall, W. K., Bax, J., & Montoya, C. (2000). Thirty years of judicial retention elections: An update. Social Science Journal, 37, 1-17.
7. Atkeson, L. R., & Partin, R. W. (1995). Economic and referendum voting: A comparison of gubernatorial and senate elections. American Political Science Review, 89, 99-107.
8. Bonneau, C. W. (2004). Patterns of campaign spending and electoral competition in state supreme court elections. Justice System Journal, 25, 21-38.
9. Bonneau, C. W., & Hall, M. G. (2003). Predicting challengers in state supreme court elections: Context and the politics of institutional design. Political Research Quarterly, 56, 337-349.
10. Brace, P., & Hall, M. G. (1990). Neo-institutionalism and dissent in state supreme courts. Journal of Politics, 52, 54-70.
11. Brace, P., & Hall, M. G. (1995). Studying courts comparatively: The view from the American States. Political Research Quarterly, 48, 5-29.
12. Brace, P., & Hall, M. G. (1997). The interplay of preferences, case facts, context, and structure in the politics of judicial choice. Journal of Politics, 59, 1206-1231.
13. Burbank, S. B., & Friedman, B. (2002). Reconsidering judicial independence. In S. B. Burbank & B. Friedman (Eds.), Judicial independence at the crossroads: An interdisciplinary approach (pp. 9-42). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
14. Campbell, L. (2002, November 21). An absurd system gets even worse. Dallas-Fort Worth StarTelegram. Retrieved from http://www.dfw.com
15. Carsey, T. M., & Wright, G. R. (1998). State and national forces in gubernatorial and senate elections. American Journal of Political Science, 42, 994-1002.
16. Cassie, W. E., & Breaux, D. A. (1998). Expenditures and election results. In J. A. Thompson & G. F. Moncrief (Eds.), Campaign finance in state legislative elections (pp. 99-114). Washington, DC: CQ Press.
17. Champagne, A., & Thielemann, G. (1991). Awareness of trial court judges. Judicature, 74, 271-276.
18. Cox, G. W., & Morgenstern, S. (1995). The incumbency advantage in multimember districts: Evidence from the U.S. states. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 20, 329-349.
19. Dickerson, B. (2001, February 12). Reason rules civil reform on judiciary. Detroit Free Press. Retrieved from http://www.freep.com
20. Dubois, P. L. (1979). The significance of voting cues in state supreme court elections. Law and Society Review, 13, 757-779.
21. Dubois, P. L. (1984). Voting cues in nonpartisan trial court elections: A multivariate assessment. Law and Society Review, 18, 395-436.
22. Dunn, P. W. (1976). Judicial selection and the states: A critical study with proposals for reform. Hofstra Law Review, 4, 285-304.
23. Erikson, R. S., & Palfrey, T. R. (2000). Equilibria in campaign spending games: Theory and data. American Political Science Review, 94, 595-609.
24. Ferejohn, J. A. (1990). Information and the electoral process. In J. A. Ferejohn & J. H. Kuklinski (Eds.), Information and democratic processes (pp. 1-19). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
25. Gierzynski, A., & Breaux, D. A. (1991). Money and votes in state legislative elections. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 16, 203-217.
26. Gierzynski, A., & Breaux, D. A. (1996). Legislative elections and the importance of money. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 21, 337-358.
27. Green, D. P., & Krasno, J. S. (1988). Salvation for the spendthrift incumbent: Reestimating the effects of campaign spending in house elections. American Journal of Political Science, 32, 884-907.
28. Hagle, T. M., & Mitchell, G. E., II. (1992). Goodness-of-fit measures for probit and logit. American Journal of Political Science, 36, 762-784.
29. Hall, M. G. (1992). Electoral politics and Strategic voting in state supreme courts. Journal of Politics, 54, 427-446.
30. Hall, M. G. (1995). Justices as representatives: Elections and judicial politics in the American states. American Politics Quarterly, 23, 485-503.
31. Hall, M. G. (2001a). State supreme courts in American democracy: Probing the myths of judicial reform. American Political Science Review, 95, 315-330.
32. Hall, M. G. (2001b). Voluntary retirements from state supreme courts: Assessing democratic pressures to relinquish the bench. Journal of Politics, 63, 1112-1140.
