New developments in liquid crystal photo-aligning by azo-dyes

IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 41-49

  Kwok, Hoi Sing ^a,c,d,e,f   Chigrinov, Vladimir G ^a   Takada, Hirokazu ^b,g   Takatsu, Haruyoshi ^b,h  

^a HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Hong Kong)

^b DIC CORPORATION   (Japan)

^c Center for Display Research   (Hong Kong)

^d OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA   (United States)

^e IEEE   (Hong Kong)

^f SID ^*  (Hong Kong)

^g Dainippon Ink and Chemicals   (Japan)

^h R and D of Liquid Crystal Technical Department   (Japan)

Author keywords

Liquid crystal display (LCD); Order parameter; Photo alignment; Rotational diffusion; UV light

Indexed keywords

ORDER PARAMETERS; PHOTO-ALIGNMENT; PHOTO-CROSSLINKING; ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION;

AZO DYES; CROSSLINKING; ISOMERIZATION; LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS; PHOTODEGRADATION; ROTATION; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

LIQUID CRYSTALS;

EID: 27744519376     PISSN: 1551319X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JDT.2005.852512     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. E. D. Kvasnikov, V. M. Kozenkov, and V. A. Barachevskii, "Birefringence in poly-vinylcinnamate films, induced by polarized light" (in Russian), Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 237, pp. 633-636, 1977.
2. K. Ichimura, Y. Suzuki, T. Seki, A. Hosoki, and K. Aoki, "Reversible change in alignment mode of nematic liquid crystals regulated photochemically by command surfaces modified with an azobenzene monolayer," Langmuir, vol. 4, pp. 1214-1216, 1988.
3. W. M. Gibbons, P. J. Shannon, S. T. Sun, and B. J. Swetlin, "Surface-mediated alignment of nematic liquid crystals with polarized laser light," Nature, vol. 351, pp. 49-50, 1991.
4. M. Schadt, K. Schmitt, V. Kozenkov, and V. Chigrinov, "Surface-in-duced parallel alignment of liquid crystals by linearly polymerized photopolymers," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 31, pp. 2155-2164, 1992.
5. A. G. Dyadyusha, T. Ya. Marusii, Yu. A. Reznikov, A. I. Khizhnyak, and V. Yu. Reshetnyak, "Orientational effect due to a change in the anisotropy of the interaction between a liquid crystal and a bounding surface" (in Russian), JETP Lett., vol. 56, pp. 17-21, 1992.
6. M. Hasegawa and Y. Taira, "Nematic homogeneous alignment by photo depolymerization of polyimide," in IDRC'94 Dig., 1995, pp. 213-216.
7. M. O'Neill and S. M. Kelly, "Photoinduced surface alignment for liquid crystal displays," J. Phys. D., vol. 33, pp. R67-R84, 2000.
8. M. Schadt, "Liquid crystal displays and novel optical thin films enabled by photo-alignment," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., vol. 364, pp. 151-169, 2001.
9. V. G. Chigrinov, V. M. Kozenkov, and H. S. Kwok, "New developments in photo-aligning and photo-patterning technologies: Physics and applications," in Optical Applications of Liquid Crystals, L. Vicari, Ed. Bristol, MA: Inst. Physics, 2003, pp. 201-244.
10. V. Chigrinov, E. Prudnikova, V. Kozenkov, H. Kwok, H. Akiyama, T. Kawara, H. Takada, and H. Takatsu, "Synthesis and properties of azo dye aligning layers for liquid crystal cells," Liqd. Cryst., vol. 29, pp. 1321-1327, 2002.
11. H. Takada, H. Akiyama, H. Takatsu, V. Chigrinov, E. Prudnikova, V. Kozenkov, and H. S. Kwok, "Aligning layers of azo dye derivatives for liquid crystal devices," in SID'03 Dig., 2003, pp. 620-623.
12. T. G. Pedersen, P. S. Ramanujam, P. M. Johansen, and S. Hvilsted, "Quantum theory and experimental studies of absorption spectra and photoisomerization of azobenzene polymers," J. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 15, pp. 2721-2730, 1998.
13. D. Statman and I. Janossy, "Study of photoisomerization of azo dyes in liquid crystals," J. Phys. Chem., vol. 118, pp. 3222-3232, 2003.
14. M. Nishikawa, B. Taheri, and J. L. West, "Mechanism of unidirectional liquid-crystal alignment on polyimides with linearly polarized ultraviolet light exposure," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 72, pp. 2403-2405, 1998.
15. S. Gong, J. Kanicki, L. Ma, and J. Zhong, "Ultraviolet-light induced liquid-crystal alignment on polyimide films," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 38, pp. 5996-6004, 1999.
16. B. Park, Y. Jung, H.-H. Choi, H.-K. Hwang, Y. Kim, S. Lee, S.-H. Jang, M. Kakimoto, and H. Takezoe, "Thermal and optical stabilities of photoisomerizable polyimide layers for nematic liquid crystal alignments," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 37, pp. 5663-5668, 1998.