33. Hall, M. G., & Bonneau, C. W. (2003, August). Challengers, margins, and state supreme court elections. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia.
34. Jackson, D. W., & Riddlesperger, J. W., Jr. (1991). Money and politics in judicial elections: The 1988 election of the chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court. Judicature, 74, 184-189.
35. Jacobson, G. C. (1978). The effects of campaign spending in congressional elections. American Political Science Review, 72, 469-491.
36. Jacobson, G. C. (1980). Money in congressional elections. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
37. Jacobson, G. C. (1990). The effects of campaign spending in house elections: New evidence for old arguments. American Journal of Political Science, 34, 334-362.
38. Jacobson, G. C. (1997). The politics of congressional elections (4th ed.). New York: Longman.
39. Jewell, M. E., & Cassie, W. E. (1998). Can the legislative campaign finance system be reformed? In J. A. Thompson & G. F. Moncrief (Eds.), Campaign finance in state legislative elections (pp. 209-231). Washington, DC: CQ Press.
40. Johnson, C. A., Schaefer, R. C., & McKnight, R. N. (1978). The salience of judicial candidates and elections. Social Science Quarterly, 59, 371-378.
41. Key, V. O., Jr. (1961). Public opinion and American democracy. New York: Knopf.
42. King, G., Tomz, M., & Wittenberg, J. (2000). Making the most of statistical analyses: Improving interpretation and presentation. American Journal of Political Science, 44, 347-361.
43. Klein, D., & Baum, L. (2001). Ballot information and voting decisions in judicial elections. Political Research Quarterly, 54, 709-728.
44. Lowry, R. C., Alt, J. E., & Ferree, K. E. (1998). Fiscal policy outcomes and electoral accountability in American states. American Political Science Review, 92, 759-774.
45. Marks, L. (2001, November 5). Perspectives: Odor in the courts. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved from http://www.postgazette.com
46. Marks, L. A., & Hoke, J. H. (2001, November 9). Electing judges: Had enough, yet? Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved from http://www.philly.com/mld/dailynews
47. McKnight, R. N., Schaefer, R., & Johnson, C. A. (1978). Choosing judges: Do the voters know what they're doing? Judicature, 62, 94-99.
48. Moog, R. (1992). Campaign financing for North Carolina's appellate courts. Judicature, 76, 68-76.
49. Niemi, R. G., Stanley, H. W., & Vogel, R. J. (1995). State economies and state taxes: Do voters hold governors accountable? American Journal of Political Science, 39, 936-957.
50. Pomper, G. M. (1968). Elections in America: Control and influence in democratic politics. New York: Dodd, Mead.
51. Reid, T. V. (1996). PAC participation in North Carolina Supreme Court elections. Judicature, 80, 21-29.
52. Scammon, R. M., McGillivray, A., & Cook, R. (2001). America votes 24: A handbook of contemporary American election statistics. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
53. Schotland, R. A. (1985). Elective judges' campaign financing: Are state judges' robes the emperor's clothes of American democracy? Journal of Law and Politics, 2, 57-167.
54. Squire, P. (1989a). Challengers in U.S. Senate elections. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 14, 531-547.
55. Squire, P. (1989b). Competition and uncontested seats in U.S. House elections. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 14, 281-295.
56. Svoboda, C. J. (1995). Retrospective voting in gubernatorial elections: 1982 and 1986. Political Research Quarterly, 48, 135-150.
57. Thielemann, J., & Wilhite, A. (1995). Congressional turnover: Negating the incumbency advantage. Social Science Quarterly, 76, 594-606.
58. Thomas, S. J. (1989). Do incumbent campaign expenditures matter? Journal of Politics, 51, 965-976.
59. Throw out the baby: Abolish judicial elections, not contributions [Editorial]. (2001, January 17). Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved from http://www.postgazette.com
60. Tomz, M., Wittenberg, J., & King. G. (1999). CLARIFY: Software for interpreting and presenting statistical results, Version 1.2.1. Retrieved from http://gking.harvard.edu
61. Van Dunk, E. (1997). Challenger quality in state legislative elections. Political Research Quarterly, 50, 793-807.