17. K. Sakamoto, K. Usami, M. Kikegawa, and S. Ushioda, "Alignment of polyamic acid molecules containing azobenzene in the backbone structure: Effects of polarized ultraviolet light irradiation and subsequent thermal imidization," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 93, pp. 1039-1043, 2003.
18. V. Chigrinov, S. Pikin, A. Verevochnikov, V. Kozenkov, M. Khazimullin, J. Ho, D. D. Huang, and H. Kwok, "Diffusion model of photoaligning in azo-dye layers," Phys. Rev. E, vol. 69, pp. 061 713-1-0617 131-10, 2004.
19. S.-K. Hahn and D. Kang, "Measurement of anchoring strength of a photo-polymer for LC alignment," in IMID'03 Dig., July 2003, pp. 619-621.
20. L. T. Thieghi, R. Barberi, J. J. Bonvent, E. A. Oliviera, J. A. Giacometti, and D. T. Balogh, "Manipulation of anchoring strength in an azo-dye side chain polymer by photoisomerization," Phys. Rev. E, vol. 67, pp. 041701-1-041701-6, 2003.
21. X. Lu, Q. Lu, and Z. Zhu, "Alignment mechanism of a nematic liquid crystal on a pre-rubbed polyimide film with laser-induced periodic surface structure," Liqd. Cryst., vol. 30, pp. 985-990, 2003.
22. V. Chigrinov, A. Muravski, H. S. Kwok, H. Takada, H. Akiyama, and H. Takatsu, "Anchoring properties of photoaligned azo-dye materials," Phys. Rev. E, vol. 68, pp. 061 702-1-061 702-5, 2003.
23. R. Yamaguchi, Y. Goto, and S. Sato, "A novel patterning method of liquid crystal alignment by azimuthal anchoring control," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 41, pp. L889-L891, 2002.
24. V. Vorflusev, V. Kozenkov, and V. Chigrinov, "Bistable switching in FLC eels aligned by photoanisotropic films," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., vol. 263, pp. 577-583, 1995.
25. J. Funfschilling, M. Stalder, and M. Schadt, "Alignment of ferroelectric LCDS with hybrid LPP-photoaligned polymer networks," in SID'99 Dig., May 1999, pp. 308-311.
26. Y. Murakami, J. Xu, S. Kobayashi, H. Endo, and H. Fukuro, "Photoalignment of polymer-stabilized V-FLCD and intrinsic HV-FLCD and the effect of their EO characteristics," in SID'02 Digest, May 2002, pp. 496-497.
27. D. D. Huang, E. P. Pozhidaev, V. G. Chigrinov, H. L. Cheung, Y. L. Ho, and H. S. Kwok, "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystal displays based on azo-dye Layers," Displays, vol. 25, pp. 21-29, 2004.
28. _, "Optimization of photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid-crystal display under passively addressed driving," J. SID, vol. 12, pp. 455-459, 2004.
29. J.-H. Hwang and D.-S. Seo, "Control of high pretilt angle for nematic liquid crystal using In situ photoalignment method on homeotropic alignment layer," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 40, pp. 4160-4161, 2001.
30. J.-H. Hwang, D.-S. Seo, J.-Y. Kim, and T.-H. Kim, "Electro-optical characteristics in the photoaligned vertical-alignment cell on a photopolymer surfaces containing N-(phenyl)maleimide," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 41, pp. L58-L61, 2002.
31. Y.-J. Jeon, J.-Y. Hwang, D.-S. Seo, S.-H. Nam, and J.-I. Han, "Control of high pretilt angle for nematic liquid crystal on homeotropic alignment layer by in-situ photoalignment method," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., vol. 412, pp. 269-275, 2004.
32. V. A. Konovalov, V. G. Chigrinov, H. S. Kwok, H. Takada, and H. Takatsu, "P Photoaligned vertical aligne nematic mode in liquid crystals," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, vol. 43, pp. 261-266, 2004.
33. M. Stalder and M. Schadt, "Photoaligned bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays," Liqd. Cryst., vol. 30, pp. 285-296, 2003.
34. P. Martinot-Lagarde and I. Dozov, "The binem display: A nematic bistable device switched by surface anchoring breaking," in Proc. SPIE, vol. 5003, Apr. 2003, pp. 25-34.
35. I. Dozov, M. Nobili, and G. Durand, "Fast bistable nematic display using monostable surface switching," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 70, pp. 1179-1181, 1997.
36. F. Yeung and H. S. Kwok, "Truly bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display using photoalignment technology," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 83, pp. 4291-4293, 2003.
37. J. Osterman, Ch. Adas, L. Madsen, K. Skarp, A. P. Tong, L. Xihua, and V. Chigrinov, "Properties of azo-dye alignment layer on plastic substrates," in Proc. SID'05, vol. 36, Boston, MA, May 2005, p. 124.